早熟禾厌氧发酵特性和产气潜力的研究
|
摘要
我国是农业大国,农业废弃物种类繁多而且数量巨大,能够作为生物质能源加以开发利用的资源非常丰富,但以往大量的农业废弃物都被当成垃圾,造成了资源浪费和环境污染。利用厌氧发酵技术将其生物质资源转化为高品位沼气能源,具有技术成熟、转化效率高、应用方便等特点,可以有效地回收利用农业废弃物中物质和能量,是比较理想的农业废弃物回收系统。
为了研究茎叶类农业废弃物的厌氧发酵特性,利用自行设计的厌氧发酵试验装置,在30±1℃恒温条件下,对茎叶类农业废弃物进行了厌氧发酵。通过对试验过程中重要指标的测定和比较,探究各发酵原料的特性,以寻求更多更适合的发酵原料,从而提高农业废弃物的应用价值。研究内容和结果主要包括以下几个方面:
以早熟禾、佛手瓜茎叶和番茄茎叶三种茎叶类农业废弃物为原料,分别进行了厌氧发酵试验,并进行比较。结果表明:早熟禾累积产气量最高,且持续时间最长,佛手瓜茎叶次之,番茄茎叶最差,早熟禾、佛手瓜茎叶和番茄茎叶三者累积产气量分别为54830mL、45360mL、33090mL;在发酵过程中早熟禾和佛手瓜茎叶均出现一定程度的酸积累现象,但经过系统的自动调节,一段时间后均恢复正常,其中佛手瓜恢复的较慢;佛手瓜茎叶的甲烷含量较低,且产甲烷最不稳定,早熟禾和番茄茎叶甲烷含量较高;产气潜力方面,三者差异均达极显著水平。综合产气量、甲烷含量、产气潜力等指标的测定结果,早熟禾表现最好。
进一步研究早熟禾的厌氧发酵特性,设置接种量10%、20%、30%和40%四个梯度,和发酵浓度4%、6%、8%和10%四个梯度分别进行比较试验,讨论接种量、发酵浓度对早熟禾产气量、甲烷含量、pH值的影响。结果表明:综合考虑,早熟禾接种量在30%、发酵浓度在6%～8%条件下,早熟禾厌氧发酵产气效果最好。
将早熟禾和猪粪混合发酵,以累积产气量和平均甲烷含量为指标,选取碳氮比、发酵浓度和接种量三个因子进行多因素试验,变化范围分别为13～30,4～10%和10～40%。依据二次正交旋转组合设计的方法,建立因素对产气量和甲烷含量的回归方程,探讨碳氮比、发酵浓度和接种量对产气量和甲烷含量的影响规律。结果表明:影响产气量的主因素排序为接种量>发酵浓度>碳氮比;影响甲烷含量的主因素排序为接种量>碳氮比>发酵浓度;且各因素之间具有一定的交互作用,不同的两个因素相互影响对产气量和甲烷含量的影响也就不同;采用SAS数据处理系统对试验数据进行分析,可以得到早熟禾和猪粪混合发酵原料要获得较好产气量的最佳工艺是:碳氮比为23.5:1,发酵浓度为7.35%,接种量为29.02%,混合原料产气量理论值最高可达38.06L;要获得较高平均甲烷含量的最佳工艺是:碳氮比为23.64:1,发酵浓度为7.23%,接种量为30.12%,混合原料平均甲烷含量理论最高值可达54.79%。
China is a large agricultural country, and there are a variety of agricultural wastes, can be used as biomass energy development and utilization of resources is very rich, but usually a lot of agricultural wastes are as garbage, resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution. So we can make use of anaerobic fermentation technology convert them into high-grade energy. Anaerobic fermentation system can effectively recover agricultural wastes, and it is an ideal system.
In order to study and compare characteristics of anaerobic fermentation of agricultural waste, this paper uses independently designed anaerobic fermentation experiment installs ,and carries out a variety of anaerobic fermentation of agricultural waste at 30±1℃. Through the determination and comparison of key indicators the course of the experiment to explore the characteristics of the fermentation of raw materials, to find more and suitable raw materials for fermentation, there by enhancing the value of agricultural waste. Main research contents and results include the following:
This paper studies three kinds of agricultural wastes (Bluegrass, stems and leaves of chayote and stems and leaves of tomato)as raw materials, anaerobic digestion tests were conducted and compared. The results show that: Bluegrass has longest gas production and the most cumulative gas production, stems and leaves of chayote is the second, stems and leaves of tomato is the worst. The cumulative production of bluegrass , stems and leaves of chayote and stems and leaves of tomato are 54830mL, 45360mL, 33090ml;Bluegiass and stems and leaves of chayote have a level of acid accumulation in the fermentation, but after the automatic adjustment of the system, they return to normal after a period of time, but stems and leaves of chayote recoveries slow, and its methane content is low, the methane content of bluegrass and stems and leaves of tomato is higher; Comparing gas production, methane, gas production potential and other indicators ,the bluegrass’synthetic performance is best.
To further study the characteristics of anaerobic fermentation of bluegrass, this paper uses inoculation volume are 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the four gradient, and the fermentation concentration are 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of the four gradient to do comparison tests, and discuss the affect of inoculation volume and fermentation concentration on gas production, methane and pH value. The results show that: When bluegrass’inoculation volume is 30%, fermentation concentration is 6%~8%, the effect of anaerobic fermentation is better.
The bluegrass and pig manure are as raw materials of mixed fermentation .To put cumulative gas production and the average methane content as the index and select the C/N, fermentation density and inoculation volume three factors to do multi-factor tests, the three factors change in the range of 13 ~ 30,4 ~ 10% and 10 ~ 40%. Basing on the method of the two orthogonal revolving combination test, Regression equations of three factors on gas production and methane contents are built, and the influence law of how C/N, fermentation density and inoculation volume affect on gas production and methane contents is studied. The results show that: The main factors affecting gas production order of: the inoculation volume >the fermentation density >the C/N, the main factors affecting methane content order of: the inoculation volume >the C/N> the fermentation density .Various factors have some interaction, two different factors interact on gas production and methane content is different; Test data are analysed by using SAS data processing system, it can get the best technology of the raw materials (bluegrass and pig manure )of mixed to get better gas production: C/N is 23.06:1 , fermentation density is 7.35%, the inoculation volume is 29.02% , the theoretical value of mixed raw material’s gas production is up to 38.06L; the best technology that can get higher methane content is: C/N is 23.64:1, fermentation density is 7.23%, the inoculation volume is 30.12%, the theoretical value of mixed raw material’s methane content is up to 54.79%.
为了研究茎叶类农业废弃物的厌氧发酵特性,利用自行设计的厌氧发酵试验装置,在30±1℃恒温条件下,对茎叶类农业废弃物进行了厌氧发酵。通过对试验过程中重要指标的测定和比较,探究各发酵原料的特性,以寻求更多更适合的发酵原料,从而提高农业废弃物的应用价值。研究内容和结果主要包括以下几个方面:
以早熟禾、佛手瓜茎叶和番茄茎叶三种茎叶类农业废弃物为原料,分别进行了厌氧发酵试验,并进行比较。结果表明:早熟禾累积产气量最高,且持续时间最长,佛手瓜茎叶次之,番茄茎叶最差,早熟禾、佛手瓜茎叶和番茄茎叶三者累积产气量分别为54830mL、45360mL、33090mL;在发酵过程中早熟禾和佛手瓜茎叶均出现一定程度的酸积累现象,但经过系统的自动调节,一段时间后均恢复正常,其中佛手瓜恢复的较慢;佛手瓜茎叶的甲烷含量较低,且产甲烷最不稳定,早熟禾和番茄茎叶甲烷含量较高;产气潜力方面,三者差异均达极显著水平。综合产气量、甲烷含量、产气潜力等指标的测定结果,早熟禾表现最好。
进一步研究早熟禾的厌氧发酵特性,设置接种量10%、20%、30%和40%四个梯度,和发酵浓度4%、6%、8%和10%四个梯度分别进行比较试验,讨论接种量、发酵浓度对早熟禾产气量、甲烷含量、pH值的影响。结果表明:综合考虑,早熟禾接种量在30%、发酵浓度在6%～8%条件下,早熟禾厌氧发酵产气效果最好。
将早熟禾和猪粪混合发酵,以累积产气量和平均甲烷含量为指标,选取碳氮比、发酵浓度和接种量三个因子进行多因素试验,变化范围分别为13～30,4～10%和10～40%。依据二次正交旋转组合设计的方法,建立因素对产气量和甲烷含量的回归方程,探讨碳氮比、发酵浓度和接种量对产气量和甲烷含量的影响规律。结果表明:影响产气量的主因素排序为接种量>发酵浓度>碳氮比;影响甲烷含量的主因素排序为接种量>碳氮比>发酵浓度;且各因素之间具有一定的交互作用,不同的两个因素相互影响对产气量和甲烷含量的影响也就不同;采用SAS数据处理系统对试验数据进行分析,可以得到早熟禾和猪粪混合发酵原料要获得较好产气量的最佳工艺是:碳氮比为23.5:1,发酵浓度为7.35%,接种量为29.02%,混合原料产气量理论值最高可达38.06L;要获得较高平均甲烷含量的最佳工艺是:碳氮比为23.64:1,发酵浓度为7.23%,接种量为30.12%,混合原料平均甲烷含量理论最高值可达54.79%。
China is a large agricultural country, and there are a variety of agricultural wastes, can be used as biomass energy development and utilization of resources is very rich, but usually a lot of agricultural wastes are as garbage, resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution. So we can make use of anaerobic fermentation technology convert them into high-grade energy. Anaerobic fermentation system can effectively recover agricultural wastes, and it is an ideal system.
In order to study and compare characteristics of anaerobic fermentation of agricultural waste, this paper uses independently designed anaerobic fermentation experiment installs ,and carries out a variety of anaerobic fermentation of agricultural waste at 30±1℃. Through the determination and comparison of key indicators the course of the experiment to explore the characteristics of the fermentation of raw materials, to find more and suitable raw materials for fermentation, there by enhancing the value of agricultural waste. Main research contents and results include the following:
This paper studies three kinds of agricultural wastes (Bluegrass, stems and leaves of chayote and stems and leaves of tomato)as raw materials, anaerobic digestion tests were conducted and compared. The results show that: Bluegrass has longest gas production and the most cumulative gas production, stems and leaves of chayote is the second, stems and leaves of tomato is the worst. The cumulative production of bluegrass , stems and leaves of chayote and stems and leaves of tomato are 54830mL, 45360mL, 33090ml;Bluegiass and stems and leaves of chayote have a level of acid accumulation in the fermentation, but after the automatic adjustment of the system, they return to normal after a period of time, but stems and leaves of chayote recoveries slow, and its methane content is low, the methane content of bluegrass and stems and leaves of tomato is higher; Comparing gas production, methane, gas production potential and other indicators ,the bluegrass’synthetic performance is best.
To further study the characteristics of anaerobic fermentation of bluegrass, this paper uses inoculation volume are 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the four gradient, and the fermentation concentration are 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of the four gradient to do comparison tests, and discuss the affect of inoculation volume and fermentation concentration on gas production, methane and pH value. The results show that: When bluegrass’inoculation volume is 30%, fermentation concentration is 6%~8%, the effect of anaerobic fermentation is better.
The bluegrass and pig manure are as raw materials of mixed fermentation .To put cumulative gas production and the average methane content as the index and select the C/N, fermentation density and inoculation volume three factors to do multi-factor tests, the three factors change in the range of 13 ~ 30,4 ~ 10% and 10 ~ 40%. Basing on the method of the two orthogonal revolving combination test, Regression equations of three factors on gas production and methane contents are built, and the influence law of how C/N, fermentation density and inoculation volume affect on gas production and methane contents is studied. The results show that: The main factors affecting gas production order of: the inoculation volume >the fermentation density >the C/N, the main factors affecting methane content order of: the inoculation volume >the C/N> the fermentation density .Various factors have some interaction, two different factors interact on gas production and methane content is different; Test data are analysed by using SAS data processing system, it can get the best technology of the raw materials (bluegrass and pig manure )of mixed to get better gas production: C/N is 23.06:1 , fermentation density is 7.35%, the inoculation volume is 29.02% , the theoretical value of mixed raw material’s gas production is up to 38.06L; the best technology that can get higher methane content is: C/N is 23.64:1, fermentation density is 7.23%, the inoculation volume is 30.12%, the theoretical value of mixed raw material’s methane content is up to 54.79%.
引文
鲍士旦.2008土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社
陈广银,郑正,邹星星,杨世关.2009.牛粪对互花米草混合发酵消化过程的影响研究.环境科学,30(7):2130～2134
楚丽丽,杨改河,张翠丽等.2008.不同温度条件下农作物秸秆产期效率研究.干旱地区农业研究,26(3):190～193
方仁声.2003.沼气发酵如何正确使用搅拌.中国沼气,21(3):46
郭欧燕,李轶冰,白洁瑞,杨改河周子凡,任广鑫,冯永忠. 2009.温度对鸡粪与秸秆混合原料厌产
气特性的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),37(6):138～144
郝学财,缪静,余晓斌,周洪,汤蕾.2006.正交旋转回归试验优化纤维素酶发酵培养基.食品与生物技术学报,25(4):97～101
何国庆,熊皓平,阮晖.2005.啤酒花多酚类化合物提取工艺的优化研究.农业工程学报,21(4):163～166
贺延龄.1999.废水厌氧处理.北京:中国轻工业出版社:10～20
兰吉武,陈彬,曹伟华.2004.水葫芦厌氧发酵产气规律.黑龙江科技学院学报,14(1):18～21
李建政,汪群慧.2004.废物资源化与生物能源.北京:化学工业出版社
李丽,张无敌,尹芳. 2007.莴苣叶子沼气发酵潜力的研究.湖南农机,07:186～187
李艳梅.2005.户用沼气池的配料、换料、换料技术.农民科技培训,7:12～13
林聪.2007.沼气技术理论与工程.北京:化学工业出版社:31～37
林聪,段娜,王阳,张又红.2009.德国沼气工程的发展现状及思考.猪业科学,(7):52
刘成立,吕震宙. 2006.非线性隐式极限状态方程失效概率计算的组合响应面法.工程力学,23(2):29～33
刘德江,高桂丽,朱妍梅.2005.猪粪、牛粪、羊粪沼气发酵比较试验.塔里木大学学报,17(2):10～12
刘德江,张富年,邱桃玉. 2009.牛粪不同发酵浓度对沼气中甲烷及硫化氢含量的影响.新疆农业职业技术学院学报,8(1):23～26
李荣平,刘研萍,李秀金.2008.厨余和牛粪混合厌氧发酵产气性能试验研究.可再生能源,26(2):64～68
刘荣厚,王远远,孙辰.2009.温度对蔬菜废弃物沼气发酵产气特性的影响.农业机械学报,40(9):116～121
刘建敏.2006.农村家用沼气发酵工艺参数的优选研究[硕士学位论文]重庆:西南大学
刘翔波,李强,张敏.2009.农村生活废弃物沼气发酵的潜力研究.中国沼气,27(2):24～28
刘晓英,李秀金,董仁杰,肖勇. 2009.北京市餐厨垃圾产生状况及厌氧发酵产气潜力分析.可再生能源,27(4):61～65
卢旭珍.2004.动植物生产废弃物厌氧消化工艺研究[硕士学位论文].杨凌:西北农林科技大学
马洪儒. 2003.家用沼气池稳定产气的技术要点.可再生能源,2:29～30
莫美华,庞雄飞. 2007.二次正交旋转回归设计在小菜蛾饲料配方筛选中的应用.生态学,27(7):2935～2941
倪龙兴,史俊,陈晓玲,刘智广.1997.厌氧菌酶动力学变化可能与细菌的代谢有关.第四军医大学学报,18(4):319～322
农业部人事劳动司.2004.沼气生产工.北京:中国农业出社:67～77
潘云霞,李文哲. 2004.接种物浓度对厌氧发酵产气特性影响研究.农机化研究,(1):187– 189
彭靖.2009.对我国农业废弃物资源化利用的思考.生态环境学报,18(2):794～798
彭武厚,陆鑫. 2005.生物质能的现代化利用.能源技术,(26):102～108
蒲贵兵,王胜军,孙可伟. 2009.接种量对泔脚发酵产氢余物甲烷化的强化研究.中山大学学报(自然科学版),48(1):87～92
浦跃武,刘坚.2009.木薯渣厌氧发酵制取沼气的研究.安徽农业科学,37(29):14308～14310
秦智,任南琪,李建.2003.产酸相反应器的过酸状态及其控制.哈尔滨工业大学学报,35(9):1105～1108
邱凌,王兰英,杨鹏.2005.农村沼气工程动态发酵工艺的调控.可再生能源,119(1):47～49
徐曾符.1981.沼气工艺学.北京:农业出版社
沈东升,徐向阳,冯孝善.1996.厌氧污泥降解氯酚的驯化及其在驯化过程中的降解动力学.环境科学学报,16(3):309～316
苏有勇,张无敌.2003.马蹄莲秸秆发酵产沼气潜力的研究.农业与技术,23(6):53257
孙传伯,李云廖,梓良.2008.马铃薯皮渣沼气发酵潜力的研究.现代农业科技,(2):829
孙永明,李国学,张夫道,施晨璐,孙振钧.2005.中国农业废弃物资源化现状与发展战略.农业工程学报,21(8):169～172
孙玉芳. 2009.经济发达地区农村户用沼气发展趋向研究.中国沼气,27(5):37～38
王学涛.2001.新型高效户用沼气发酵装置试验研究[硕士学位论文].郑州:河南农业大学
魏世清,覃文能,李金怀,李勇江. 2008.水葫芦与猪粪混合厌氧发酵产沼气研究.广西林业科学,37(2):80～83
吴满昌,孙可伟,李如燕,孙艳,张海东. 2005.不同反应温度的城市生活垃圾厌氧发酵研究.化学与生物工程,(9):28～30
夏祖璋. 1994.发达国家沼气装置概述.新能源,6:9～22
杨世关,李继红,郑正.2008.互花米草厌氧生物转化可行性分析与试验研究.农业工程学报,24(5):196～199
叶子良,刘荣厚,郝元元,王远远,沈飞,武丽娟.2007.沼气发酵接种物对沼气及沼液成分的影响.农机化研究,(6):82～85
袁月祥,廖银章,刘晓风. 2002.有机垃圾发酵过程中的微生物研究.微生物学杂志,22(1):22～26
袁振宏,吴创之.2005.生物质能利用原理与技术.北京化工出版社
张安荣,吴力斌,温世鼎. 1997.我国沼气技术研究应用进展和发展前景.新能源,19(7):29～34
张驰,范代娣,米钰,马晓轩,骆艳娥.2009.响应面法优化一种新型类人胶原蛋白发酵培养基.西北大学学报(自然科学版),39(2):230～236
张翠丽,杨改河,任光鑫等. 2008.温度对4种不同粪便厌氧消化产气效率及消化时间的影响.农业工程学报,24(7):209～212
张记市.2007.城市生活垃圾厌氧消化的关键生态因子强化研究[硕士学位论文].昆明:昆明理工大学
张建英,沈学优,方益萍. 1996.厌氧塘处理污水效果初探.杭州大学学报(自然科学版),23(1):45～48
张婷,杨立,王永泽等.2008.不同接种物厌氧发酵产沼气效果的比较.新能源与工艺,(4):30～33
张庭婷,李嘉薇,王双飞.2009.几种生物质原料厌氧发酵制取沼气能量转换效率的比较.造纸科学与技术,28(3):36～41
张翔,刘金.2007.接种物特性对牛粪高温厌氧发酵的影响.农机化研究,(6):86～88
张学才,高风彩.2000.泥炭制沼气的研究.煤气与热力,20(1):325.
周寿荣. 1996.草坪地被与人类环境.成都:四川科学技术出版社:55～56
朱保宁.2006.麦秸和稻草高效中温厌氧消化实验研究[硕士学位论文].北京:北京化工大学
竺建荣,胡纪萃.1997.二相厌氧消化工艺硫酸盐还原细菌的研究.环境科学,42～44
朱宗强,成官文,梁斌.2009.农业有机废弃物沼气发酵潜力的实验研究.农机化研究,(2):150～152
B,Christopherk.2005.Proceedings of international Seminaron Biogas for poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development[C].Beijing:MAG&ESCAP-UN,2005:113～121
E Rvan Mansvelt,etal. 2006. Survey of plastic Biogas digesters in Cambodia. First Meeting of Network of experts on Domestic Biogas.Hanio,Vietnam:SNV
F.J.Callaghan,DAJWase,KThayanithy,CFForster.1999.Codigestion of waste organic solids:batch studies.Bioresource Technology,67:117～122.
George simons,Zhiqin Zhang.2003.California continues push for daily power. Biocycle energy,80:23～26
H.B.Moller,B.K.Ahring 2004.Methane productivity of manure ,straw and solid fractions of manure.Biomass and bioenergy,26(5):485～495
Herbert H. P. Fang, Hong Liu. 2002. Effect of pH hydrogen production from glucose by a mixed culture.Bioresource,82:87～93
Hyun-Joon La.Kyoung-Ho KimL.Zhe-Xue Quan.Young-Gyun Cho &Sung-Taik Lee. 1998.Enhancement of sulfate reduction activity using granular sludge in anaerobic treatment of acid mine drainage. Biomass Bioenergy,4:28～31
Lastella G,Testa C,Comacchia G,etal.2002.Anaerobic digestion of semi-solid organic waste:biogas production and its purification.Energy Conversion & Managem ent,43:63～75
Liu Tuanchi, Sambhunath Ghosh. 1997.Phase separation during anaerobic fermentation of solid substrates in innovative plug-flow reactor.Water Sci Tech, 36:30～310
Matthew S.Mendis,WimJ.vaNes.The Nepal Biogas Support Program[EB/OL]. http//www.snvorld.org/cds/rgccre/Hyperlinks Energy/BSP Nepal.pdf,2006,9,6.
Radwan AM,Sebak HA,Mitry NR,El-Zanati EA,Hamad MA.1993.Dry anaerobic fermention of agricultural residues.Biomass Bioenergy, 3:33～45
VEEKEN A,HAMELERSB.1999.Effect of temperature on hydrolysis date of selected biowaste components.Biores Technol,69(3):249～254
W Paravira,M.Murto,R.Zvauya B,2004.Mattiasson.Anaerobic batch digestion of solid potatowaste alone and in combinationwithsugar beet leaves,Renewable Energy,9:1811～1823
陈广银,郑正,邹星星,杨世关.2009.牛粪对互花米草混合发酵消化过程的影响研究.环境科学,30(7):2130～2134
楚丽丽,杨改河,张翠丽等.2008.不同温度条件下农作物秸秆产期效率研究.干旱地区农业研究,26(3):190～193
方仁声.2003.沼气发酵如何正确使用搅拌.中国沼气,21(3):46
郭欧燕,李轶冰,白洁瑞,杨改河周子凡,任广鑫,冯永忠. 2009.温度对鸡粪与秸秆混合原料厌产
气特性的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),37(6):138～144
郝学财,缪静,余晓斌,周洪,汤蕾.2006.正交旋转回归试验优化纤维素酶发酵培养基.食品与生物技术学报,25(4):97～101
何国庆,熊皓平,阮晖.2005.啤酒花多酚类化合物提取工艺的优化研究.农业工程学报,21(4):163～166
贺延龄.1999.废水厌氧处理.北京:中国轻工业出版社:10～20
兰吉武,陈彬,曹伟华.2004.水葫芦厌氧发酵产气规律.黑龙江科技学院学报,14(1):18～21
李建政,汪群慧.2004.废物资源化与生物能源.北京:化学工业出版社
李丽,张无敌,尹芳. 2007.莴苣叶子沼气发酵潜力的研究.湖南农机,07:186～187
李艳梅.2005.户用沼气池的配料、换料、换料技术.农民科技培训,7:12～13
林聪.2007.沼气技术理论与工程.北京:化学工业出版社:31～37
林聪,段娜,王阳,张又红.2009.德国沼气工程的发展现状及思考.猪业科学,(7):52
刘成立,吕震宙. 2006.非线性隐式极限状态方程失效概率计算的组合响应面法.工程力学,23(2):29～33
刘德江,高桂丽,朱妍梅.2005.猪粪、牛粪、羊粪沼气发酵比较试验.塔里木大学学报,17(2):10～12
刘德江,张富年,邱桃玉. 2009.牛粪不同发酵浓度对沼气中甲烷及硫化氢含量的影响.新疆农业职业技术学院学报,8(1):23～26
李荣平,刘研萍,李秀金.2008.厨余和牛粪混合厌氧发酵产气性能试验研究.可再生能源,26(2):64～68
刘荣厚,王远远,孙辰.2009.温度对蔬菜废弃物沼气发酵产气特性的影响.农业机械学报,40(9):116～121
刘建敏.2006.农村家用沼气发酵工艺参数的优选研究[硕士学位论文]重庆:西南大学
刘翔波,李强,张敏.2009.农村生活废弃物沼气发酵的潜力研究.中国沼气,27(2):24～28
刘晓英,李秀金,董仁杰,肖勇. 2009.北京市餐厨垃圾产生状况及厌氧发酵产气潜力分析.可再生能源,27(4):61～65
卢旭珍.2004.动植物生产废弃物厌氧消化工艺研究[硕士学位论文].杨凌:西北农林科技大学
马洪儒. 2003.家用沼气池稳定产气的技术要点.可再生能源,2:29～30
莫美华,庞雄飞. 2007.二次正交旋转回归设计在小菜蛾饲料配方筛选中的应用.生态学,27(7):2935～2941
倪龙兴,史俊,陈晓玲,刘智广.1997.厌氧菌酶动力学变化可能与细菌的代谢有关.第四军医大学学报,18(4):319～322
农业部人事劳动司.2004.沼气生产工.北京:中国农业出社:67～77
潘云霞,李文哲. 2004.接种物浓度对厌氧发酵产气特性影响研究.农机化研究,(1):187– 189
彭靖.2009.对我国农业废弃物资源化利用的思考.生态环境学报,18(2):794～798
彭武厚,陆鑫. 2005.生物质能的现代化利用.能源技术,(26):102～108
蒲贵兵,王胜军,孙可伟. 2009.接种量对泔脚发酵产氢余物甲烷化的强化研究.中山大学学报(自然科学版),48(1):87～92
浦跃武,刘坚.2009.木薯渣厌氧发酵制取沼气的研究.安徽农业科学,37(29):14308～14310
秦智,任南琪,李建.2003.产酸相反应器的过酸状态及其控制.哈尔滨工业大学学报,35(9):1105～1108
邱凌,王兰英,杨鹏.2005.农村沼气工程动态发酵工艺的调控.可再生能源,119(1):47～49
徐曾符.1981.沼气工艺学.北京:农业出版社
沈东升,徐向阳,冯孝善.1996.厌氧污泥降解氯酚的驯化及其在驯化过程中的降解动力学.环境科学学报,16(3):309～316
苏有勇,张无敌.2003.马蹄莲秸秆发酵产沼气潜力的研究.农业与技术,23(6):53257
孙传伯,李云廖,梓良.2008.马铃薯皮渣沼气发酵潜力的研究.现代农业科技,(2):829
孙永明,李国学,张夫道,施晨璐,孙振钧.2005.中国农业废弃物资源化现状与发展战略.农业工程学报,21(8):169～172
孙玉芳. 2009.经济发达地区农村户用沼气发展趋向研究.中国沼气,27(5):37～38
王学涛.2001.新型高效户用沼气发酵装置试验研究[硕士学位论文].郑州:河南农业大学
魏世清,覃文能,李金怀,李勇江. 2008.水葫芦与猪粪混合厌氧发酵产沼气研究.广西林业科学,37(2):80～83
吴满昌,孙可伟,李如燕,孙艳,张海东. 2005.不同反应温度的城市生活垃圾厌氧发酵研究.化学与生物工程,(9):28～30
夏祖璋. 1994.发达国家沼气装置概述.新能源,6:9～22
杨世关,李继红,郑正.2008.互花米草厌氧生物转化可行性分析与试验研究.农业工程学报,24(5):196～199
叶子良,刘荣厚,郝元元,王远远,沈飞,武丽娟.2007.沼气发酵接种物对沼气及沼液成分的影响.农机化研究,(6):82～85
袁月祥,廖银章,刘晓风. 2002.有机垃圾发酵过程中的微生物研究.微生物学杂志,22(1):22～26
袁振宏,吴创之.2005.生物质能利用原理与技术.北京化工出版社
张安荣,吴力斌,温世鼎. 1997.我国沼气技术研究应用进展和发展前景.新能源,19(7):29～34
张驰,范代娣,米钰,马晓轩,骆艳娥.2009.响应面法优化一种新型类人胶原蛋白发酵培养基.西北大学学报(自然科学版),39(2):230～236
张翠丽,杨改河,任光鑫等. 2008.温度对4种不同粪便厌氧消化产气效率及消化时间的影响.农业工程学报,24(7):209～212
张记市.2007.城市生活垃圾厌氧消化的关键生态因子强化研究[硕士学位论文].昆明:昆明理工大学
张建英,沈学优,方益萍. 1996.厌氧塘处理污水效果初探.杭州大学学报(自然科学版),23(1):45～48
张婷,杨立,王永泽等.2008.不同接种物厌氧发酵产沼气效果的比较.新能源与工艺,(4):30～33
张庭婷,李嘉薇,王双飞.2009.几种生物质原料厌氧发酵制取沼气能量转换效率的比较.造纸科学与技术,28(3):36～41
张翔,刘金.2007.接种物特性对牛粪高温厌氧发酵的影响.农机化研究,(6):86～88
张学才,高风彩.2000.泥炭制沼气的研究.煤气与热力,20(1):325.
周寿荣. 1996.草坪地被与人类环境.成都:四川科学技术出版社:55～56
朱保宁.2006.麦秸和稻草高效中温厌氧消化实验研究[硕士学位论文].北京:北京化工大学
竺建荣,胡纪萃.1997.二相厌氧消化工艺硫酸盐还原细菌的研究.环境科学,42～44
朱宗强,成官文,梁斌.2009.农业有机废弃物沼气发酵潜力的实验研究.农机化研究,(2):150～152
B,Christopherk.2005.Proceedings of international Seminaron Biogas for poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development[C].Beijing:MAG&ESCAP-UN,2005:113～121
E Rvan Mansvelt,etal. 2006. Survey of plastic Biogas digesters in Cambodia. First Meeting of Network of experts on Domestic Biogas.Hanio,Vietnam:SNV
F.J.Callaghan,DAJWase,KThayanithy,CFForster.1999.Codigestion of waste organic solids:batch studies.Bioresource Technology,67:117～122.
George simons,Zhiqin Zhang.2003.California continues push for daily power. Biocycle energy,80:23～26
H.B.Moller,B.K.Ahring 2004.Methane productivity of manure ,straw and solid fractions of manure.Biomass and bioenergy,26(5):485～495
Herbert H. P. Fang, Hong Liu. 2002. Effect of pH hydrogen production from glucose by a mixed culture.Bioresource,82:87～93
Hyun-Joon La.Kyoung-Ho KimL.Zhe-Xue Quan.Young-Gyun Cho &Sung-Taik Lee. 1998.Enhancement of sulfate reduction activity using granular sludge in anaerobic treatment of acid mine drainage. Biomass Bioenergy,4:28～31
Lastella G,Testa C,Comacchia G,etal.2002.Anaerobic digestion of semi-solid organic waste:biogas production and its purification.Energy Conversion & Managem ent,43:63～75
Liu Tuanchi, Sambhunath Ghosh. 1997.Phase separation during anaerobic fermentation of solid substrates in innovative plug-flow reactor.Water Sci Tech, 36:30～310
Matthew S.Mendis,WimJ.vaNes.The Nepal Biogas Support Program[EB/OL]. http//www.snvorld.org/cds/rgccre/Hyperlinks Energy/BSP Nepal.pdf,2006,9,6.
Radwan AM,Sebak HA,Mitry NR,El-Zanati EA,Hamad MA.1993.Dry anaerobic fermention of agricultural residues.Biomass Bioenergy, 3:33～45
VEEKEN A,HAMELERSB.1999.Effect of temperature on hydrolysis date of selected biowaste components.Biores Technol,69(3):249～254
W Paravira,M.Murto,R.Zvauya B,2004.Mattiasson.Anaerobic batch digestion of solid potatowaste alone and in combinationwithsugar beet leaves,Renewable Energy,9:1811～1823
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |