基于虚拟仪器技术的电能质量检测系统的研究
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摘要
随着国民经济的发展,各种工业生产对电能质量的要求不断增高,同时各种电能质量问题也越来越严重,因此及时准确的对电能质量进行检测,对工业生产有着重要的指导意义。然而目前国内大多数电能质量检测仪器普遍存在精度不高、实时性不强、测量参数较少、不能实现网络化检测、系统升级困难等缺点;针对这些不足,本课题开发了基于虚拟仪器技术的电能质量参数检测系统,实现了对电能质量高精度、多参数、网络化检测。
作者在阅读了大量国内外文献的基础上从电能质量的国家标准出发,研究了各指标的计算方法;在分析了电压波动与闪变、谐波的常用检测方法的不足后,将一种新的时频分析方法:Hilbert-Huang变换方法引入到电能质量检测领域中来,并用仿真证明了该方法比短时傅立叶变换、小波变换等在对非平稳信号的分析中更具有优势;针对噪声对Hilbert-Huang变换的影响进行了详细的分析,提出了用小波去噪的方法对信号进行去噪预处理,实验证明该方法可以有效的抑制噪声,很好的改善HHT变换的分析结果;开发了新型的电能信号测量装置,该装置主要由前置测量模块和远程监控模块组成。前置测量模块以ADE7758为主功能芯片,实现了对电信号的高精度测量,同时在本模块中还设计了HID类的USB接口和RS422接口,实现了与上位机和远程通讯模块的数据交换;远程监控模块采用具有内置协议栈的W3100A芯片,实现了测量的网络化。
本课题开发的基于虚拟仪器技术的电能质量检测系统与传统的测量仪器相比,具有数据处理功能强、测量参数全面、系统升级简单、人机交互性好、能保存大量的历史数据、实现了网络化检测等特点,具有较大的使用价值和应用前景。
Along with the development of the national economy, industrial requirements on the power quality are increasing; meanwhile various power quality problems are more and more serious. Detecting the power quality problems timely and accurately plays constructive significance. But much disadvantages such as: lower precision, weaker real-time character, fewer parameters being detected, not achieving remote detection, upgrading system with more difficulties, are widespread in most of the domestic power quality detecting equipments. To overcome these deficiencies, we develop a system based on the virtual instrument technology, which is high accuracy ,multi-parameter and networking.
This paper begin with the national standards of the power quality, study the measure methods of the parameters; after the analysis of voltage fluctuation and flicker, harmonic’s commonly methods, we place a new time-frequency method: Hilbert-Huang transform into the power quality measure field, and use simulation to show this method is more advantage over the STFT and wavelet analysis; against noise on the HHT transform, we use wavelet to denoise, and the simulation shows this method effectively restrain the noise. Develop a new power quality measure device, which contain measure module and the remote control module; the measure module use ADE7758 to achieve high precision measure, in addition, we also place USB and RS422 interface to realize the communication between PC and other modules; the remote control module take W3100A as its main functional chip, implement the remote control.
Compared with the traditional power measure equipments, the system developed in this paper have a lot of advantages: strong ability in processing data, large amount of historical data being keep, upgrading simply, strong ability in human-computer interaction, comprehensive measurement parameters, realizing the remote measure, It has greater use and application prospects.
作者在阅读了大量国内外文献的基础上从电能质量的国家标准出发,研究了各指标的计算方法;在分析了电压波动与闪变、谐波的常用检测方法的不足后,将一种新的时频分析方法:Hilbert-Huang变换方法引入到电能质量检测领域中来,并用仿真证明了该方法比短时傅立叶变换、小波变换等在对非平稳信号的分析中更具有优势;针对噪声对Hilbert-Huang变换的影响进行了详细的分析,提出了用小波去噪的方法对信号进行去噪预处理,实验证明该方法可以有效的抑制噪声,很好的改善HHT变换的分析结果;开发了新型的电能信号测量装置,该装置主要由前置测量模块和远程监控模块组成。前置测量模块以ADE7758为主功能芯片,实现了对电信号的高精度测量,同时在本模块中还设计了HID类的USB接口和RS422接口,实现了与上位机和远程通讯模块的数据交换;远程监控模块采用具有内置协议栈的W3100A芯片,实现了测量的网络化。
本课题开发的基于虚拟仪器技术的电能质量检测系统与传统的测量仪器相比,具有数据处理功能强、测量参数全面、系统升级简单、人机交互性好、能保存大量的历史数据、实现了网络化检测等特点,具有较大的使用价值和应用前景。
Along with the development of the national economy, industrial requirements on the power quality are increasing; meanwhile various power quality problems are more and more serious. Detecting the power quality problems timely and accurately plays constructive significance. But much disadvantages such as: lower precision, weaker real-time character, fewer parameters being detected, not achieving remote detection, upgrading system with more difficulties, are widespread in most of the domestic power quality detecting equipments. To overcome these deficiencies, we develop a system based on the virtual instrument technology, which is high accuracy ,multi-parameter and networking.
This paper begin with the national standards of the power quality, study the measure methods of the parameters; after the analysis of voltage fluctuation and flicker, harmonic’s commonly methods, we place a new time-frequency method: Hilbert-Huang transform into the power quality measure field, and use simulation to show this method is more advantage over the STFT and wavelet analysis; against noise on the HHT transform, we use wavelet to denoise, and the simulation shows this method effectively restrain the noise. Develop a new power quality measure device, which contain measure module and the remote control module; the measure module use ADE7758 to achieve high precision measure, in addition, we also place USB and RS422 interface to realize the communication between PC and other modules; the remote control module take W3100A as its main functional chip, implement the remote control.
Compared with the traditional power measure equipments, the system developed in this paper have a lot of advantages: strong ability in processing data, large amount of historical data being keep, upgrading simply, strong ability in human-computer interaction, comprehensive measurement parameters, realizing the remote measure, It has greater use and application prospects.
引文
1 Daniel J Ward. Power quality and the security of electricity supply. Proceedings of the IEEE. 2001,89(12):1830~1836
2李旭,谢运祥.电能质量监测的技术现状.电源技术应用. 2006 , 4(9):49~52
3 Dugan R. C, Megrandhan M.F,Benty H. W. Electrical power system quality[M]. New York:MCGraw-Hill. 1996:232~242
4李晓明,王天.呼辽直流工程受端系统背景谐波潮流仿真.东北电力技术. 2007,(4):10~14
5袁晓东,张小平,唐国庆等.基于三相谐波潮流的电能质量仿真决策系统.电力系统自动化. 2005,16(29):30~34
6 Grandke T.Interpolation algorithms for discrete Fourier transforms of weighted signals[J]. IEEE Trans on IM. 1983,32:350~355
7 Ferrero A. High accuracy Fourier analysis based on synchronous sampling technique[J]. IEEE Trans on IM. 1992,41(6):780~785
8郑建明,李明等.伸缩窗口短时Fourier分析.振动、测试与诊断. 2000, 20(4):254~258
9张丽琼.基于小波变换的人体脉搏信号的去噪分析.陕西师范大学学报(自然版). 2004,(32):84~87
10张军华.小波变换在地震资料去噪和提高分辨率中的应用.石油大学学报. 2003,(21):18~22
11黄建华,黄天宏.小波变换在图像压缩中的应用.辽宁工学院学报. 2006,(26):362~365
12王忠仁,林君,李文伟.基于Wigner-ville分布的复杂时变信号的时频分析.电子学报. 2005,(12):2239~2241
13 Semion Kizhner,Thomas P. Flatley,Dr. Norden E. Huang. On the Hilbert-Huang Transform Data Processing System Development. IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings. 2004,1961~1979
14 Z. Wu and N.E.Huang. A study of the characteristics of white noise using the Empirical Mode Decomposition method. Proc. Roy. Soc. London A,Dec. 2002
15 Peng Z K,Peter W T se,Chu F L. An improved Hilbert-Huang transform andits application in vibration signal analysis[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2005,286(1):187~205
16 Liu B,Riemenschneider S,Xu Y. Loutridis S J. Gearbox fault diagnosis using empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectrum[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. 2006,20(3):718~734
17王珍,马孝江.局域波边界谱在缸盖振动信号分析中的应用研究.内燃机工程. 2002,4(23):50~52
18马孝江,余泊,张志新等.一种新的时频分析方法-局域波法.振动工程学报. 2000. 5(13):219~224
19马孝江,王凤利,蔡悦.局域波时频分布在转子系统早期故障诊断中的应用研究.中国电机工程学报. 2004. (24):161~164
20马孝江,朱泓等.局域波法在柴油机气缸磨损故障诊断中的研究.中国机械工程. 2004,5(20):1811~1814
21钟佑明,金涛,秦树人.希尔伯特-黄变换中的一种新包络线算法.数据采集与处理. 2005,(20):13~17
22钟佑明,秦树人,汤宝平.一种振动信号新变换法的研究.振动工程学报. 2002,4(15):231~238
23黄大吉,赵进平,苏纪兰.希尔伯特-黄变换的端点延拓.海洋学报. 2003,8(25):1~11
24 ZHAO J P.HUANG D J. Mirror extending and circular spline function for empirical mode decomposition method. Journal of Zhejiang University (SCIENCE). 2001,1(2):247~252
25张郁山.希尔伯特-黄变换与地震动时程的希尔伯特谱.中国地震局地球物理研究所博士学位论文. 2003:1~247
26程浩忠.电能质量-电压偏差与频率偏差.现代建筑电气篇. 2007, (4):54~57
27程浩忠.电能质量-电压偏差与频率偏差.现代建筑电气篇. 2007, (4):57~59
28陈波,王宏钰.电能质量监测和监测仪器讲座.仪表技术. 2005,(5):75~77
29林海雪.电压波动和闪变标准.大众用电. 2006,(5):40~42
30林海雪.公用电网谐波标准.大众用电. 2005,(12):36~38
31成立,范木宏等.基于瞬时无功率的改进型谐波电流检测法.高压电技术. 2007,33(4):46~49
32何岭松,熊鹰.用双窗法减小FFT谱分析估算误差.振动与冲击. 2001, 20(4):49~51
33 Norden E. Huang,Zheng Shen,Steven R. Long. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1999,(31):417~457
34 Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R et al. The empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. Proc.Roy.London A,1998,(454):903~995
35 Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R. A new view of nonlinear water waves:the Hilbert spectrum. A. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1999,2(31):417~457
36 Rilling G,Flandrin P,Goncalves P. On Empirical Mode Decomposition and it’s a lgorithms. IEEE Sig. Pro. Lett. 2003:326~329
37王艳,金大东.改进的小波变换阈值去噪方法.河南科技大学学报. 2007, 8(28):46~48
38费双波.小波去噪算法研究及小波硬件实现.北京交通大学硕士论文. 2006:15~16
39严居斌,刘晓川,杨洪耕等.基于小波变换模极大值原理和能量分布曲线的电能系统短期扰动分析.电网技术. 2002,26(4):16~18
40付燕.基于小波变换的地震信号分时分频相关去噪.煤田地质与勘探. 2002,30(6):52~54
41杜修力,何立志.基于经验模态分解的小波阈值去噪方法.北京工业大学学报. 2007,33(3):265~271
42黄学鹏,周飞,徐伟. USB同步传输方式在多路实时数据采集中的应用.微计算机应用. 2007,28(5):524~528
43何永成.以太网技术发展应用.内蒙古科技与经济. 2007,137(7):83~85
44 D J newson,D Ginsburg,M T Wilkins. Next generation local area networks. BT Technology journal. 2000,16(1):76~87
45 Stanislav Shalunov,Richard Carlson. Detecting Duplex Mismatch on Ethernet. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2005,1:135~136
46 Hans-Martin Foisel,Monkia Jaeger. Evaluation of IP over WDM Network Architectures. Photonic Network Communications. 2001,3(1):41~48
47 S. Zeadally,L. Zhang. Network application programming interfaces(APIs) performance on commodity operating systems. Information and Software Technology. 2004,46(6):397~402
48 John Anderson,James S. Manchester,Antonio Rodriguez-Moral,Malathi Veeraraghavan. Protocols and architectures for IP optical networking. Bell Labs Technical Journal. 2000,4(1)105~124
49 David N. Koon. The importance of modal bandwidth in Gigabit Ethernet systems. International Journal of Networking Management. 2001,11(3):57~65
2李旭,谢运祥.电能质量监测的技术现状.电源技术应用. 2006 , 4(9):49~52
3 Dugan R. C, Megrandhan M.F,Benty H. W. Electrical power system quality[M]. New York:MCGraw-Hill. 1996:232~242
4李晓明,王天.呼辽直流工程受端系统背景谐波潮流仿真.东北电力技术. 2007,(4):10~14
5袁晓东,张小平,唐国庆等.基于三相谐波潮流的电能质量仿真决策系统.电力系统自动化. 2005,16(29):30~34
6 Grandke T.Interpolation algorithms for discrete Fourier transforms of weighted signals[J]. IEEE Trans on IM. 1983,32:350~355
7 Ferrero A. High accuracy Fourier analysis based on synchronous sampling technique[J]. IEEE Trans on IM. 1992,41(6):780~785
8郑建明,李明等.伸缩窗口短时Fourier分析.振动、测试与诊断. 2000, 20(4):254~258
9张丽琼.基于小波变换的人体脉搏信号的去噪分析.陕西师范大学学报(自然版). 2004,(32):84~87
10张军华.小波变换在地震资料去噪和提高分辨率中的应用.石油大学学报. 2003,(21):18~22
11黄建华,黄天宏.小波变换在图像压缩中的应用.辽宁工学院学报. 2006,(26):362~365
12王忠仁,林君,李文伟.基于Wigner-ville分布的复杂时变信号的时频分析.电子学报. 2005,(12):2239~2241
13 Semion Kizhner,Thomas P. Flatley,Dr. Norden E. Huang. On the Hilbert-Huang Transform Data Processing System Development. IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings. 2004,1961~1979
14 Z. Wu and N.E.Huang. A study of the characteristics of white noise using the Empirical Mode Decomposition method. Proc. Roy. Soc. London A,Dec. 2002
15 Peng Z K,Peter W T se,Chu F L. An improved Hilbert-Huang transform andits application in vibration signal analysis[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2005,286(1):187~205
16 Liu B,Riemenschneider S,Xu Y. Loutridis S J. Gearbox fault diagnosis using empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectrum[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. 2006,20(3):718~734
17王珍,马孝江.局域波边界谱在缸盖振动信号分析中的应用研究.内燃机工程. 2002,4(23):50~52
18马孝江,余泊,张志新等.一种新的时频分析方法-局域波法.振动工程学报. 2000. 5(13):219~224
19马孝江,王凤利,蔡悦.局域波时频分布在转子系统早期故障诊断中的应用研究.中国电机工程学报. 2004. (24):161~164
20马孝江,朱泓等.局域波法在柴油机气缸磨损故障诊断中的研究.中国机械工程. 2004,5(20):1811~1814
21钟佑明,金涛,秦树人.希尔伯特-黄变换中的一种新包络线算法.数据采集与处理. 2005,(20):13~17
22钟佑明,秦树人,汤宝平.一种振动信号新变换法的研究.振动工程学报. 2002,4(15):231~238
23黄大吉,赵进平,苏纪兰.希尔伯特-黄变换的端点延拓.海洋学报. 2003,8(25):1~11
24 ZHAO J P.HUANG D J. Mirror extending and circular spline function for empirical mode decomposition method. Journal of Zhejiang University (SCIENCE). 2001,1(2):247~252
25张郁山.希尔伯特-黄变换与地震动时程的希尔伯特谱.中国地震局地球物理研究所博士学位论文. 2003:1~247
26程浩忠.电能质量-电压偏差与频率偏差.现代建筑电气篇. 2007, (4):54~57
27程浩忠.电能质量-电压偏差与频率偏差.现代建筑电气篇. 2007, (4):57~59
28陈波,王宏钰.电能质量监测和监测仪器讲座.仪表技术. 2005,(5):75~77
29林海雪.电压波动和闪变标准.大众用电. 2006,(5):40~42
30林海雪.公用电网谐波标准.大众用电. 2005,(12):36~38
31成立,范木宏等.基于瞬时无功率的改进型谐波电流检测法.高压电技术. 2007,33(4):46~49
32何岭松,熊鹰.用双窗法减小FFT谱分析估算误差.振动与冲击. 2001, 20(4):49~51
33 Norden E. Huang,Zheng Shen,Steven R. Long. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1999,(31):417~457
34 Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R et al. The empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. Proc.Roy.London A,1998,(454):903~995
35 Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R. A new view of nonlinear water waves:the Hilbert spectrum. A. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1999,2(31):417~457
36 Rilling G,Flandrin P,Goncalves P. On Empirical Mode Decomposition and it’s a lgorithms. IEEE Sig. Pro. Lett. 2003:326~329
37王艳,金大东.改进的小波变换阈值去噪方法.河南科技大学学报. 2007, 8(28):46~48
38费双波.小波去噪算法研究及小波硬件实现.北京交通大学硕士论文. 2006:15~16
39严居斌,刘晓川,杨洪耕等.基于小波变换模极大值原理和能量分布曲线的电能系统短期扰动分析.电网技术. 2002,26(4):16~18
40付燕.基于小波变换的地震信号分时分频相关去噪.煤田地质与勘探. 2002,30(6):52~54
41杜修力,何立志.基于经验模态分解的小波阈值去噪方法.北京工业大学学报. 2007,33(3):265~271
42黄学鹏,周飞,徐伟. USB同步传输方式在多路实时数据采集中的应用.微计算机应用. 2007,28(5):524~528
43何永成.以太网技术发展应用.内蒙古科技与经济. 2007,137(7):83~85
44 D J newson,D Ginsburg,M T Wilkins. Next generation local area networks. BT Technology journal. 2000,16(1):76~87
45 Stanislav Shalunov,Richard Carlson. Detecting Duplex Mismatch on Ethernet. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2005,1:135~136
46 Hans-Martin Foisel,Monkia Jaeger. Evaluation of IP over WDM Network Architectures. Photonic Network Communications. 2001,3(1):41~48
47 S. Zeadally,L. Zhang. Network application programming interfaces(APIs) performance on commodity operating systems. Information and Software Technology. 2004,46(6):397~402
48 John Anderson,James S. Manchester,Antonio Rodriguez-Moral,Malathi Veeraraghavan. Protocols and architectures for IP optical networking. Bell Labs Technical Journal. 2000,4(1)105~124
49 David N. Koon. The importance of modal bandwidth in Gigabit Ethernet systems. International Journal of Networking Management. 2001,11(3):57~65
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