半电池电位法检测混凝土中钢筋锈蚀的研究
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摘要
近年来,混凝土结构的耐久性问题成为了结构工程学科研究的热点和重点,受到工程界的普遍关注和重视。钢筋锈蚀是耐久性研究中的核心问题,在使用期间对结构进行锈蚀检测、评估,不仅是工程建设安全的要求,也是结构寿命预测的一个重要环节。本文在半定量判断钢筋锈蚀的美国ASTM电位标准基础上,针对钢筋的宏观临界锈蚀,采用半电池电位法研究钢筋的临界锈蚀电位,试图将电位判断标准定量化,供实际工程检测参考。主要完成了以下工作:
1)通过电化学加速锈蚀试验,从宏观和微观上对钢筋的临界锈蚀进行了研究。以宏观和微观的临界锈蚀特征为判断标准,研究了标准试件的临界锈蚀时刻及其概率分布;通过酸洗试验得到不同水灰比试件的锈蚀修正系数,进而得到随水灰比变化的临界锈蚀时刻。
2)系统研究了盐分、水灰比、保护层厚度、湿度、混凝土表面状况等因素对电位的影响,从中选取主要因素,探讨它们对临界锈蚀电位的影响,提出不同保护层厚度、不同水灰比条件下的临界锈蚀电位。研究表明,电位变化量随氯离子变化量呈e指数函数变化;水灰比越大,电位负移越少;电位随保护层呈线性变化。
3)对小梅沙海洋世界进行了现场调查,分析了构件的环境作用特点,检测了表演池、梁、柱等构件的氯离子含量、半电池电位。调查发现,部分梁、柱构件氯离子含量严重超过规范标准,锈蚀严重。对此提出有针对性的修复建议和防护措施,并结合国内外标准和暴露试验成果,给出不同环境和使用年限下建筑物的保护层取值,为滨海环境混凝土结构设计施工提供参考。
4)调查得到深圳近海环境水下区、盐雾区、浪溅区、潮汐区工程构件的保护层厚度、混凝土强度、氯离子含量、电位,建立BP神经网络电位预测模型。研究表明,模型具有较好的预测效果。
In recent years, the durability of the concrete structure has become focus and hot in structural engineering discipline, and the republic of engineering generally give more and more interest and attention. The steel corrosion is the core issues in this durability problem. During the life time of the structure, corrosion detection and assessment are not only the construction security requirements, but also an important part of the life forecast. Based on the the potential ASTM standards which gives semi-quantitative judgement to steel corrosion, we carry out the semi-cell potential research for the macro-critical rusty steel bars. We try to quantify the potential testing criterion which is useful as reference in the actual project. Main achievement is as following:
Firstly, through the macro-cutting experiment and micro-AC impedance test, we study the critical rust moment, and through pickling and weighing test, we get the corrosion time with different water/cement ratio. The results show that: in the electrochemical speedup corrosion trial, if the corrosive current keeps constant, there is a moment that the steel has a uniform rusty surface. Nyquist plans can well reflect the steel’s corrosion situation in the concrete. When the slope in high-frequency area reduces to 0, there is uniform thin rust in the steel’s surface. Critical rusty moment obeys the maximum distributing of standard I. Water/cement ratio has great impact on the critical moment.
Secondly, discuss the impact of factors on the potential of rusty component systemically, and choose main factors for the study of corrosive potential. The results show that: potential changes increase with variety of chloride ion content in the first and remain unchanged in the end. The potential mainly depends on the resistance of concrete and steel’s corrosion condition. The bigger water/cement ratio, the smaller the concrete resistance, and the less negative shift the potential. Potential varies with the protective layer linearly. The water content of the concrete itself has great impact on potential, and the impact of sample’s surface is little.
Thirdly, we carry out locale detection, and evaluate the steel corrosion conditions in the Ocean World. The results show that: because of poor environmental conditions, chloride ion content of some beams and columns are seriously more than normative standards. Some beams and columns component have severe corrosion, and the durability problem is outstanding. The wall of the performance pool is in good condition all the same.
Finally, we also survey the protective layer thickness, concrete strength, the chloride ion content and potential of the projects in the underwater environment, saline spray area, waves splashing area or tidal area, and then establish BP neural network forecasting model on potential. The results show that the model has a good prediction.
1)通过电化学加速锈蚀试验,从宏观和微观上对钢筋的临界锈蚀进行了研究。以宏观和微观的临界锈蚀特征为判断标准,研究了标准试件的临界锈蚀时刻及其概率分布;通过酸洗试验得到不同水灰比试件的锈蚀修正系数,进而得到随水灰比变化的临界锈蚀时刻。
2)系统研究了盐分、水灰比、保护层厚度、湿度、混凝土表面状况等因素对电位的影响,从中选取主要因素,探讨它们对临界锈蚀电位的影响,提出不同保护层厚度、不同水灰比条件下的临界锈蚀电位。研究表明,电位变化量随氯离子变化量呈e指数函数变化;水灰比越大,电位负移越少;电位随保护层呈线性变化。
3)对小梅沙海洋世界进行了现场调查,分析了构件的环境作用特点,检测了表演池、梁、柱等构件的氯离子含量、半电池电位。调查发现,部分梁、柱构件氯离子含量严重超过规范标准,锈蚀严重。对此提出有针对性的修复建议和防护措施,并结合国内外标准和暴露试验成果,给出不同环境和使用年限下建筑物的保护层取值,为滨海环境混凝土结构设计施工提供参考。
4)调查得到深圳近海环境水下区、盐雾区、浪溅区、潮汐区工程构件的保护层厚度、混凝土强度、氯离子含量、电位,建立BP神经网络电位预测模型。研究表明,模型具有较好的预测效果。
In recent years, the durability of the concrete structure has become focus and hot in structural engineering discipline, and the republic of engineering generally give more and more interest and attention. The steel corrosion is the core issues in this durability problem. During the life time of the structure, corrosion detection and assessment are not only the construction security requirements, but also an important part of the life forecast. Based on the the potential ASTM standards which gives semi-quantitative judgement to steel corrosion, we carry out the semi-cell potential research for the macro-critical rusty steel bars. We try to quantify the potential testing criterion which is useful as reference in the actual project. Main achievement is as following:
Firstly, through the macro-cutting experiment and micro-AC impedance test, we study the critical rust moment, and through pickling and weighing test, we get the corrosion time with different water/cement ratio. The results show that: in the electrochemical speedup corrosion trial, if the corrosive current keeps constant, there is a moment that the steel has a uniform rusty surface. Nyquist plans can well reflect the steel’s corrosion situation in the concrete. When the slope in high-frequency area reduces to 0, there is uniform thin rust in the steel’s surface. Critical rusty moment obeys the maximum distributing of standard I. Water/cement ratio has great impact on the critical moment.
Secondly, discuss the impact of factors on the potential of rusty component systemically, and choose main factors for the study of corrosive potential. The results show that: potential changes increase with variety of chloride ion content in the first and remain unchanged in the end. The potential mainly depends on the resistance of concrete and steel’s corrosion condition. The bigger water/cement ratio, the smaller the concrete resistance, and the less negative shift the potential. Potential varies with the protective layer linearly. The water content of the concrete itself has great impact on potential, and the impact of sample’s surface is little.
Thirdly, we carry out locale detection, and evaluate the steel corrosion conditions in the Ocean World. The results show that: because of poor environmental conditions, chloride ion content of some beams and columns are seriously more than normative standards. Some beams and columns component have severe corrosion, and the durability problem is outstanding. The wall of the performance pool is in good condition all the same.
Finally, we also survey the protective layer thickness, concrete strength, the chloride ion content and potential of the projects in the underwater environment, saline spray area, waves splashing area or tidal area, and then establish BP neural network forecasting model on potential. The results show that the model has a good prediction.
引文
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15~17
2金伟良,赵羽习.混凝土结构耐久性研究的回顾与展望.浙江大学学报, 2002,36(4): 371~380
3洪定海.混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀与保护.北京:中国铁道出版社. 1998.
4冯乃谦,邢锋.高性能混凝土.北京:原子能出版社, 2000.
5洪乃丰.防冰盐腐蚀与钢筋混凝土的耐久性.建筑技术, 2000, 26 (2 ):102~ 104
6黄士元.混凝土的耐久性与混凝土结构的安全性.混凝土与水泥制品, 1996,27(1): 4~9
7王文铮,王洋等.钢筋混凝土桥梁结构耐久性问题及对策.广州建筑, 2006, (1):11~14
8张誉等.混凝土结构耐久性概论.上海:上海科学技术出版社. 2003
9金伟良,吕清芳等.混凝土结构耐久性设计方法与寿命预测研究进展.建筑结构学报, 2007, 28(1): 7~13
10柯伟.中国腐蚀调查报告.北京:化学工业出版社. 2003
11邓冰,竺存宏.天津港高桩码头锈蚀损面板残余承载力试验及估算方法的研究.港工技术,1998(1):25~31
12 Gowers K R, et al. Programmable linear polarization meter for determination of corrosion rate of reinforcement in concrete structures. British corrosion Journal, 1994,29(1):25~31
13 A.S.T.M C-876 Standard Test Method for Half Cell Potentials of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete
14 Paul Chess, et al. Corrosion Investigation a guide to half-cell mapping. Thomas Telford Services Ltd. 1996
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