海水源热泵技术在天津港的应用和研究
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摘要
本文首先介绍了海水源热泵在国内应用现状和在天津港的工程应用情况,分析了传统的单级蒸气压缩式制冷的工作原理以及影响制冷循环的因素。在此基础之上,研究了以海水作为提取和储存能量来源的海水源热泵空调制冷系统原理,并对系统组成进行了介绍。
数据表明天津港所在渤海海域的海水状况,其水深、水温均较适宜作为海水源热泵的冷(热)源。本文以天津港30万吨级原油码头工程中海水源热泵空调系统应用为例,研究了如何通过可靠的海水取水技术保证整个制冷系统稳定运行,同时对系统进行了海岸井取水系统试验、低温换热器研究和末端地板辐射采暖系统等试验,对实际应用中可能影响采暖效果的问题进行了大量研究。
地板采暖试验首先根据单位地面面积的散热量表,得出地板表面温度与室温的差值及相应的地板的散热量,利用MATLAB软件回归出此差值与相应的地板散热量的关系曲线,利用此曲线与根据实验获得的地板散热量的曲线相比较,试验比理论散热量高5%。然后用实验的方法给出了硬聚氯乙烯地板运行时不同流量下的散热量曲线并为其应用提供了设计依据。试验对硬聚氯乙烯地板表面温度及地板上方空气温度均匀性进行了研究,结果表明由于该地板各通水水道之间成平行型排布,使得地板表面在进水口侧与回水口侧形成温度梯度,且此温度梯度随供、回水温差的增大而增大。所以在工程应用中地板供、回水温差设计适中,将会获得良好的采暖效果。研究结果表明:冬季,海水供水温度较室外空气温度要高,且海水温度具有延迟性这就保证了较高的供热系数;同样,夏季海水供水温度较室外空气温度低,从而保证了理想的制冷系数。因此海水源热泵是综合利用能源的一种很有价值的方式,对于沿海城市来说是比较理想的冷(热)源,值得推广使用。
This article first introduced the sea water source heat pump in the domestic application and especially in Tianjin Port project. The traditional single stage vapor compression type refrigeration principle of work as well as the influence refrigeration cycle factor has been analyzed. Above this foundation, the sea water source heat pump air conditioning refrigeration system principle has been studied, which originates as the extraction and the cumulative energy, and its system composition has been introduced.
The data show that the water situation of Tianjin Port in the Bohai Sea, the water depth, water temperature are suitable for sea water as a heat pump for cold (hot) source. In this paper, the Tianjin Port to 300,000-ton crude oil terminal project in the sea water-source heat pump air conditioning system as an example, the study of how the sea water through a reliable technology to ensure stable operation of the entire refrigeration system, while the coast of the system test well water system, low temperature for research and the end of reheater radiant floor heating systems tests, practical application of the heating effects that may affect a large number of research issues.
Test-floor heating first floor area under the cooling unit scale, to draw the floor surface temperature and the temperature difference and the corresponding amount of heat the floor, using MATLAB software, the return of this difference with the corresponding amount of floor cooling curve, using this curve and the experiment was based on the amount of floor cooling curve compared to tests of high heat dissipation than the theoretical 5%. And then use the experimental method is given RPVC running the floor under the different heat flow curve and its applications based on the design. PVC-U test for the floor above the floor surface temperature and air temperature uniformity were studied, the results showed that the floor as the water channels between the pass into a parallel-type arrangement, making the floor surface in the intake side and back side of the formation of the outlet temperature gradient, and this temperature gradient with the supply, return water temperature increases. Therefore, in engineering applications for the floor, the design of moderate temperature backwater, will be a good heating effect. The results show that: in winter, the sea water temperature is higher than the outdoor air temperature, and the water temperature has delayed it to ensure a high heat coefficient. Similarly, the summer sea water temperature is lower than the outdoor air temperature, thus ensuring coefficient of the ideal refrigeration. Thus the sea water-source heat pump is a kind of comprehensive utilization of energy in the way of great value for the coastal cities is a good cold (heat) source, it is worth to promote and use.
数据表明天津港所在渤海海域的海水状况,其水深、水温均较适宜作为海水源热泵的冷(热)源。本文以天津港30万吨级原油码头工程中海水源热泵空调系统应用为例,研究了如何通过可靠的海水取水技术保证整个制冷系统稳定运行,同时对系统进行了海岸井取水系统试验、低温换热器研究和末端地板辐射采暖系统等试验,对实际应用中可能影响采暖效果的问题进行了大量研究。
地板采暖试验首先根据单位地面面积的散热量表,得出地板表面温度与室温的差值及相应的地板的散热量,利用MATLAB软件回归出此差值与相应的地板散热量的关系曲线,利用此曲线与根据实验获得的地板散热量的曲线相比较,试验比理论散热量高5%。然后用实验的方法给出了硬聚氯乙烯地板运行时不同流量下的散热量曲线并为其应用提供了设计依据。试验对硬聚氯乙烯地板表面温度及地板上方空气温度均匀性进行了研究,结果表明由于该地板各通水水道之间成平行型排布,使得地板表面在进水口侧与回水口侧形成温度梯度,且此温度梯度随供、回水温差的增大而增大。所以在工程应用中地板供、回水温差设计适中,将会获得良好的采暖效果。研究结果表明:冬季,海水供水温度较室外空气温度要高,且海水温度具有延迟性这就保证了较高的供热系数;同样,夏季海水供水温度较室外空气温度低,从而保证了理想的制冷系数。因此海水源热泵是综合利用能源的一种很有价值的方式,对于沿海城市来说是比较理想的冷(热)源,值得推广使用。
This article first introduced the sea water source heat pump in the domestic application and especially in Tianjin Port project. The traditional single stage vapor compression type refrigeration principle of work as well as the influence refrigeration cycle factor has been analyzed. Above this foundation, the sea water source heat pump air conditioning refrigeration system principle has been studied, which originates as the extraction and the cumulative energy, and its system composition has been introduced.
The data show that the water situation of Tianjin Port in the Bohai Sea, the water depth, water temperature are suitable for sea water as a heat pump for cold (hot) source. In this paper, the Tianjin Port to 300,000-ton crude oil terminal project in the sea water-source heat pump air conditioning system as an example, the study of how the sea water through a reliable technology to ensure stable operation of the entire refrigeration system, while the coast of the system test well water system, low temperature for research and the end of reheater radiant floor heating systems tests, practical application of the heating effects that may affect a large number of research issues.
Test-floor heating first floor area under the cooling unit scale, to draw the floor surface temperature and the temperature difference and the corresponding amount of heat the floor, using MATLAB software, the return of this difference with the corresponding amount of floor cooling curve, using this curve and the experiment was based on the amount of floor cooling curve compared to tests of high heat dissipation than the theoretical 5%. And then use the experimental method is given RPVC running the floor under the different heat flow curve and its applications based on the design. PVC-U test for the floor above the floor surface temperature and air temperature uniformity were studied, the results showed that the floor as the water channels between the pass into a parallel-type arrangement, making the floor surface in the intake side and back side of the formation of the outlet temperature gradient, and this temperature gradient with the supply, return water temperature increases. Therefore, in engineering applications for the floor, the design of moderate temperature backwater, will be a good heating effect. The results show that: in winter, the sea water temperature is higher than the outdoor air temperature, and the water temperature has delayed it to ensure a high heat coefficient. Similarly, the summer sea water temperature is lower than the outdoor air temperature, thus ensuring coefficient of the ideal refrigeration. Thus the sea water-source heat pump is a kind of comprehensive utilization of energy in the way of great value for the coastal cities is a good cold (heat) source, it is worth to promote and use.
引文
[1]张莉,胡松涛,海水作为热泵系统冷热源的研究,建筑热能通风空调,2006,25(3):34～38
[2]胡松涛,张莉,王刚,海水源热泵空调系统的工程应用,资源与发展,2005,(3):26～29
[3]刘涛,利用海水作为城市空调冷热源技术及其应用,制冷与空调,2007,(1):37～39
[4]任玉迎,南远新,杭庆荣等,海水源热泵的发展和应用,制冷与空调,2007,7(2):8～9
[5]彦启森,空气调节用制冷技术(第二版),中国建筑工业出版社,1997,3～15
[6]胡松涛,陈茂科,郭潇潇等,海水源热泵与传统空调系统能耗比较分析,青岛理工大学学报,2008,29(2):1～5
[7]赵月玲,樊幸福,姚占龙,LSBLGR - S系列海水源热泵机组设备在天津港船闸所的应用,水道港口,2007,28(1):72～73
[8]于奎明,海水源热泵机组在建筑中的应用,中国建设信息供热制冷, 2008,(9):29～30
[9]祁俊山薛越霞,海水源热泵空调工程应用实例,工程建设与设计, 2005,(9):12～13
[10]张承虎,孙德兴,张璋,地表水源热泵系统技术方案的研讨,流体机械,2008, 36(2):56～60
[11]庞伟,海水源热泵技术在港口建设中的应用,水运工程, 2007,(9):141～145
[12]胡保亭,胡仰栋,伍联营,海洋热能的利用,海洋技术, 2004,23(2):96～102
[13]胡松涛,张莉,浅析海水源热泵,暖通空调, 2005,(35):207～210
[14]肖杰,范波,刘胜先,某海水源热泵空调工程能耗分析,青岛理工大学学报,2008,(02):36～37
[15]刘义军,浅谈可再生能源热泵技术的应用,科技信息,2007,(19):16～17
[16]金权,端木琳,舒海文,蒸气压缩式热泵与冷水机组模型回顾及探讨,制冷与空调, 2007, (05):19～23
[17]金权,寇伟,王文桐,大连某港口候船楼海水源热泵系统的技术经济分析,建筑科学, 2007,(10):5～10
[18]孙德兴吴荣华张承虎,开发水源技术解决热泵发展的瓶颈问题,中国勘察设计,2006, 11(05):34～37
[19]林树枝胡建勤,可再生能源在建筑中应用的探索与实践,建筑节能,2008, 25(10):21～24
[20]梅春雨,崔嵛,海水源热泵在某小区应用的探讨,黑龙江科技信息,2008, (14):38～39
[2]胡松涛,张莉,王刚,海水源热泵空调系统的工程应用,资源与发展,2005,(3):26～29
[3]刘涛,利用海水作为城市空调冷热源技术及其应用,制冷与空调,2007,(1):37～39
[4]任玉迎,南远新,杭庆荣等,海水源热泵的发展和应用,制冷与空调,2007,7(2):8～9
[5]彦启森,空气调节用制冷技术(第二版),中国建筑工业出版社,1997,3～15
[6]胡松涛,陈茂科,郭潇潇等,海水源热泵与传统空调系统能耗比较分析,青岛理工大学学报,2008,29(2):1～5
[7]赵月玲,樊幸福,姚占龙,LSBLGR - S系列海水源热泵机组设备在天津港船闸所的应用,水道港口,2007,28(1):72～73
[8]于奎明,海水源热泵机组在建筑中的应用,中国建设信息供热制冷, 2008,(9):29～30
[9]祁俊山薛越霞,海水源热泵空调工程应用实例,工程建设与设计, 2005,(9):12～13
[10]张承虎,孙德兴,张璋,地表水源热泵系统技术方案的研讨,流体机械,2008, 36(2):56～60
[11]庞伟,海水源热泵技术在港口建设中的应用,水运工程, 2007,(9):141～145
[12]胡保亭,胡仰栋,伍联营,海洋热能的利用,海洋技术, 2004,23(2):96～102
[13]胡松涛,张莉,浅析海水源热泵,暖通空调, 2005,(35):207～210
[14]肖杰,范波,刘胜先,某海水源热泵空调工程能耗分析,青岛理工大学学报,2008,(02):36～37
[15]刘义军,浅谈可再生能源热泵技术的应用,科技信息,2007,(19):16～17
[16]金权,端木琳,舒海文,蒸气压缩式热泵与冷水机组模型回顾及探讨,制冷与空调, 2007, (05):19～23
[17]金权,寇伟,王文桐,大连某港口候船楼海水源热泵系统的技术经济分析,建筑科学, 2007,(10):5～10
[18]孙德兴吴荣华张承虎,开发水源技术解决热泵发展的瓶颈问题,中国勘察设计,2006, 11(05):34～37
[19]林树枝胡建勤,可再生能源在建筑中应用的探索与实践,建筑节能,2008, 25(10):21～24
[20]梅春雨,崔嵛,海水源热泵在某小区应用的探讨,黑龙江科技信息,2008, (14):38～39