光载射频系统中光生毫米波技术研究
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摘要
光载射频通信(ROF)是一种光纤和微波相结合的技术,利用光纤低损耗、超宽带以及抗电磁干扰等特性来传输无线信号,解决下一代超宽带无线接入中带宽和传输距离的需求,光生毫米波是实现光载射频通信的关键技术之一。本文首先分析了铌酸铝马赫-曾德尔(LN-MZ)光调制器的工作原理,并推导了基于LN-MZ调制器的光生毫米波理论模型;然后详细介绍了几种主流的毫米波产生方法,重点分析了基于外部调制器的光生毫米波系统的传输性能以及光纤色散对系统的影响;最后提出了提出一种基于双边带调制改进的光生毫米波技术,实现两路不同信号的同时长距离传输,理论分析和仿真验证了该技术不仅可以有效的抑制光纤色散对ROF系统传输性能带来的影响,提高了信号传输距离,而且增加了传输系统的频谱效率。
Radio-Over-Fiber (ROF) technique, the integrated optical and wireless access system, has been considered cost-effective and reliable for the distribution of the future wireless access networks. When ROF technique is used for the distribution of wireless signals, optical mm-wave signal generation and distribution over fiber link are desired and considered a potential cost-effective solution. In this paper, at first the author analyzes operation principle of Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator, and deduces the theoretical formula for optical mm-wave generation based on MZ modulator. Secondly, this paper introduces a variety of mainstream techniques for optically generating mm-wave, and emphasizes the transmission performance of the optical mm-wave generation by using an external modulator based of DSB, SSB and OCS intensity modulation. Finally, a novel optical mm-wave double-sideband (DSB) modulation scheme which can be used in ROF transmission is proposed, the proposed scheme can transmit two mm-wave signals simultaneously. Theoretical study and numerical simulation show that the received millimeter-wave has no periodical power fading effect, and does not have the problem of the time shift of the code edges caused by fiber chromatic dispersion. The proposed modulation scheme can increase both the spectrum efficiency and the transmission distance of ROF systems.
Radio-Over-Fiber (ROF) technique, the integrated optical and wireless access system, has been considered cost-effective and reliable for the distribution of the future wireless access networks. When ROF technique is used for the distribution of wireless signals, optical mm-wave signal generation and distribution over fiber link are desired and considered a potential cost-effective solution. In this paper, at first the author analyzes operation principle of Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator, and deduces the theoretical formula for optical mm-wave generation based on MZ modulator. Secondly, this paper introduces a variety of mainstream techniques for optically generating mm-wave, and emphasizes the transmission performance of the optical mm-wave generation by using an external modulator based of DSB, SSB and OCS intensity modulation. Finally, a novel optical mm-wave double-sideband (DSB) modulation scheme which can be used in ROF transmission is proposed, the proposed scheme can transmit two mm-wave signals simultaneously. Theoretical study and numerical simulation show that the received millimeter-wave has no periodical power fading effect, and does not have the problem of the time shift of the code edges caused by fiber chromatic dispersion. The proposed modulation scheme can increase both the spectrum efficiency and the transmission distance of ROF systems.
引文
[1]郭世满,马蕴颖,郭苏宁宽带接入技术及应用[M]。北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006
[2]彭木根,王文博下一代宽带无线通信系统[M]北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[3]徐坤,李建强面向宽带无线接入的光载射频系统北京:电子工业出版社,2009
[4] D.Novak. Fiber optics in wireless applications. 2004, OFC 2004 Short Course. 217
[5] Suman Sarkar, Sudhir Dixit, and Biswanath Mukherjee. Hybrid wireless-optical broadband-access network (WOBAN): A review of relevant challenges. 2007, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.25, No.11, pp:3329-3340
[6] S Ohmori, Y Yamao and N Nakajima. The future generations of mobile communications based on broadband access methods. 2001,Wireless Personal Communications. Vol.17, No.2, pp. 175-190
[7] B. Bing. Broadband wireless access——The next wireless revolution. 2006, Proc. 4th Annu. Commun. Netw. Services Res. Conf
[8] Shingo Ohmori. The future generation of mobile communications based on broadband access methods. Wireless Personal Communications 17:175-190,2001
[9] B.Fong, N. Ansari, and A. C. M. Fong. On the scalability of fixed broadband wireless access network deployment. 2004, IEEE Commun. Mag. Vol.42, no.9, pp.S12-S18.
[10] S. Betti, V. Carrozzo, E.Duca, and G.Parca. Radio-over-fiber (ROF) Techniques for broadband wireless LAN. 2007, IEEE Optical Networks, vol.3, pp:234-237,
[11] C P Liu, T Ismail and A J Seeds. Broadband access using wireless-over-fiber technologies. 2007, BT Technology Journal. Vol 24, No 3, pp:130-143
[12] Choi ST, Yang KS, and Nishi S. A 60-GHz point-to-point millimeter-wave fiber-radio communication system. 2006, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory, Vol.54, pp:1953-1960
[13] Jia Zhensheng, Yu Jianjun, and Ellinas. Key enabling technologies for optical-wireless networks: optical millimeter-wave generation, wavelength reuse, and architecture. 2007, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.25, No.11, pp:3452-3471
[14] Toshiaki Kuri, Hiroyuki Toda, and Ken-ichi Kitayama. Radio over fiber: DWDM-based analog/digital access networking and its enabling technologies. 2008, IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium, pp:137-140
[15] Horiuchi Y. ROF application to 3G mobile systems in offices and outdoors. 2005, International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, pp:3-4
[16] Kwansoo Lee. Radio over fiber for beyond 3G. 2005, International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics. pp: 9-10
[17] Nobuo Nakajima. ROF technologies applied for cellular and wireless systems. 2005, International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, pp:11-14
[18] K Imai, Y Horiuchi and N Edagawa. Radio over Fiber Distribution System with OEO Repeater for 3G Cellular Systems. 2006, Optical Fiber Communication
[19] Xiaohu Yu, Guoan Chen, Ming Chen, and Xiqi gao. Toward Beyond 3G: the future project in China. 2005, IEEE Communications Magazine, pp:70-75
[20] Goloubkoff M, Penard M, Penard E, Tanguy D at al. Outdoor and indoor application for broadband local loop with fiber supported mm-wave radio systems. 1997, IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest, Vol.31 No.1, pp: 31-34
[21] Hong Bong Kim, Marc Emmelmann, Berthold at al. A radio over fiber network architecture for road vehicle communication systems. 2005, In Proc. Of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference
[22] Yoshiharu Okamoto, Ryoichi Miyamoto, and Masayuki Yasunaga. Radio-on-fiber access network systems for road-vehicle communication. 2001, IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings-Oakland (CA) USA-August pp:25-29
[23] Kohshi Abe, Teruo Tobana, Takayuki Sasamori at al. A study on a road-vehicle communication system for the future intelligent transport systems. 2000, Proc.Parallel and Distributed Sys. International Conf. pp:343-348
[24] Goloubkoff M, Penard E, and Tanguy D. Outdoor and indoor applications for broadband local loop with fiber supported mm-wave radio systems. 1997, IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest. Vol.31, No.1, pp: 31-33
[25] Ton Koonen, Anthony Ng’oma, Peter Smulders at al. In-house networks using multimode polymer optical fiber for broadband wireless services. 2003, Photonic Network Communications. Vol:5, No.2, pp:177-187
[26] K. Garenaux, and T. Merlet. Recent breakthroughs in RF photonics for radar systems. 2007, IEEE A&E Systems Magazine, Vol.22, No.2, pp:3-8
[27] Greg Abernathy. Advanced avionics optical network. 2005, IEEE Avionics Fiber-Optics and Photonics, pp:20-22
[28] Steve Bram and Xuejun Michael Meng. Advanced optical network. 2006, IEEE Aerospace Conference, pp:1-14
[29] R. P. Braun, G. GrosskROF , D. Rohde at al. Optical millimeter- wave generation and transmission experiments for mobile 60GHz band communications. 1996, IEEE Electron. Letts, Vol. 32, No.7, pp.626～628
[30] A.stohr, R. Hemzelmann, C. Kaezmarek, et al. Ultra- broadband Ka to W- band 1.55um traveling- wave photomixer. 2000, IEEE Electron. Lettes, Vol.36, No.11, pp.970～972
[31] A. C. Bordonalli, C. Walton, and Alwyn J. Seeds. High - Performance Phase Locking of Wide Linewidth Semiconductor Lasers by Combined Use of Optical Injection Locking and Optical Phase-Lock Loop [J].1999, Lightwave Technology, Vol.17, No.2, pp:328～341
[32] Jia Zhensheng, Yu Jianjun, Georgios Ellians at al. Key enabling technologies for optical-wireless networks: Optical millimeter-wave generation wavelength reuse, and architecture. 2007, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.25, No.11, pp:3452-3471
[33] Miguel A. Piqueras, Borja Vidal, Holger Pfrommer at al. Radio-over-fiber multi-service mm-wave interconnection with photonic up-conversion, dual band remote delivery and photonic envelop detection. 2006, IEEE MTT-S International, pp:2035-2038
[34] Tae-Sik Cho and Kiseon Kim. Optimization of radio-over-fiber systems employing ODSB signals by utilizing a dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulation against IM3. 2006, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. Vol.18, no.9, pp:1076-1078
[35] Ma Jianxin, Yu Jianjun, Yu Chongxiu at al. Fiber dispersion influence on transmission of the optical millimeter-waves generated using LN-MZM intensity modulation. 2007, Journal of Lightwave Technology. Vol.25, no.11, pp:3244-3256
[36] Ma Jianxin, Yu Jianjun, Yu Chongxiu at al. Transmission performance of the optical mm-wave generated by double sideband intensity-modulation. 2007, Opt Commun, Vol.280, No.2, pp:317–326.
[37] Biagio Masella and Zhang Xiupu. Linearized optical single-sideband Mach-Zehnder modulator for radio-over-fiber systems. 2007, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.19, No.24 ,pp:2024-2026
[38] Daniel Fonseca, Adolfo V. T. Cartaxo, and Paulo Monteiro. Optical single-sideband transmitter for various Electrical signaling formats. 2006, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.24, No.5, pp:2059-2069
[39] Yu Jianjun, Huang Ming-Fang, Jia Zhensheng at al. A novel scheme to generate single-sideband millimeter-wave signals by using low-frequency local oscillatorsignal. 2008, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.20, No.7, pp:478-480
[40] Hai-Han Lu, Wen-Shing Tsai, Hsiang-Chun Peng at al. A comparison between optical SSB transmitter/fiber in a full-duplex radio-on-fiber transport system. 2005, IEEE Communication Letters, Vol.9, No.7, pp:649-651
[41] Myunghun Shin and Prem Kumar. 1.25Gbps optical data channel up-conversion in 20 GHz-band via a frequency-doubling optoelectronic oscillator for radio-over-fiber systems. 2007, IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, pp:63-66
[42] Myunghun Shin and Prem Kumar. Optical microwave frequency up-conversion via a frequency-doubling optoelectronic oscillator. 2007, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.19, No.21, pp:1726-1728
[43] Ma Jianxin, Yu Chongxiu, Zhou Zhen at al. Optical mm-wave generation by using external modulator based on optical carrier suppression. 2006, Optics Commun ications, Vol.168, No.1, pp:51–7.
[44] Jianxin Ma, Chongxiu Yu, and Jianjun Yu等.Transmission performance of the optical mm-wave signals generated by optical carrier suppression. IEEE 2006
[45] Juan L. Corral, Javier Marti and Jose M. Fuster. General expression for IM/DD dispersive analoy optical links with external modulation or optical up-conversion in a Mach-Zehnder electrooptical modulation. 2001, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.49, No.10, pp:1968-1976
[46] Ma Jianxin, Yu Jianjun, Yu Chongxiu at al. The influence of fiber dispersion on the code form of the optical mm-wave signals generated by single sideband intensity modulation. 2007 Optics Communications, Vol.271, No.2, pp:396–403.
[47] Wu Caiqin and Zhang Xiupu. Impact of nonlinear distortion in radio over fiber systems with single-sideband and tandem single-sideband subcarrier modulation. 2006, Journal of lightwave Technology, vVol.24, No.5 , pp:2076-2090
[48] Ma Jianxin, Yu Jianjun, and Xin Xiangjun. Fiber dispersion influence on transmission of the optical millimeter-waves generated using LN-MZM intensity modulation. 2007, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.25, No.11, pp:3244-3256
[2]彭木根,王文博下一代宽带无线通信系统[M]北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[3]徐坤,李建强面向宽带无线接入的光载射频系统北京:电子工业出版社,2009
[4] D.Novak. Fiber optics in wireless applications. 2004, OFC 2004 Short Course. 217
[5] Suman Sarkar, Sudhir Dixit, and Biswanath Mukherjee. Hybrid wireless-optical broadband-access network (WOBAN): A review of relevant challenges. 2007, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.25, No.11, pp:3329-3340
[6] S Ohmori, Y Yamao and N Nakajima. The future generations of mobile communications based on broadband access methods. 2001,Wireless Personal Communications. Vol.17, No.2, pp. 175-190
[7] B. Bing. Broadband wireless access——The next wireless revolution. 2006, Proc. 4th Annu. Commun. Netw. Services Res. Conf
[8] Shingo Ohmori. The future generation of mobile communications based on broadband access methods. Wireless Personal Communications 17:175-190,2001
[9] B.Fong, N. Ansari, and A. C. M. Fong. On the scalability of fixed broadband wireless access network deployment. 2004, IEEE Commun. Mag. Vol.42, no.9, pp.S12-S18.
[10] S. Betti, V. Carrozzo, E.Duca, and G.Parca. Radio-over-fiber (ROF) Techniques for broadband wireless LAN. 2007, IEEE Optical Networks, vol.3, pp:234-237,
[11] C P Liu, T Ismail and A J Seeds. Broadband access using wireless-over-fiber technologies. 2007, BT Technology Journal. Vol 24, No 3, pp:130-143
[12] Choi ST, Yang KS, and Nishi S. A 60-GHz point-to-point millimeter-wave fiber-radio communication system. 2006, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory, Vol.54, pp:1953-1960
[13] Jia Zhensheng, Yu Jianjun, and Ellinas. Key enabling technologies for optical-wireless networks: optical millimeter-wave generation, wavelength reuse, and architecture. 2007, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.25, No.11, pp:3452-3471
[14] Toshiaki Kuri, Hiroyuki Toda, and Ken-ichi Kitayama. Radio over fiber: DWDM-based analog/digital access networking and its enabling technologies. 2008, IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium, pp:137-140
[15] Horiuchi Y. ROF application to 3G mobile systems in offices and outdoors. 2005, International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, pp:3-4
[16] Kwansoo Lee. Radio over fiber for beyond 3G. 2005, International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics. pp: 9-10
[17] Nobuo Nakajima. ROF technologies applied for cellular and wireless systems. 2005, International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, pp:11-14
[18] K Imai, Y Horiuchi and N Edagawa. Radio over Fiber Distribution System with OEO Repeater for 3G Cellular Systems. 2006, Optical Fiber Communication
[19] Xiaohu Yu, Guoan Chen, Ming Chen, and Xiqi gao. Toward Beyond 3G: the future project in China. 2005, IEEE Communications Magazine, pp:70-75
[20] Goloubkoff M, Penard M, Penard E, Tanguy D at al. Outdoor and indoor application for broadband local loop with fiber supported mm-wave radio systems. 1997, IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest, Vol.31 No.1, pp: 31-34
[21] Hong Bong Kim, Marc Emmelmann, Berthold at al. A radio over fiber network architecture for road vehicle communication systems. 2005, In Proc. Of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference
[22] Yoshiharu Okamoto, Ryoichi Miyamoto, and Masayuki Yasunaga. Radio-on-fiber access network systems for road-vehicle communication. 2001, IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings-Oakland (CA) USA-August pp:25-29
[23] Kohshi Abe, Teruo Tobana, Takayuki Sasamori at al. A study on a road-vehicle communication system for the future intelligent transport systems. 2000, Proc.Parallel and Distributed Sys. International Conf. pp:343-348
[24] Goloubkoff M, Penard E, and Tanguy D. Outdoor and indoor applications for broadband local loop with fiber supported mm-wave radio systems. 1997, IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest. Vol.31, No.1, pp: 31-33
[25] Ton Koonen, Anthony Ng’oma, Peter Smulders at al. In-house networks using multimode polymer optical fiber for broadband wireless services. 2003, Photonic Network Communications. Vol:5, No.2, pp:177-187
[26] K. Garenaux, and T. Merlet. Recent breakthroughs in RF photonics for radar systems. 2007, IEEE A&E Systems Magazine, Vol.22, No.2, pp:3-8
[27] Greg Abernathy. Advanced avionics optical network. 2005, IEEE Avionics Fiber-Optics and Photonics, pp:20-22
[28] Steve Bram and Xuejun Michael Meng. Advanced optical network. 2006, IEEE Aerospace Conference, pp:1-14
[29] R. P. Braun, G. GrosskROF , D. Rohde at al. Optical millimeter- wave generation and transmission experiments for mobile 60GHz band communications. 1996, IEEE Electron. Letts, Vol. 32, No.7, pp.626～628
[30] A.stohr, R. Hemzelmann, C. Kaezmarek, et al. Ultra- broadband Ka to W- band 1.55um traveling- wave photomixer. 2000, IEEE Electron. Lettes, Vol.36, No.11, pp.970～972
[31] A. C. Bordonalli, C. Walton, and Alwyn J. Seeds. High - Performance Phase Locking of Wide Linewidth Semiconductor Lasers by Combined Use of Optical Injection Locking and Optical Phase-Lock Loop [J].1999, Lightwave Technology, Vol.17, No.2, pp:328～341
[32] Jia Zhensheng, Yu Jianjun, Georgios Ellians at al. Key enabling technologies for optical-wireless networks: Optical millimeter-wave generation wavelength reuse, and architecture. 2007, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.25, No.11, pp:3452-3471
[33] Miguel A. Piqueras, Borja Vidal, Holger Pfrommer at al. Radio-over-fiber multi-service mm-wave interconnection with photonic up-conversion, dual band remote delivery and photonic envelop detection. 2006, IEEE MTT-S International, pp:2035-2038
[34] Tae-Sik Cho and Kiseon Kim. Optimization of radio-over-fiber systems employing ODSB signals by utilizing a dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulation against IM3. 2006, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. Vol.18, no.9, pp:1076-1078
[35] Ma Jianxin, Yu Jianjun, Yu Chongxiu at al. Fiber dispersion influence on transmission of the optical millimeter-waves generated using LN-MZM intensity modulation. 2007, Journal of Lightwave Technology. Vol.25, no.11, pp:3244-3256
[36] Ma Jianxin, Yu Jianjun, Yu Chongxiu at al. Transmission performance of the optical mm-wave generated by double sideband intensity-modulation. 2007, Opt Commun, Vol.280, No.2, pp:317–326.
[37] Biagio Masella and Zhang Xiupu. Linearized optical single-sideband Mach-Zehnder modulator for radio-over-fiber systems. 2007, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.19, No.24 ,pp:2024-2026
[38] Daniel Fonseca, Adolfo V. T. Cartaxo, and Paulo Monteiro. Optical single-sideband transmitter for various Electrical signaling formats. 2006, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.24, No.5, pp:2059-2069
[39] Yu Jianjun, Huang Ming-Fang, Jia Zhensheng at al. A novel scheme to generate single-sideband millimeter-wave signals by using low-frequency local oscillatorsignal. 2008, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.20, No.7, pp:478-480
[40] Hai-Han Lu, Wen-Shing Tsai, Hsiang-Chun Peng at al. A comparison between optical SSB transmitter/fiber in a full-duplex radio-on-fiber transport system. 2005, IEEE Communication Letters, Vol.9, No.7, pp:649-651
[41] Myunghun Shin and Prem Kumar. 1.25Gbps optical data channel up-conversion in 20 GHz-band via a frequency-doubling optoelectronic oscillator for radio-over-fiber systems. 2007, IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, pp:63-66
[42] Myunghun Shin and Prem Kumar. Optical microwave frequency up-conversion via a frequency-doubling optoelectronic oscillator. 2007, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.19, No.21, pp:1726-1728
[43] Ma Jianxin, Yu Chongxiu, Zhou Zhen at al. Optical mm-wave generation by using external modulator based on optical carrier suppression. 2006, Optics Commun ications, Vol.168, No.1, pp:51–7.
[44] Jianxin Ma, Chongxiu Yu, and Jianjun Yu等.Transmission performance of the optical mm-wave signals generated by optical carrier suppression. IEEE 2006
[45] Juan L. Corral, Javier Marti and Jose M. Fuster. General expression for IM/DD dispersive analoy optical links with external modulation or optical up-conversion in a Mach-Zehnder electrooptical modulation. 2001, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.49, No.10, pp:1968-1976
[46] Ma Jianxin, Yu Jianjun, Yu Chongxiu at al. The influence of fiber dispersion on the code form of the optical mm-wave signals generated by single sideband intensity modulation. 2007 Optics Communications, Vol.271, No.2, pp:396–403.
[47] Wu Caiqin and Zhang Xiupu. Impact of nonlinear distortion in radio over fiber systems with single-sideband and tandem single-sideband subcarrier modulation. 2006, Journal of lightwave Technology, vVol.24, No.5 , pp:2076-2090
[48] Ma Jianxin, Yu Jianjun, and Xin Xiangjun. Fiber dispersion influence on transmission of the optical millimeter-waves generated using LN-MZM intensity modulation. 2007, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.25, No.11, pp:3244-3256
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