贵州镇远江古钒矿矿床地质地球化学特征
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摘要
研究区大地构造位置处于一级构造单元扬子准地台西南缘与江南造山带(华南褶皱带)的过渡带之江古铅锌矿区至都匀小区。区域地层属凯里一台江小区,出露青白口系下江群、震旦系一寒武系地层。青白口系下江群与震旦系陡山沱组、震旦系陡山沱组与震旦至寒武系留茶坡组均呈整合接触关系。受武陵构造运动、加里东构造运动和后期江南造山运动的影响,区内前寒武系基底构造层与早古生代构造层形成一系列北东向、北北东向断层和褶皱(向斜、背斜)。镇远江古钒矿矿床处于区域性黔东湘西北海盆东界的武汉—凤凰—铜仁—三都断裂和西界的宜昌—都匀—贵阳深大断裂断夹块内这样一个构造较为复杂而强烈的特殊位置。本区主要的含矿建造为震旦至寒武系一套黑色沉积岩系。矿床赋存在此沉积建造层的中下部层位,以含碳、硅质复理石建造为其主要的成矿建造,以岩石具有碳—硅质—泥质沉积岩高频叠置细碎屑岩系组合为特征。
镇远江古钒矿矿床含矿岩系—震旦至寒武系留茶坡组和寒武系九门冲组第一岩性段属黑色岩系,由薄互层重晶石—碳—泥—硅质板岩、泥板岩、硅质岩组成,该岩系为早寒武世陆棚边缘伸展裂陷浅海滞留缺氧环境下,由热水喷流沉积形成。矿区范围内共发现三层矿体(Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ号),从下至上分别为Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号和Ⅲ号矿体,均可采,其中Ⅰ号矿体在区内最为稳定,厚度变化较Ⅱ和Ⅲ号小,从下至上逐渐变薄且具稳定—较稳定—不稳定、位于最上面的Ⅲ号矿层局部有尖灭现象。矿石主要矿物成分为粘土矿物、玉髓、方解石、炭质、陆源碎屑,莓球状黄铁矿、硅质、重晶石、铁质、石英等。矿石结构主要为显微鳞片状结构、粉砂状结构、含生物屑微—隐晶结构、胶状结构、微晶—鳞片结构等;矿石构造主要为硅质基底及内碎屑或硅质、白云石、绿泥石及少量陆源碎屑、粘土矿物、炭质呈层偏集呈层纹状构造、层状构造、层纹—条纹—条带状构造、条带—条纹状构造及微层构造等。
通过江古钒矿矿床岩(矿)石化学全分析、微量元素、稀土元素、同位素及有机地球化学等分析测试和总结前人的成果资料,并结合研究区大地构造背景分析、岩相古地理分析及矿床地质地球化学的分析形成如下认识:
(1)本论文在学习前人及矿区地质实际工作中,在认证研究区的弧后盆地的基础上,发现沉积物源有来自盆地边缘的一些线索;根据岩相古地理的工作,进而确定了赋矿岩系—震旦至寒武系留茶坡组和寒武系九门冲组第一段沉积环境应为以垂向沉积方式为主的水深相对较大、水体较宁静的陆棚边缘深海一半深海滞留缺氧环境。下寒武统九门冲组第二岩性段主要为灰岩,应为水深相对较浅与较动荡的浅海陆棚沉积环境。
(2)根据研究区热水沉积主要矿化矿物莓球状黄铁矿、有机碳—磷吸附钒等成矿物质及其矿化蚀变特征:热水沉积重晶石脉—石英—碳酸盐、黄铁矿莓球、机碳—磷吸附钒等成矿物质及多量二射硅质海绵骨针的发现,认为区内钒矿的成矿期,正是早寒武世“成磷期”。
(3)通过矿相显微镜、含钒矿石化学物相分析、矿石粒度与钒含量关系分析表明:未见钒的独立矿物,钒主要赋存于云母类矿物中,次为钒赋存在氧化铁、高岭土类矿物中,极少量钒赋存在电气石、石榴石中。说明云母类矿物和氧化铁、高岭土类矿物是主要的载体矿物。矿石的泥化程度小,随着矿石粒度的降低,钒的品位随之提高,这说明钒主要赋存在易磨碎部分的矿物中。
(4)依据矿床产出于元古代—早古生代沉积地层中,矿床常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的变化和分布形式判断硅质岩为热水沉积的产物,矿床类型应为海底热水(液)喷流型矿床,进一步确立了矿床控矿因素。
(5)确立了四种找矿标志:区域上寒武系下统九门冲组和跨系地层留茶坡组是找该类型钒矿床的地层标志;震旦至寒武系留茶坡组地层中的黑色薄层硅质岩与黑色炭质页岩组合或黑色炭质页岩是寻找该类型钒矿的直接标志;黑色含磷结核、绿泥石炭质页岩或粉砂岩是其寻找该类型钒矿的间接找矿标志;伴生元素钒、铀、钼、镍等是寻找该类型钒矿床的间接标志。
Tectonic location of the studying area was is located in the transition strip of the western rim of the Yangzi Paraplatform and Huanan folded,which belongs to Jianggu lead-zinc field to Douyun's district.Regional stratigraphy belongs to Kaili-Taijiang' district,outcrop is from Qingbaikou slope Xiajiang Group and Sinian to Cambrian strata, upper Sinian Doushantuo formation parallel conformity from old QingBaikou slope Xiajiang Group and lower Cambrian Liuchapo formation parallel conformity from the underlying Sinian Doushantuo formation.A series of north-east,NNE faults and folds(synclines or anticlines) were composed of basement'tectono-stratigraphy of precambrian and cover' tectono stratigraphy of lower Paleozoic by the impact of Wuling tectonic movement and Caledonian orogeny and the late Jiangnan orogeny.Jianggu Vanadium Ore Deposit situated in the special place where is eastern of Guizhou and Northwestern deep-sea basin of Hunan Province and the territorial deep-great faults of Wuhan-Fenghuang-Tongren-Sandou and Yechang-Douyun-Guiyang is intercross and tectonic deformation is intricate and intense. The main ore-bearing construction area is the Sinian to Cambrian sedimentary rocks of a black.
Deposits located in the construction layer of the lower layer which have the main characteristics of the carbon and siliceous flysch construction of the ore-forming,and a high-frequency overlay shale fine clastic sedimentary rocks about the combinationsof Carbon -siliceous-Argillaceous sedimentary rocks.
Ore-bearing rock series of Jianggu Vanadium Ore Deposit in Zhenyuan county belongs to black rock series which is composed of Sinian to Cambrian Liuchapo formation and No.1 and No.2 segment of lower Cambrian Jiumenchong formation,which contains thin-interbed barite-carbonaceous-slimy-silicic slate and slimy slate and quartzite.This rock series was formed from hydrothermal exhalative sediment in extend rift valley of margin of shelf in early Cambrian where the depth of sea is deep to sub-deep and current is stagnant and oxygen is scarce.
There are three Orebodies(No.1 and No.Ⅱand No.Ⅲ) been surveyed in this area,which Followed by No.1 and No.Ⅱand No.Ⅲfrom bottom to top and exploitated by human.No.1 orebody which is the most stable in the region,and the thickness changes of which is smaller than No.Ⅱor No.Ⅲ.They gradually thinned and belongs to stable-more stable-unstable from the bottom to top.No.Ⅲorebody at the top have pointed out the phenomenon of partial.The main mineral composition of the Vanadium ores have the clay minerals,chalcedony,calcite, carbon,land-based sources of debris,strawberry spherical pyrite,silica,barite,iron,quartz and so on.The main structures of Ores have micro-scale-like structures,silt-like structure, including bio-chip micro-cryptocrystalline structure,colloidal structure,ceramics-scale structure and so on;The main constructions of Ores have silica substrate,intraclastic or siliceous,Dolomite,chlorite and a small amount of terrigenous clastic,clay minerals, carbonaceous,which of them Show laminated structure,layered structure,layer patterns-stripes-banded structure,stripe-stripe-like structures and micro structures such as layers.
Above all,we can draw a conclusion from the study on the bulk analyses chemistry, trace element,isotope,REE and Organic Geochemistry analyses,and summing up the results of previous information from rocks or ores of Jianggu Vanadium Ore Deposit,and combining with the analysis of tectonic background,lithofacies geography and geochemistry of deposit:
(1) The paper find some clues that the source of sediment substance come from the edge of basin on the basis of former study work and confirm Back-arc basin.According to lithofacies ancient geography study,we can make it sure that the Ore-bearing rock series of Vanadium Ore-Sinian to Cambrian Liuchapo formation and No.1 and No.2 segment of lower Cambrian Jiumenchong formation,the depositional environment of which belongs to the relatively large water depth,water shelf in a quieter half of the edge of the deep to sub-deep and current is stagnant and oxygen is scarce.The lithology of the No.2 segment of lower Cambrian Jiumenchong formation is mainly limestone,and should be a relatively shallow depth of sedimentary environment and should be more turbulent shallow shelf depositional environment.
(2) According to these main mineralized minerals such as corchorifolius spherical mineral pyrite,organic carbon-phosphorus adsorption of vanadium minerals and these characteristics of the mineralization and alteration of Ores and on the discovery of much Second shot siliceous sponge bone needles,We may think that the area of the ore-forming stage of vanadium ore,it is Early Cambrian "period as phosphorus."
(3) Mineral phase Microscopy analysis,chemical phase analysis of Ore containing vanadium,the reletionnship analysis of Ore size and Vanadium' content through the rock or ore shows that there is no independent vanadium minerals,and the main occurrence of vanadium minerals is in the mica,a small amount of vanadium ore was locoated in iron oxide,kaolin-type minerals,and a very small amount of vanadium given the existence of tourmaline,garnet in.It implies that mica and iron oxide minerals,kaolin minerals is the main carrier of minerals.With the ore particle size reduction of the grade of vanadium increases,the clay degree of minerals is small,which indicats the existence of vanadium Fu Yi major part of the minerals in the ground.
(4) Jianggu Vanadium Ore Deposit located in the sediment stratum of Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic.According to the change and distribution of the major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements,it shows that siliceous sedimentary rocks are the products of the hot water deposition.So,the types should be the hot water(liquid) jet-type deposits,and we may further establish ore-controlling factors of the deposit.
(5) Prospecting criteria established four:In district,Sinian to Cambrian Liuchapo formation and lower Cambrian Jiumenchong formation are the strata signs of looking for this type of vanadium deposit.thin black carbonaceous shale and silicalite shale combination or black carbonaceous shale located in Sinian to Cambrian Formation are the direct signs of looking for this type of vanadium deposit.black phosphorus tuberculosis,chlorite carbonaceous shale or siltstone is the indirect signs of looking for this type of vanadium deposit;associated element vanadium,uranium,molybdenum,nickel and others are is the indirect signs of looking for this type of vanadium deposit.
镇远江古钒矿矿床含矿岩系—震旦至寒武系留茶坡组和寒武系九门冲组第一岩性段属黑色岩系,由薄互层重晶石—碳—泥—硅质板岩、泥板岩、硅质岩组成,该岩系为早寒武世陆棚边缘伸展裂陷浅海滞留缺氧环境下,由热水喷流沉积形成。矿区范围内共发现三层矿体(Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ号),从下至上分别为Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号和Ⅲ号矿体,均可采,其中Ⅰ号矿体在区内最为稳定,厚度变化较Ⅱ和Ⅲ号小,从下至上逐渐变薄且具稳定—较稳定—不稳定、位于最上面的Ⅲ号矿层局部有尖灭现象。矿石主要矿物成分为粘土矿物、玉髓、方解石、炭质、陆源碎屑,莓球状黄铁矿、硅质、重晶石、铁质、石英等。矿石结构主要为显微鳞片状结构、粉砂状结构、含生物屑微—隐晶结构、胶状结构、微晶—鳞片结构等;矿石构造主要为硅质基底及内碎屑或硅质、白云石、绿泥石及少量陆源碎屑、粘土矿物、炭质呈层偏集呈层纹状构造、层状构造、层纹—条纹—条带状构造、条带—条纹状构造及微层构造等。
通过江古钒矿矿床岩(矿)石化学全分析、微量元素、稀土元素、同位素及有机地球化学等分析测试和总结前人的成果资料,并结合研究区大地构造背景分析、岩相古地理分析及矿床地质地球化学的分析形成如下认识:
(1)本论文在学习前人及矿区地质实际工作中,在认证研究区的弧后盆地的基础上,发现沉积物源有来自盆地边缘的一些线索;根据岩相古地理的工作,进而确定了赋矿岩系—震旦至寒武系留茶坡组和寒武系九门冲组第一段沉积环境应为以垂向沉积方式为主的水深相对较大、水体较宁静的陆棚边缘深海一半深海滞留缺氧环境。下寒武统九门冲组第二岩性段主要为灰岩,应为水深相对较浅与较动荡的浅海陆棚沉积环境。
(2)根据研究区热水沉积主要矿化矿物莓球状黄铁矿、有机碳—磷吸附钒等成矿物质及其矿化蚀变特征:热水沉积重晶石脉—石英—碳酸盐、黄铁矿莓球、机碳—磷吸附钒等成矿物质及多量二射硅质海绵骨针的发现,认为区内钒矿的成矿期,正是早寒武世“成磷期”。
(3)通过矿相显微镜、含钒矿石化学物相分析、矿石粒度与钒含量关系分析表明:未见钒的独立矿物,钒主要赋存于云母类矿物中,次为钒赋存在氧化铁、高岭土类矿物中,极少量钒赋存在电气石、石榴石中。说明云母类矿物和氧化铁、高岭土类矿物是主要的载体矿物。矿石的泥化程度小,随着矿石粒度的降低,钒的品位随之提高,这说明钒主要赋存在易磨碎部分的矿物中。
(4)依据矿床产出于元古代—早古生代沉积地层中,矿床常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的变化和分布形式判断硅质岩为热水沉积的产物,矿床类型应为海底热水(液)喷流型矿床,进一步确立了矿床控矿因素。
(5)确立了四种找矿标志:区域上寒武系下统九门冲组和跨系地层留茶坡组是找该类型钒矿床的地层标志;震旦至寒武系留茶坡组地层中的黑色薄层硅质岩与黑色炭质页岩组合或黑色炭质页岩是寻找该类型钒矿的直接标志;黑色含磷结核、绿泥石炭质页岩或粉砂岩是其寻找该类型钒矿的间接找矿标志;伴生元素钒、铀、钼、镍等是寻找该类型钒矿床的间接标志。
Tectonic location of the studying area was is located in the transition strip of the western rim of the Yangzi Paraplatform and Huanan folded,which belongs to Jianggu lead-zinc field to Douyun's district.Regional stratigraphy belongs to Kaili-Taijiang' district,outcrop is from Qingbaikou slope Xiajiang Group and Sinian to Cambrian strata, upper Sinian Doushantuo formation parallel conformity from old QingBaikou slope Xiajiang Group and lower Cambrian Liuchapo formation parallel conformity from the underlying Sinian Doushantuo formation.A series of north-east,NNE faults and folds(synclines or anticlines) were composed of basement'tectono-stratigraphy of precambrian and cover' tectono stratigraphy of lower Paleozoic by the impact of Wuling tectonic movement and Caledonian orogeny and the late Jiangnan orogeny.Jianggu Vanadium Ore Deposit situated in the special place where is eastern of Guizhou and Northwestern deep-sea basin of Hunan Province and the territorial deep-great faults of Wuhan-Fenghuang-Tongren-Sandou and Yechang-Douyun-Guiyang is intercross and tectonic deformation is intricate and intense. The main ore-bearing construction area is the Sinian to Cambrian sedimentary rocks of a black.
Deposits located in the construction layer of the lower layer which have the main characteristics of the carbon and siliceous flysch construction of the ore-forming,and a high-frequency overlay shale fine clastic sedimentary rocks about the combinationsof Carbon -siliceous-Argillaceous sedimentary rocks.
Ore-bearing rock series of Jianggu Vanadium Ore Deposit in Zhenyuan county belongs to black rock series which is composed of Sinian to Cambrian Liuchapo formation and No.1 and No.2 segment of lower Cambrian Jiumenchong formation,which contains thin-interbed barite-carbonaceous-slimy-silicic slate and slimy slate and quartzite.This rock series was formed from hydrothermal exhalative sediment in extend rift valley of margin of shelf in early Cambrian where the depth of sea is deep to sub-deep and current is stagnant and oxygen is scarce.
There are three Orebodies(No.1 and No.Ⅱand No.Ⅲ) been surveyed in this area,which Followed by No.1 and No.Ⅱand No.Ⅲfrom bottom to top and exploitated by human.No.1 orebody which is the most stable in the region,and the thickness changes of which is smaller than No.Ⅱor No.Ⅲ.They gradually thinned and belongs to stable-more stable-unstable from the bottom to top.No.Ⅲorebody at the top have pointed out the phenomenon of partial.The main mineral composition of the Vanadium ores have the clay minerals,chalcedony,calcite, carbon,land-based sources of debris,strawberry spherical pyrite,silica,barite,iron,quartz and so on.The main structures of Ores have micro-scale-like structures,silt-like structure, including bio-chip micro-cryptocrystalline structure,colloidal structure,ceramics-scale structure and so on;The main constructions of Ores have silica substrate,intraclastic or siliceous,Dolomite,chlorite and a small amount of terrigenous clastic,clay minerals, carbonaceous,which of them Show laminated structure,layered structure,layer patterns-stripes-banded structure,stripe-stripe-like structures and micro structures such as layers.
Above all,we can draw a conclusion from the study on the bulk analyses chemistry, trace element,isotope,REE and Organic Geochemistry analyses,and summing up the results of previous information from rocks or ores of Jianggu Vanadium Ore Deposit,and combining with the analysis of tectonic background,lithofacies geography and geochemistry of deposit:
(1) The paper find some clues that the source of sediment substance come from the edge of basin on the basis of former study work and confirm Back-arc basin.According to lithofacies ancient geography study,we can make it sure that the Ore-bearing rock series of Vanadium Ore-Sinian to Cambrian Liuchapo formation and No.1 and No.2 segment of lower Cambrian Jiumenchong formation,the depositional environment of which belongs to the relatively large water depth,water shelf in a quieter half of the edge of the deep to sub-deep and current is stagnant and oxygen is scarce.The lithology of the No.2 segment of lower Cambrian Jiumenchong formation is mainly limestone,and should be a relatively shallow depth of sedimentary environment and should be more turbulent shallow shelf depositional environment.
(2) According to these main mineralized minerals such as corchorifolius spherical mineral pyrite,organic carbon-phosphorus adsorption of vanadium minerals and these characteristics of the mineralization and alteration of Ores and on the discovery of much Second shot siliceous sponge bone needles,We may think that the area of the ore-forming stage of vanadium ore,it is Early Cambrian "period as phosphorus."
(3) Mineral phase Microscopy analysis,chemical phase analysis of Ore containing vanadium,the reletionnship analysis of Ore size and Vanadium' content through the rock or ore shows that there is no independent vanadium minerals,and the main occurrence of vanadium minerals is in the mica,a small amount of vanadium ore was locoated in iron oxide,kaolin-type minerals,and a very small amount of vanadium given the existence of tourmaline,garnet in.It implies that mica and iron oxide minerals,kaolin minerals is the main carrier of minerals.With the ore particle size reduction of the grade of vanadium increases,the clay degree of minerals is small,which indicats the existence of vanadium Fu Yi major part of the minerals in the ground.
(4) Jianggu Vanadium Ore Deposit located in the sediment stratum of Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic.According to the change and distribution of the major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements,it shows that siliceous sedimentary rocks are the products of the hot water deposition.So,the types should be the hot water(liquid) jet-type deposits,and we may further establish ore-controlling factors of the deposit.
(5) Prospecting criteria established four:In district,Sinian to Cambrian Liuchapo formation and lower Cambrian Jiumenchong formation are the strata signs of looking for this type of vanadium deposit.thin black carbonaceous shale and silicalite shale combination or black carbonaceous shale located in Sinian to Cambrian Formation are the direct signs of looking for this type of vanadium deposit.black phosphorus tuberculosis,chlorite carbonaceous shale or siltstone is the indirect signs of looking for this type of vanadium deposit;associated element vanadium,uranium,molybdenum,nickel and others are is the indirect signs of looking for this type of vanadium deposit.
引文
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