大厂贫锡铅锑锌多金属硫化矿浮选新技术研究
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摘要
本文对大厂锡石-铅锑锌多金属硫化矿的浮选分离进行了系统的研究。以大厂92号矿石及其所含的脆硫锑铅矿、铁闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿为主要研究对象,研究它们在不同药剂条件下的浮选行为,在此基础上初步筛选组合药剂和抑制剂的应用研究,进行了浮选流程结构的设计,形成小型浮选试验流程并进行了验证试验研究。
基本查明了脆硫锑铅矿、铁闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿四种矿物浮选行为：在酸性条件下,脆硫锑铅矿、铁闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿等四种矿物均有较好的可浮性,在强碱性介质中,四种矿物的可浮性都变差。石灰容易抑制脆硫锑铅矿,对铁闪锌矿的抑制作用较小,而对磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿有一定的抑制作用。新型抑制剂CH-1、CH-2对磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿有很好的抑制作用。对于受Cu2+活化和吸附有黄药的铁闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿,采用石灰和CH-1可有效地抑制磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿。
通过无氰专题研究,使柳州华锡集团车河选厂处理的大厂铅锑锌硫化矿采用无氰浮选工艺,解决Pb-Sb硫化矿与硫化锌矿(铁闪锌矿)、硫铁矿(磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿)以及锌-硫之间的浮选分离问题。以选铅锑-锌硫混浮-锌硫分离为基础,泥、砂样分别浮选,砂矿样的锌硫混合精矿再磨后与泥矿样的锌硫混合精矿合并进行锌硫分离。闭路试验结果获得的锌精矿含锌44.89%、含铅0.16%,锌回收率达82.59%；锌硫分离尾矿含硫27.98%、锡0.29%、铅0.28%、锌0.35%。验证试验表明,采用无氰工艺取代有氰工艺的现场矿浆试样小型闭路试验获得的铅精矿含Pb20.76%,Sb19%,Zn0.95%,铅金属回收率69.78%,锌精矿含Zn46.95%,Pb0.19%,锌金属回收率92.41%。
热力学研究表明：脆硫锑铅矿、铁闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿四种矿物在高pH、高电位条件下,表面易氧化形成亲水物质；在酸性条件、低电位环境中,表面以硫水性物质为主。丁黄药、丁铵黑药在脆硫锑铅矿表面形成捕收剂金属盐为主,但在高pH、高电位条件下则难以发生,丁黄药和丁铵黑药在铁闪锌矿和磁黄铁矿表面形成的疏水性产物以二聚物为主,但在碱性条件下,难以形成。
The flotation separation of Dachang cassiterite-lead-tin-zinc multy-metal sulphideore has been systematic studied in this paper. Flotation behavior of jamesonite, marmatite, pyrrhotite and pyrite in 92# ore are researched in different condition of reagents. On the basis of that, minitype flotation test circuit is formed and proof test are precede by designing flotation circuit and preliminary screening combination agents and depressor.
The flotation behavior of jamesonite, marmatite, pyrrhotite and pyrite is found out:the four minerals all have good flotation capability in acidic conditions; With a pH that is greater than 7 the flotation capability to the four minerals becomes very bad. The result also shows that lime can depress jamesonite easily but has little effect on marmatite and certain action on pyrrhotite and pyrite. The new depressant CH-1 and CH-2 have great effect on pyrrhotite and pyrite. To marmatite, pyrrhotite and pyrite which adsorping xanthate and activated by Cu2+, Pyrrhotite and pyrite can be depressed effectively by lime and CH-1.
Chehe plant of Liuzhou tin group adopt non-cyanoge flotation technique to disposal lead-tin-zinc sulphideore of Dachang after the monographic research of non-cyanogen technique, and two problems will be solved, the one is:flotation separation between Pb-Sb sulphideore and zinc sulfide ore (marmatite), pyrites (pyrrhotite and pyrite); the another is:flotation separation of Zn and S. Flotation of slurry and sand are carried out respectively on the basis of Pb-Sb-Zn-S bulk flotation. Remill Zn-S mixed concentrate of sand sample, merge it with Zn-S mixed concentrate of slurry sample, and then separate Zn-S. Close-circuit test results is: the grade of Zn and Pb are 44.89%,0.16% respectively in zinc concentrate, and the recovery of Zn is 82.59%; While the grades of S, Sn, Pb, Zn are 27.98%,0.29%,0.28%,0.35%respectively in the tailings of Zn-S separation flotation. Proof test shows that in the present ore slurry of minitype close-circuit, grades of 20.76% for Pb,19% for Sb,0.95% for Zn and metal recovery of 69.78% for Pb in lead concentrate, grades of 46.95% for Zn,0.19% for Pb and metal recovery of 92.41% for Zn in zinc concentrate can be obtained by flotation technique without cyanoge.
The results of thermodynamic study shows that:in high pH and high potential condition, it's easy to form hydrophilic substance on the surface of jamesonite, marmatite, pyrrhotite and pyrite; While in low potential acid condition, the surface is mainly covered with hydrophobic substance. On the surface of jamesonite, butyl xanthate and butylamine dithiophosphate can form collector metal salt while can't be easy in high pH and high potential condition. On the surface of marmatite and pyrrhotit, butyl xanthate and butylamine dithiophosphate can form hydrophobic substance mainly of dimer while can't be easy in basicity condition.
基本查明了脆硫锑铅矿、铁闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿四种矿物浮选行为：在酸性条件下,脆硫锑铅矿、铁闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿等四种矿物均有较好的可浮性,在强碱性介质中,四种矿物的可浮性都变差。石灰容易抑制脆硫锑铅矿,对铁闪锌矿的抑制作用较小,而对磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿有一定的抑制作用。新型抑制剂CH-1、CH-2对磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿有很好的抑制作用。对于受Cu2+活化和吸附有黄药的铁闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿,采用石灰和CH-1可有效地抑制磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿。
通过无氰专题研究,使柳州华锡集团车河选厂处理的大厂铅锑锌硫化矿采用无氰浮选工艺,解决Pb-Sb硫化矿与硫化锌矿(铁闪锌矿)、硫铁矿(磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿)以及锌-硫之间的浮选分离问题。以选铅锑-锌硫混浮-锌硫分离为基础,泥、砂样分别浮选,砂矿样的锌硫混合精矿再磨后与泥矿样的锌硫混合精矿合并进行锌硫分离。闭路试验结果获得的锌精矿含锌44.89%、含铅0.16%,锌回收率达82.59%；锌硫分离尾矿含硫27.98%、锡0.29%、铅0.28%、锌0.35%。验证试验表明,采用无氰工艺取代有氰工艺的现场矿浆试样小型闭路试验获得的铅精矿含Pb20.76%,Sb19%,Zn0.95%,铅金属回收率69.78%,锌精矿含Zn46.95%,Pb0.19%,锌金属回收率92.41%。
热力学研究表明：脆硫锑铅矿、铁闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿四种矿物在高pH、高电位条件下,表面易氧化形成亲水物质；在酸性条件、低电位环境中,表面以硫水性物质为主。丁黄药、丁铵黑药在脆硫锑铅矿表面形成捕收剂金属盐为主,但在高pH、高电位条件下则难以发生,丁黄药和丁铵黑药在铁闪锌矿和磁黄铁矿表面形成的疏水性产物以二聚物为主,但在碱性条件下,难以形成。
The flotation separation of Dachang cassiterite-lead-tin-zinc multy-metal sulphideore has been systematic studied in this paper. Flotation behavior of jamesonite, marmatite, pyrrhotite and pyrite in 92# ore are researched in different condition of reagents. On the basis of that, minitype flotation test circuit is formed and proof test are precede by designing flotation circuit and preliminary screening combination agents and depressor.
The flotation behavior of jamesonite, marmatite, pyrrhotite and pyrite is found out:the four minerals all have good flotation capability in acidic conditions; With a pH that is greater than 7 the flotation capability to the four minerals becomes very bad. The result also shows that lime can depress jamesonite easily but has little effect on marmatite and certain action on pyrrhotite and pyrite. The new depressant CH-1 and CH-2 have great effect on pyrrhotite and pyrite. To marmatite, pyrrhotite and pyrite which adsorping xanthate and activated by Cu2+, Pyrrhotite and pyrite can be depressed effectively by lime and CH-1.
Chehe plant of Liuzhou tin group adopt non-cyanoge flotation technique to disposal lead-tin-zinc sulphideore of Dachang after the monographic research of non-cyanogen technique, and two problems will be solved, the one is:flotation separation between Pb-Sb sulphideore and zinc sulfide ore (marmatite), pyrites (pyrrhotite and pyrite); the another is:flotation separation of Zn and S. Flotation of slurry and sand are carried out respectively on the basis of Pb-Sb-Zn-S bulk flotation. Remill Zn-S mixed concentrate of sand sample, merge it with Zn-S mixed concentrate of slurry sample, and then separate Zn-S. Close-circuit test results is: the grade of Zn and Pb are 44.89%,0.16% respectively in zinc concentrate, and the recovery of Zn is 82.59%; While the grades of S, Sn, Pb, Zn are 27.98%,0.29%,0.28%,0.35%respectively in the tailings of Zn-S separation flotation. Proof test shows that in the present ore slurry of minitype close-circuit, grades of 20.76% for Pb,19% for Sb,0.95% for Zn and metal recovery of 69.78% for Pb in lead concentrate, grades of 46.95% for Zn,0.19% for Pb and metal recovery of 92.41% for Zn in zinc concentrate can be obtained by flotation technique without cyanoge.
The results of thermodynamic study shows that:in high pH and high potential condition, it's easy to form hydrophilic substance on the surface of jamesonite, marmatite, pyrrhotite and pyrite; While in low potential acid condition, the surface is mainly covered with hydrophobic substance. On the surface of jamesonite, butyl xanthate and butylamine dithiophosphate can form collector metal salt while can't be easy in high pH and high potential condition. On the surface of marmatite and pyrrhotit, butyl xanthate and butylamine dithiophosphate can form hydrophobic substance mainly of dimer while can't be easy in basicity condition.
引文
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