西准噶尔克西—柳树沟一带石炭系的划分与对比
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摘要
本文以新疆西准噶尔克西-柳树沟一带石炭系沉积地层为研究对象,从岩石组合、沉积环境、生物化石、上下地层接触关系、构造形态差异等方面,对该套沉积地层作了比较系统的对比研究,取得了如下认识：
1.西准噶尔克西-柳树沟一带石炭系希贝库拉斯组与包古图组岩石组合区别明显,具有良好的宏观可识别性和区域延展稳定性,区域上可对比,属于不同的岩石地层单位。
2.希贝库拉斯组为一套无障壁海岸(滨海或陆源海盆沉积为主)粗碎屑沉积,主要岩石组合为砾岩、含砾粗砂岩及砂岩。包古图组总体为一套深海相细碎屑岩,夹有火山岩、灰岩夹层或条带,局部发育放射虫硅质岩。
3.希贝库拉斯组陆源碎屑供给充足,发育有多层的粗粒含砾砂岩以及冲刷侵蚀面、包卷层理等原生沉积构造,砾石具有明显的定向性。上述说明该组的沉积是在水动力很强的无障壁海岸(以滨海沉积为主)环境下形成。
相对上覆希贝库拉斯组的粗碎屑岩,下伏包古图组由细砂岩-粉砂岩-硅质粉砂岩的正旋回组成,磨圆-性与分选性变好,成熟度变高。本组形成环境应位于低流态的浪击面以下,为一套深海相细碎屑沉积建造。
4.希贝库拉斯组不整合于包古图组之上：二者直接接触,接触面处未见断裂迹象；接触面两侧岩性不同,产状不一致；不整合面上见有底砾岩。该不整合指示了一次重大构造事件的发生,代表了一次沉积旋回结束与新一次旋回开始的分界面,即包古图组沉积结束后,区内发生了褶皱造山,形成沉积间断,之后地壳下降,并再次接受了希贝库拉斯组的沉积。
希贝库拉斯组底部灰岩砾石中发现Lithostrotionella cf. shimeri, Multithecopora等珊瑚化石,其组合与阿克库拉采石场包古图组灰岩中所含化石组合基本一致,并且含化石的灰岩砾石之岩性相同。据前人资料,区内仅包古图组中有灰岩沉积记录。由此推断希贝库拉斯组底部的灰岩砾石物源只能来自于包古图组,新老关系不言而喻。
5.希贝库拉斯组与包古图组地层的褶皱样式差异显著,表明两组是不同的变形域、不同的构造应力场和动力学体制的产物。包古图组的强烈挤压变形与前述的褶皱隆起造山作用密切相关,并且在希贝库拉斯组形成之后,经历了再次叠加褶皱变形。
6.本文对包古图组安山岩中锆石进行LA-ICP-MS测年,最新获得锆石U-Pb年龄345.6±6.2Ma,MSWD=1.14(置信度95%),与西准噶尔宝贝金矿一带火山岩中获得328.6±1.8Ma的锆石SHRIMP年龄相吻合,其时代为早石炭世晚期。
7.依据上述生物化石、不整合接触关系,结合区域资料,将克西-柳树沟一带石炭系划分为晚石炭世希贝库拉斯组与早石炭世包古图组。这一结论为正确确立本区地层层序,建立区域地层格架和大区地层对比提供了重要的佐证,也是恢复本区古沉积盆地及鉴别地壳运动特征的重要依据,对重建中亚地区晚古生代地质历史有重要的价值。
This dissertation is object on the sedimentary stratum of Carboniferous System in the Kexi-Liushugou area of Western Junggar, Xinjiang. Studying the features of strata in our researching area synthetically, including lithofacies, rock association, organic fossil analysis and contact relationship between the stratum and structural form differences. Through the several years of our research, gained the achievement as follows:
1. The clastic rock with Carboniferous Xibeikulasi Formation and Baogutu Formation in the Kexi-Liushugou area of Western Junggar, is different from each other, and have macroexamination regional extension stability and regional correlation. They are belongs to two different rock-stratigraphicunits.
2. The Xibeikulasi Formation is no barrier seacoast (main littoral or terrigenous sea basin deposit) coarse clastic deposit, the major lithology of which are conglomerate, bearing gravel coarse sand, and sandstone; Baogutuzu Formation is deep-sea facies microclastic rock, with volcanic rock, limerock partings or banding, and radiolarian silicalite in some area, which consists siltstone, siliceous siltstone,silicalite and so on.
3. The terrigenous supply of Xibeikulasi formation is sufficient. It develops coarse-grained gravel-bearing sandstone, scouring erosion surface, convolute bedding and other primary sedimentary structures. The gravels have obviously orientable arrangement. The above show that the Xibeikulasi formation formed under a non-barrier coast sendiment environment (dominated by onshore sedimentary system) with strong hydrodynamic force.
Relative to the overlying coarse fragment sandstone of Xibeikulasi formation, the Baogutu formation is composed of normal cycle formed by fine sandstone-siltstone-siliceous siltstone, with getting better and higher of the psephicity, sorting and maturity. The Baogutu formation developed under wave base of lower regime is a suit of abyssal fine-clastic sediment formation.
4. The Xibeikulasi Formation aboved-mentioned unconformity on the Baogutu Formation, they contact directly between which there is no indication of fault; the lithology of both sides of contact, the occurrence is different; and basal conglomerate spread on the unconformity interfaces. The unconformity indicates one big important tectonic event happened, represents the tectonic setting transition from one sedimentary cycle finished and a new one happened. These suggest that folding mountain-building movement occurred after the Baogutu formation sedimentary, and then the Xibeikulasi formation begin to deposit.
The corals Lithostrotionella cf. shimeri, Multithecopora which was discovered from the limestone gravel at the bottom of Xibeikulasi formation can be contrast with the fossil assemblage of Baogutu formation, and the lithologic character of limestone gravel is same with the limestone of Baogutu formation. During our 1:50000 regional geological and mianeral survey, the lithologic deposit record only occurred in the Baogutu Formation. It can be sure that the gravel must come from the Baogutu formation. So that, the chronogensis of the Xibeikulasi formation and the Baogutu formation is understood without further explanation.
5. The significantly different fold-shapes between Xibeikulasi formation and Baogutu formation show that they are products of different deformation domain, tectonic stress field and dynamics system. The strong compression deformation of Baogutu formation is related to aforesaid folding mountain-building movement, and after Xibeikulasi formation forming, Baogutu formation experience superimposed folding again.
6. LA-ICP-MS dating technique is used to determine the zircons from Baogutu formation, and yielded zircon U-Pb age of 346±12Ma (MSWD=1.14,95% confidence). The data is consistent with the SHRIMP age of 328.6±1.8Ma of volcanic rock in the Baobei gold deposit, Western Junggar. With the relevant data synthesized, the Baogutu formation was considered to form in the Early Caiboniferous.
7. According to the biology fossil, discordant contact relationship, and correlating the regional researching, the Carboniferous system in the Kexi-Liushugou area is divided into the Late Carboniferous Xibeikulasi Formation and the Early Carboniferous Baogutu Formation. The result affords important basis for building correct regional stratigraphic sequence and correlation, and it is great significant for recoverying paleosedimentary basin in the area, discriminating features of crustal moving, rebuilding the Late Paleozoic era geologic history of the central Asia.
1.西准噶尔克西-柳树沟一带石炭系希贝库拉斯组与包古图组岩石组合区别明显,具有良好的宏观可识别性和区域延展稳定性,区域上可对比,属于不同的岩石地层单位。
2.希贝库拉斯组为一套无障壁海岸(滨海或陆源海盆沉积为主)粗碎屑沉积,主要岩石组合为砾岩、含砾粗砂岩及砂岩。包古图组总体为一套深海相细碎屑岩,夹有火山岩、灰岩夹层或条带,局部发育放射虫硅质岩。
3.希贝库拉斯组陆源碎屑供给充足,发育有多层的粗粒含砾砂岩以及冲刷侵蚀面、包卷层理等原生沉积构造,砾石具有明显的定向性。上述说明该组的沉积是在水动力很强的无障壁海岸(以滨海沉积为主)环境下形成。
相对上覆希贝库拉斯组的粗碎屑岩,下伏包古图组由细砂岩-粉砂岩-硅质粉砂岩的正旋回组成,磨圆-性与分选性变好,成熟度变高。本组形成环境应位于低流态的浪击面以下,为一套深海相细碎屑沉积建造。
4.希贝库拉斯组不整合于包古图组之上：二者直接接触,接触面处未见断裂迹象；接触面两侧岩性不同,产状不一致；不整合面上见有底砾岩。该不整合指示了一次重大构造事件的发生,代表了一次沉积旋回结束与新一次旋回开始的分界面,即包古图组沉积结束后,区内发生了褶皱造山,形成沉积间断,之后地壳下降,并再次接受了希贝库拉斯组的沉积。
希贝库拉斯组底部灰岩砾石中发现Lithostrotionella cf. shimeri, Multithecopora等珊瑚化石,其组合与阿克库拉采石场包古图组灰岩中所含化石组合基本一致,并且含化石的灰岩砾石之岩性相同。据前人资料,区内仅包古图组中有灰岩沉积记录。由此推断希贝库拉斯组底部的灰岩砾石物源只能来自于包古图组,新老关系不言而喻。
5.希贝库拉斯组与包古图组地层的褶皱样式差异显著,表明两组是不同的变形域、不同的构造应力场和动力学体制的产物。包古图组的强烈挤压变形与前述的褶皱隆起造山作用密切相关,并且在希贝库拉斯组形成之后,经历了再次叠加褶皱变形。
6.本文对包古图组安山岩中锆石进行LA-ICP-MS测年,最新获得锆石U-Pb年龄345.6±6.2Ma,MSWD=1.14(置信度95%),与西准噶尔宝贝金矿一带火山岩中获得328.6±1.8Ma的锆石SHRIMP年龄相吻合,其时代为早石炭世晚期。
7.依据上述生物化石、不整合接触关系,结合区域资料,将克西-柳树沟一带石炭系划分为晚石炭世希贝库拉斯组与早石炭世包古图组。这一结论为正确确立本区地层层序,建立区域地层格架和大区地层对比提供了重要的佐证,也是恢复本区古沉积盆地及鉴别地壳运动特征的重要依据,对重建中亚地区晚古生代地质历史有重要的价值。
This dissertation is object on the sedimentary stratum of Carboniferous System in the Kexi-Liushugou area of Western Junggar, Xinjiang. Studying the features of strata in our researching area synthetically, including lithofacies, rock association, organic fossil analysis and contact relationship between the stratum and structural form differences. Through the several years of our research, gained the achievement as follows:
1. The clastic rock with Carboniferous Xibeikulasi Formation and Baogutu Formation in the Kexi-Liushugou area of Western Junggar, is different from each other, and have macroexamination regional extension stability and regional correlation. They are belongs to two different rock-stratigraphicunits.
2. The Xibeikulasi Formation is no barrier seacoast (main littoral or terrigenous sea basin deposit) coarse clastic deposit, the major lithology of which are conglomerate, bearing gravel coarse sand, and sandstone; Baogutuzu Formation is deep-sea facies microclastic rock, with volcanic rock, limerock partings or banding, and radiolarian silicalite in some area, which consists siltstone, siliceous siltstone,silicalite and so on.
3. The terrigenous supply of Xibeikulasi formation is sufficient. It develops coarse-grained gravel-bearing sandstone, scouring erosion surface, convolute bedding and other primary sedimentary structures. The gravels have obviously orientable arrangement. The above show that the Xibeikulasi formation formed under a non-barrier coast sendiment environment (dominated by onshore sedimentary system) with strong hydrodynamic force.
Relative to the overlying coarse fragment sandstone of Xibeikulasi formation, the Baogutu formation is composed of normal cycle formed by fine sandstone-siltstone-siliceous siltstone, with getting better and higher of the psephicity, sorting and maturity. The Baogutu formation developed under wave base of lower regime is a suit of abyssal fine-clastic sediment formation.
4. The Xibeikulasi Formation aboved-mentioned unconformity on the Baogutu Formation, they contact directly between which there is no indication of fault; the lithology of both sides of contact, the occurrence is different; and basal conglomerate spread on the unconformity interfaces. The unconformity indicates one big important tectonic event happened, represents the tectonic setting transition from one sedimentary cycle finished and a new one happened. These suggest that folding mountain-building movement occurred after the Baogutu formation sedimentary, and then the Xibeikulasi formation begin to deposit.
The corals Lithostrotionella cf. shimeri, Multithecopora which was discovered from the limestone gravel at the bottom of Xibeikulasi formation can be contrast with the fossil assemblage of Baogutu formation, and the lithologic character of limestone gravel is same with the limestone of Baogutu formation. During our 1:50000 regional geological and mianeral survey, the lithologic deposit record only occurred in the Baogutu Formation. It can be sure that the gravel must come from the Baogutu formation. So that, the chronogensis of the Xibeikulasi formation and the Baogutu formation is understood without further explanation.
5. The significantly different fold-shapes between Xibeikulasi formation and Baogutu formation show that they are products of different deformation domain, tectonic stress field and dynamics system. The strong compression deformation of Baogutu formation is related to aforesaid folding mountain-building movement, and after Xibeikulasi formation forming, Baogutu formation experience superimposed folding again.
6. LA-ICP-MS dating technique is used to determine the zircons from Baogutu formation, and yielded zircon U-Pb age of 346±12Ma (MSWD=1.14,95% confidence). The data is consistent with the SHRIMP age of 328.6±1.8Ma of volcanic rock in the Baobei gold deposit, Western Junggar. With the relevant data synthesized, the Baogutu formation was considered to form in the Early Caiboniferous.
7. According to the biology fossil, discordant contact relationship, and correlating the regional researching, the Carboniferous system in the Kexi-Liushugou area is divided into the Late Carboniferous Xibeikulasi Formation and the Early Carboniferous Baogutu Formation. The result affords important basis for building correct regional stratigraphic sequence and correlation, and it is great significant for recoverying paleosedimentary basin in the area, discriminating features of crustal moving, rebuilding the Late Paleozoic era geologic history of the central Asia.
引文
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