鞍山城市震害防御对策研究
摘要
鞍山地处华北断裂块区郯城-庐江断裂带北延带,市区内断裂发育,地质结构复杂。建国以来辽宁地区发生的两次破坏性地震(1975年海城7.3级、1999年岫岩5.4级)均在此区,未来仍具有发生强震的危险性,被国务院列为地震危险监视防御区。鞍山是中国重要的钢铁基地,2008年地区生产总值突破1600亿元,综合实力位于全国50强之列。随着鞍山城市化进程的加快,生活、生产等基础设施规模迅速扩大,市区人口密度和财富愈发集中,一旦遭遇强震将会造成难以估量的人员和财产损失。因此,搞好城市震害防御是保障经济社会可持续发展、构建和谐鞍山的关键。
为了充分认识城市震害防御工作在促进发展、维护稳定中的作用,提高鞍山城市震害防御的综合能力,更好的保障人民生命财产安全,本文着眼于当前鞍山城市震害防御工作中存在的问题,探究了产生问题的原因,并通过总结国内城市震害防御好的经验和做法,提出针对鞍山城市特点的震害防御对策:一是科学编制鞍山城市抗震规划以量化城市的震害防御工作;二是建立并完善鞍山城市震害防御决策系统,做到胸中有数、临震不乱;三是针对鞍山的地质构造特点、发震模式,建立鞍山地震预报预警系统;四是提高建筑物抗震设防等级,增强市区建筑的抗震能力;五是整合鞍山震害防御资源,建立社会动员机制。
本文通过研究、分析、归纳、总结,力求为建立和完善鞍山城市震害防御体系,最大限度地减轻地震灾害,以维护鞍山经济社会的和谐发展做出有益而积极的探索。
Anshan is situated at north the North China break block area Tancheng - Lujiang fault zone to extend the belt, in the urban district breaks the growth, the geological structure is complex. Since the founding of the nation the Liaoning area has occurred two ruinous earthquake (in 1975 the Haicheng 7.3 magnitude, in 1999 siuyen 5.4 magnitude) in this area, in the future still had have macroseism risk, is listed as the earthquake danger surveillance defensive area by the State Council. Anshan is China important Metallurgical base, in 2008 the area total output value tops 160,000,000,000 Yuan, comprehensive strength located at national 50 strong rows. Along with Anshan urbanization advancement's quickening, infrastructure scales and so on life, production expand rapidly, the urban population density and the wealth increasingly concentrate, once bitter experience macroseism will create the personnel who and the property damage will estimate with difficulty. Therefore, does well the urban earthquake damage defense is the safeguard economic society sustainable development, the construction harmonious Anshan's key.
To understand fully the urban earthquake damage defense work in the promotion development, the maintenance stable function, enhances Anshan city earthquake damage defense synthesizing capacity, the better safeguard people personal safety and property, this article focuses the question which exists in the current Anshan city earthquake damage defense work, inquired into has the question reason, and defends the good experience and the procedure through the summary domestic city earthquake damage, proposes in view of Anshan city characteristic earthquake damage defense countermeasure: First, the science establishes Anshan city earthquake resistance plan by the quantification city earthquake damage defense work; Second, establishes and consummates Anshan city earthquake damage defense decision system, achieves confidently, near shakes not chaotically; Third, in view of Anshan's geologic structure characteristic, shakes the pattern, establishes Anshan earthquake prediction early warning system; Fourth, enhances the building earthquake resistance fortification rank, strengthens the urban district construction earthquake resistance ability; Fifth, the conformity Anshan earthquake damage defense resources, establish the society to mobilize the mechanism.
This article through the research, the analysis, the induction, the summary, makes every effort to establish and to consummate Anshan city earthquake damage defensive system, maximum limit reduces the earthquake disaster, maintains the Anshan economic society's accord development to make beneficial and the positive exploration.
为了充分认识城市震害防御工作在促进发展、维护稳定中的作用,提高鞍山城市震害防御的综合能力,更好的保障人民生命财产安全,本文着眼于当前鞍山城市震害防御工作中存在的问题,探究了产生问题的原因,并通过总结国内城市震害防御好的经验和做法,提出针对鞍山城市特点的震害防御对策:一是科学编制鞍山城市抗震规划以量化城市的震害防御工作;二是建立并完善鞍山城市震害防御决策系统,做到胸中有数、临震不乱;三是针对鞍山的地质构造特点、发震模式,建立鞍山地震预报预警系统;四是提高建筑物抗震设防等级,增强市区建筑的抗震能力;五是整合鞍山震害防御资源,建立社会动员机制。
本文通过研究、分析、归纳、总结,力求为建立和完善鞍山城市震害防御体系,最大限度地减轻地震灾害,以维护鞍山经济社会的和谐发展做出有益而积极的探索。
Anshan is situated at north the North China break block area Tancheng - Lujiang fault zone to extend the belt, in the urban district breaks the growth, the geological structure is complex. Since the founding of the nation the Liaoning area has occurred two ruinous earthquake (in 1975 the Haicheng 7.3 magnitude, in 1999 siuyen 5.4 magnitude) in this area, in the future still had have macroseism risk, is listed as the earthquake danger surveillance defensive area by the State Council. Anshan is China important Metallurgical base, in 2008 the area total output value tops 160,000,000,000 Yuan, comprehensive strength located at national 50 strong rows. Along with Anshan urbanization advancement's quickening, infrastructure scales and so on life, production expand rapidly, the urban population density and the wealth increasingly concentrate, once bitter experience macroseism will create the personnel who and the property damage will estimate with difficulty. Therefore, does well the urban earthquake damage defense is the safeguard economic society sustainable development, the construction harmonious Anshan's key.
To understand fully the urban earthquake damage defense work in the promotion development, the maintenance stable function, enhances Anshan city earthquake damage defense synthesizing capacity, the better safeguard people personal safety and property, this article focuses the question which exists in the current Anshan city earthquake damage defense work, inquired into has the question reason, and defends the good experience and the procedure through the summary domestic city earthquake damage, proposes in view of Anshan city characteristic earthquake damage defense countermeasure: First, the science establishes Anshan city earthquake resistance plan by the quantification city earthquake damage defense work; Second, establishes and consummates Anshan city earthquake damage defense decision system, achieves confidently, near shakes not chaotically; Third, in view of Anshan's geologic structure characteristic, shakes the pattern, establishes Anshan earthquake prediction early warning system; Fourth, enhances the building earthquake resistance fortification rank, strengthens the urban district construction earthquake resistance ability; Fifth, the conformity Anshan earthquake damage defense resources, establish the society to mobilize the mechanism.
This article through the research, the analysis, the induction, the summary, makes every effort to establish and to consummate Anshan city earthquake damage defensive system, maximum limit reduces the earthquake disaster, maintains the Anshan economic society's accord development to make beneficial and the positive exploration.
引文
[1]张强.危机管理与城市发展,突发事件应急管理论文集[C].中国灾害防御协会,2007:35-37.
[2]宋瑞祥.纪念海城地震预报成功30周年[C].海城地震文集,中国地震局,2005:1-2.
[3]唐川.城市减灾研究综述,突发事件应急管理论文集[C].中国灾害防御协会,2007:50-51.
[4]陈建民.构建地震安全城市[J].地方地震工作,2005,(4):2-3.
[5]鞍山市政府公告[Z].2009:2.
[6]李树桢.地震灾害评估[M].北京:地震出版社,1995:1-2.
[7]孙文斌.中国大陆及其邻近地区7级以上强震分布特征[J].东北地震研究,2008,(3):3
[8]李四光.论地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1977:2.
[9]宋瑞祥.地震群测群防工作指南[M].北京:地震出版社,2004:2.
[10]中国地震局.国家地震应急预案[M].北京:地震出版社,2006:3.
[11]宋瑞祥.地震问答[M].北京:地震出版社,1975:2.
[12]吴宝东.面对地震灾害的政府危机管理[J].地方地震工作,2006,(3):25.
[13]高继宗.中国震灾报道[J].防灾博览,2003,(1):27.
[14]海林.海源地震[J].城市与减灾,2008,(3):6.
[15]方圆.科学面对地震[J].城市与减灾,2008,(3):2-8.
[16]高文学.地震灾害及其对策,灾害灾害经济[M].北京:中国城市经济社会出版社,1988:108-114.
[17]王子平.地震社会学初探[M].北京:地震出版社,1989:87.
[18]杜一.灾害与灾害经济[M].北京:中国城市经济社会出版社,1988:108.
[19]罗伯斯·希斯.危机管理[M].北京:中信出版社,2001:95.
[20]陈福金.公共危机管理[M].北京:人民出版社,2006:34.
[21]翟宝辉.城市综合防灾[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2004:56.
[22]王丰.应急管理—城市地震篇[J].城市与与减灾,2008,(3):24.
[23]杜一.灾害与灾害经济[M].北京:中国城市经济社会出版社,1988:76.
[24]杜一.灾害与灾害经济[M].北京:中国城市经济社会出版社,1988:88.
[25]孙书海.城市防震减灾公众适应新形势发展的有效途径[J].地方地震工作,2004,(3):53
[26]赵京风.城市发展中的震害防御[J].城市与减灾2006,(3):12
[27]康仲远.墨西哥地震和洛杉矶地震[J].灾害学,1977,(1):64-66.
[28]鞍山市行政区划手册[Z].2004:2.
[29]朱凤鸣,吴戈.1975年海城地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1982:2-6.
[30]宋瑞祥.地震群测群防工作指南[M].北京:地震出版社,2004:17-18.
[31]戴国泰.鞍山市地震志[M].沈阳:辽海出版社,1998:36-39.
[32]吴明大.鞍山市三条断裂的探测与研究报告[Z].1997:7-10.
[33]雷清清,廖旭.辽宁省主要活动断层与地震活动特征分析[J].震灾防御技术,2008,(2):115.
[34]肖杰.乌恰新城[J].城市与减灾,2006,(6):1.
[35]郑传杰.以人为本制订切实可行的县级市防震减灾规划[J].城市与减灾,2005,(5):27.
[36]翟宝辉.城市综合防灾[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:36-37.
[37]刘晓亮.关注城市安全建设[J].城市与减灾,2008,(3):25-28.
[38]江明,李和清.依法管理整体推进把防震减灾工作提高到新水平[J].地方地震工作,2006,(2):1-2.
[39]枣庄市地震局.发展中的枣庄防震减灾事业[J].防灾博览,2007,(3):26.
[40]李树森.加强地方地震灾害防御工作措施[J].震害防御与法制建设,2008,(1):23-24.
[41]陈运泰.地震预报要知难而进[J].科技导报,2008,(10):19.
[42]陈江驰.为构建和谐社会提供有力的服务与保障[J].城市与减灾,2007,(1):19.
[43]马东辉.城市抗震防灾规划标准实施指南[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:4.
[44]廖旭.鞍山市抗震设防区划与震害预测研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2006:228-232.
[45]孙文斌.我国东北地区地震时空演变特征及其动力学研究[J].东北地震研究,2005,(2):3-7.
[46]张书栋.辽宁岫岩—海城5.4级地震[M].北京:地震出版社,2004:34.
[47]肖兰喜.邢台震区深部构造与强震孕育关系的探讨[J].1999,(6):598-603.
[48]王子平.地震社会学初探[M].北京:地震出版社,1989:99.
[2]宋瑞祥.纪念海城地震预报成功30周年[C].海城地震文集,中国地震局,2005:1-2.
[3]唐川.城市减灾研究综述,突发事件应急管理论文集[C].中国灾害防御协会,2007:50-51.
[4]陈建民.构建地震安全城市[J].地方地震工作,2005,(4):2-3.
[5]鞍山市政府公告[Z].2009:2.
[6]李树桢.地震灾害评估[M].北京:地震出版社,1995:1-2.
[7]孙文斌.中国大陆及其邻近地区7级以上强震分布特征[J].东北地震研究,2008,(3):3
[8]李四光.论地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1977:2.
[9]宋瑞祥.地震群测群防工作指南[M].北京:地震出版社,2004:2.
[10]中国地震局.国家地震应急预案[M].北京:地震出版社,2006:3.
[11]宋瑞祥.地震问答[M].北京:地震出版社,1975:2.
[12]吴宝东.面对地震灾害的政府危机管理[J].地方地震工作,2006,(3):25.
[13]高继宗.中国震灾报道[J].防灾博览,2003,(1):27.
[14]海林.海源地震[J].城市与减灾,2008,(3):6.
[15]方圆.科学面对地震[J].城市与减灾,2008,(3):2-8.
[16]高文学.地震灾害及其对策,灾害灾害经济[M].北京:中国城市经济社会出版社,1988:108-114.
[17]王子平.地震社会学初探[M].北京:地震出版社,1989:87.
[18]杜一.灾害与灾害经济[M].北京:中国城市经济社会出版社,1988:108.
[19]罗伯斯·希斯.危机管理[M].北京:中信出版社,2001:95.
[20]陈福金.公共危机管理[M].北京:人民出版社,2006:34.
[21]翟宝辉.城市综合防灾[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2004:56.
[22]王丰.应急管理—城市地震篇[J].城市与与减灾,2008,(3):24.
[23]杜一.灾害与灾害经济[M].北京:中国城市经济社会出版社,1988:76.
[24]杜一.灾害与灾害经济[M].北京:中国城市经济社会出版社,1988:88.
[25]孙书海.城市防震减灾公众适应新形势发展的有效途径[J].地方地震工作,2004,(3):53
[26]赵京风.城市发展中的震害防御[J].城市与减灾2006,(3):12
[27]康仲远.墨西哥地震和洛杉矶地震[J].灾害学,1977,(1):64-66.
[28]鞍山市行政区划手册[Z].2004:2.
[29]朱凤鸣,吴戈.1975年海城地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1982:2-6.
[30]宋瑞祥.地震群测群防工作指南[M].北京:地震出版社,2004:17-18.
[31]戴国泰.鞍山市地震志[M].沈阳:辽海出版社,1998:36-39.
[32]吴明大.鞍山市三条断裂的探测与研究报告[Z].1997:7-10.
[33]雷清清,廖旭.辽宁省主要活动断层与地震活动特征分析[J].震灾防御技术,2008,(2):115.
[34]肖杰.乌恰新城[J].城市与减灾,2006,(6):1.
[35]郑传杰.以人为本制订切实可行的县级市防震减灾规划[J].城市与减灾,2005,(5):27.
[36]翟宝辉.城市综合防灾[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:36-37.
[37]刘晓亮.关注城市安全建设[J].城市与减灾,2008,(3):25-28.
[38]江明,李和清.依法管理整体推进把防震减灾工作提高到新水平[J].地方地震工作,2006,(2):1-2.
[39]枣庄市地震局.发展中的枣庄防震减灾事业[J].防灾博览,2007,(3):26.
[40]李树森.加强地方地震灾害防御工作措施[J].震害防御与法制建设,2008,(1):23-24.
[41]陈运泰.地震预报要知难而进[J].科技导报,2008,(10):19.
[42]陈江驰.为构建和谐社会提供有力的服务与保障[J].城市与减灾,2007,(1):19.
[43]马东辉.城市抗震防灾规划标准实施指南[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:4.
[44]廖旭.鞍山市抗震设防区划与震害预测研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2006:228-232.
[45]孙文斌.我国东北地区地震时空演变特征及其动力学研究[J].东北地震研究,2005,(2):3-7.
[46]张书栋.辽宁岫岩—海城5.4级地震[M].北京:地震出版社,2004:34.
[47]肖兰喜.邢台震区深部构造与强震孕育关系的探讨[J].1999,(6):598-603.
[48]王子平.地震社会学初探[M].北京:地震出版社,1989:99.
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