不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿在湘西南地区引种适应性初步研究
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摘要
秋眠性和土壤pH值是限制紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)南方引种的主要因素。目前,南方各地仍处于苜蓿引种试验初期,对不同秋眠级苜蓿品种的研究主要集中在产量的评价上,对于湿热气候下,苜蓿的生产性能和生理生态适应性还缺乏系统和深入的研究。本试验以国外17个不同秋眠级苜蓿品种为材料,对其在湘西南地区的生产性能、光合生理、生理生化性状、根系形态进行品比试验,近两年的研究结果表明:
1.对17个苜蓿品种在湘西南地区的生长适应性性状指标包括12项农艺性状指标与粗蛋白含量进行了灰色关联分析,并建立品种适应性综合评价模型。结果表明,在湘西南地区表现较好的苜蓿品种有盛世、丰宝、CW680等,而阿尔冈金、皇后2000品种的生产性能较差:各项指标的权重大小顺序为:粗蛋白＞叶长＞叶宽＞茎粗＞株高＞再生速度＞主根长＞鲜干比＞根颈直径＞单株干重＞侧根数目＞茎叶比＞根系鲜重,可为南方亚热带地区苜蓿引种和推广提供科学的依据。
2.利用Li-6400XT光合速率测定系统测定了16种不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率的日变化。试验结果表明:阿尔冈金、四季旺、维多利亚、WL525、萨兰多、WL414、CW403、721丰叶、皇后2000、牧歌701、丰宝呈双峰型,而CW400、CW680、路宝、猎人河、盛世呈三峰型。16个品种净光合速率日变化均出现午休现象,其变化规律与秋眠级没有相关性。盛世、牧歌701、丰宝净光合速率较高,20μmolCO_2·m~(-2)·s~(-1)以上;WL525、路宝、牧歌701蒸腾速率较高,均在10mmolH_2O·m~(-2)·s~(-1)以上;丰叶721、CW403水分利用率较高,达5μmolCO_2/mmolH_2O以上。在湘西南地区环境气候条件下,盛世、丰宝、四季旺等光合能力较强的品种可推广种植。
3.对17个不同秋眠级苜蓿品种的丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性进行测定,聚类分析结果表明,17个苜蓿品种的生理生化适应性区分为4大类:维多利亚、丰宝、丰叶721、CW400、萨兰多、四季旺、盛世、CW403、猎人河为一类,该类群综合表现最好,适应性最强;牧歌701、CW680、WL414、路宝、WL525为一类,该类群综合表现中等;阿尔冈金、皇后2000为一类,这一类群适应性较差;4RR753为一类该类适应性最差。
4.在引种地土壤中,不同秋眠级苜蓿品种的根系形态发生显著变化,主根变短侧根发达,侧根与土壤平面的倾角较小,以主根为中心呈辐射状,呈水平根系。苜蓿主根根尖腐烂,主根的长度反映出根系的腐烂程度,方差分析结果表明:盛世的主根最长达28.80cm,其次是丰宝、四季旺、CW680、猎人河、萨兰多、丰叶721、牧歌701、维多利亚;阿尔冈金的主根较短,腐烂最严重。不同品种对土壤的适应能力不同,主根受伤后侧根的表现不一,萨兰多的主根受损程度最大,但侧根较多,平均侧根最长,单株地下生物量最大,表明对潮湿土壤适应能力强;阿尔冈金的主根受伤,但侧根也不发达,土壤适应性较差。
Fall dormant and soil pH value were two of the important factors that limit the introduction of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) to south China.At the present time,the introduction of alfalfa to south was in the earlier experimentation period.The study of different level of fall-dormancy alfalfa focused on the evaluation of yield,but the systemic and in-depth research on productive capability,physiological and ecological adaptability under heat-humid weather condition were absent.17 different level of fall-dormancy alfalfa from different country was introduced as experimental materials in this study.The production capability,photosynthesis performance,physiological and biochemical characters,modality of roots were compared between each material under heat-humid condition of southwest Hunan province.Through two years study,the main results are as follows.
1.In this study,adaptation characters include 12 kinds of agronomic traits and crude protein of 17 alfalfa varieties grown in the southwest Hunan province were analyzed by the Grey Correlative System,and the varieties assessment models were established.The results showed that Millenium,Powerplant,CW680 performed well,whereas Algonquin, Empress2000 had lower productive capability.The order of weighing index in the grey correlation analysis was:CP＞leaf length＞leaf width＞thick of stem＞height length＞regrowth rate＞length of taproot＞fresh /dry＞rootstalk diameter＞biomass per plant＞number lateral root＞leaf/stem＞fresh root weight.The results offered scientific evidence for introducing and extending alfalfa in sub-tropical regions of south China.
2.The daily change of net photosynthesis rate,conductance,transpiration rate and water utilization efficiency(WUE) of 16 kind of alfalfa at different level of fall-dormancy was measured by the Li-6400 Portable Photosynthesis System.The results showed that Algonquin,Overseason,Victoria、WL525、Salado、WL414、CW403、721Amerilea、Empress2000、Amerigaze701、Powerplant have the daily change laws with the double-submit shape in the Pn;and CW400、CW680、Lobo、Hunter River、Millenium have the daily change laws with the treble-submit shape in the Pn.Pn showed obvious "midday-rest" phenomenon in all 16 kinds of alfalfa.There have no remarkable relativity between the rule Pn change and fall-dormancy.Millenium,Amerigaze701,Powerplant have higher Pn,which was above 20μmolCO_2·m~(-2)·s~(-1);Amerigaze701、Lobo、WL525 have higher Tr、which was above 10mmolH_2O·m~(-2)·s~(-1);CW403、721Amerilea have higher WUE, which was above 5μmolCO_2/mmolH_2O.In the circumstance of southwest region of Hunan province,cultivar such as Powerplant,Millenium,Overseason,with higher Pn should be extend.
3.The content of Malondiadehyde,proline,catalase activity,superoxide dismutase activity of 17 varieties different fall dormancy was measured.The cluster analysis showed that the physiological and biochemical adaption can be compartmentalized to 4 sorts: Victoria,Powerplant,721Amerilea,CW400,Salado,Overseason,Millenium,CW403, Hunter River have the best integrated exhibition and adaptability.Amerigaze701,CW680, WL414,Lobo,WL525 have the moderate integrated exhibition and adaptability. Algonquin,Empress2000 have worse exhibition.The worst were 4RR753.
4.There were significant varieties on the morphology of all alfalfa root system in humid soil:the taproot was shorter and the number of lateral root was enormous.The obliquity between lateral root and soil plane was small.The morphology of lateral root was radiant,and centered at the taproot,became horizontal root system.The tine of root was rotten.The length of taproot showed rot degree of alfalfa.The variance analysis showed that the taproot length of Millenium is 28.80cm;its length was the longest in all verities. The taproot length of Powerplant,Overseason,CW680,HunterRiver,Salado, 721Amerileaf,Amerigaze701,Victoria was second-best.The taproot length of Algonquin was the shortest.The adaptive capability to soil was different to alfalfa varieties.The exhibition of lateral root was different after taproot injured.The taproot of Salado injured worst,but has the most and longest lateral root,and under-ground biomass/plant is the greatest.These mean that Salado adapted to soil greatly.Although taproot of Algonquin injured,their lateral also short,it show that their adaptation to soil is bad.
1.对17个苜蓿品种在湘西南地区的生长适应性性状指标包括12项农艺性状指标与粗蛋白含量进行了灰色关联分析,并建立品种适应性综合评价模型。结果表明,在湘西南地区表现较好的苜蓿品种有盛世、丰宝、CW680等,而阿尔冈金、皇后2000品种的生产性能较差:各项指标的权重大小顺序为:粗蛋白＞叶长＞叶宽＞茎粗＞株高＞再生速度＞主根长＞鲜干比＞根颈直径＞单株干重＞侧根数目＞茎叶比＞根系鲜重,可为南方亚热带地区苜蓿引种和推广提供科学的依据。
2.利用Li-6400XT光合速率测定系统测定了16种不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率的日变化。试验结果表明:阿尔冈金、四季旺、维多利亚、WL525、萨兰多、WL414、CW403、721丰叶、皇后2000、牧歌701、丰宝呈双峰型,而CW400、CW680、路宝、猎人河、盛世呈三峰型。16个品种净光合速率日变化均出现午休现象,其变化规律与秋眠级没有相关性。盛世、牧歌701、丰宝净光合速率较高,20μmolCO_2·m~(-2)·s~(-1)以上;WL525、路宝、牧歌701蒸腾速率较高,均在10mmolH_2O·m~(-2)·s~(-1)以上;丰叶721、CW403水分利用率较高,达5μmolCO_2/mmolH_2O以上。在湘西南地区环境气候条件下,盛世、丰宝、四季旺等光合能力较强的品种可推广种植。
3.对17个不同秋眠级苜蓿品种的丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性进行测定,聚类分析结果表明,17个苜蓿品种的生理生化适应性区分为4大类:维多利亚、丰宝、丰叶721、CW400、萨兰多、四季旺、盛世、CW403、猎人河为一类,该类群综合表现最好,适应性最强;牧歌701、CW680、WL414、路宝、WL525为一类,该类群综合表现中等;阿尔冈金、皇后2000为一类,这一类群适应性较差;4RR753为一类该类适应性最差。
4.在引种地土壤中,不同秋眠级苜蓿品种的根系形态发生显著变化,主根变短侧根发达,侧根与土壤平面的倾角较小,以主根为中心呈辐射状,呈水平根系。苜蓿主根根尖腐烂,主根的长度反映出根系的腐烂程度,方差分析结果表明:盛世的主根最长达28.80cm,其次是丰宝、四季旺、CW680、猎人河、萨兰多、丰叶721、牧歌701、维多利亚;阿尔冈金的主根较短,腐烂最严重。不同品种对土壤的适应能力不同,主根受伤后侧根的表现不一,萨兰多的主根受损程度最大,但侧根较多,平均侧根最长,单株地下生物量最大,表明对潮湿土壤适应能力强;阿尔冈金的主根受伤,但侧根也不发达,土壤适应性较差。
Fall dormant and soil pH value were two of the important factors that limit the introduction of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) to south China.At the present time,the introduction of alfalfa to south was in the earlier experimentation period.The study of different level of fall-dormancy alfalfa focused on the evaluation of yield,but the systemic and in-depth research on productive capability,physiological and ecological adaptability under heat-humid weather condition were absent.17 different level of fall-dormancy alfalfa from different country was introduced as experimental materials in this study.The production capability,photosynthesis performance,physiological and biochemical characters,modality of roots were compared between each material under heat-humid condition of southwest Hunan province.Through two years study,the main results are as follows.
1.In this study,adaptation characters include 12 kinds of agronomic traits and crude protein of 17 alfalfa varieties grown in the southwest Hunan province were analyzed by the Grey Correlative System,and the varieties assessment models were established.The results showed that Millenium,Powerplant,CW680 performed well,whereas Algonquin, Empress2000 had lower productive capability.The order of weighing index in the grey correlation analysis was:CP＞leaf length＞leaf width＞thick of stem＞height length＞regrowth rate＞length of taproot＞fresh /dry＞rootstalk diameter＞biomass per plant＞number lateral root＞leaf/stem＞fresh root weight.The results offered scientific evidence for introducing and extending alfalfa in sub-tropical regions of south China.
2.The daily change of net photosynthesis rate,conductance,transpiration rate and water utilization efficiency(WUE) of 16 kind of alfalfa at different level of fall-dormancy was measured by the Li-6400 Portable Photosynthesis System.The results showed that Algonquin,Overseason,Victoria、WL525、Salado、WL414、CW403、721Amerilea、Empress2000、Amerigaze701、Powerplant have the daily change laws with the double-submit shape in the Pn;and CW400、CW680、Lobo、Hunter River、Millenium have the daily change laws with the treble-submit shape in the Pn.Pn showed obvious "midday-rest" phenomenon in all 16 kinds of alfalfa.There have no remarkable relativity between the rule Pn change and fall-dormancy.Millenium,Amerigaze701,Powerplant have higher Pn,which was above 20μmolCO_2·m~(-2)·s~(-1);Amerigaze701、Lobo、WL525 have higher Tr、which was above 10mmolH_2O·m~(-2)·s~(-1);CW403、721Amerilea have higher WUE, which was above 5μmolCO_2/mmolH_2O.In the circumstance of southwest region of Hunan province,cultivar such as Powerplant,Millenium,Overseason,with higher Pn should be extend.
3.The content of Malondiadehyde,proline,catalase activity,superoxide dismutase activity of 17 varieties different fall dormancy was measured.The cluster analysis showed that the physiological and biochemical adaption can be compartmentalized to 4 sorts: Victoria,Powerplant,721Amerilea,CW400,Salado,Overseason,Millenium,CW403, Hunter River have the best integrated exhibition and adaptability.Amerigaze701,CW680, WL414,Lobo,WL525 have the moderate integrated exhibition and adaptability. Algonquin,Empress2000 have worse exhibition.The worst were 4RR753.
4.There were significant varieties on the morphology of all alfalfa root system in humid soil:the taproot was shorter and the number of lateral root was enormous.The obliquity between lateral root and soil plane was small.The morphology of lateral root was radiant,and centered at the taproot,became horizontal root system.The tine of root was rotten.The length of taproot showed rot degree of alfalfa.The variance analysis showed that the taproot length of Millenium is 28.80cm;its length was the longest in all verities. The taproot length of Powerplant,Overseason,CW680,HunterRiver,Salado, 721Amerileaf,Amerigaze701,Victoria was second-best.The taproot length of Algonquin was the shortest.The adaptive capability to soil was different to alfalfa varieties.The exhibition of lateral root was different after taproot injured.The taproot of Salado injured worst,but has the most and longest lateral root,and under-ground biomass/plant is the greatest.These mean that Salado adapted to soil greatly.Although taproot of Algonquin injured,their lateral also short,it show that their adaptation to soil is bad.
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