超临界CO_2抽提对煤的改性实验研究
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摘要
我国煤层大多是低渗透煤层,煤层气开采难度很大,煤矿瓦斯事故形式严峻。论文针对低渗透煤层煤层气开采过程中煤体渗透性较低的难题,结合超临界CO2萃取技术的特点,寻求提高低渗透煤体渗透性以及提高煤层气抽放效率的方法。为此,在实验室内进行了CO2和CH4的单相吸附实验、超临界CO2对煤样的抽提改造实验、超临界CO2作用前后煤样的渗透率测试实验、超临界CO2作用前后煤样的显微CT实验。以超临界CO2特有的物理化学性质、煤体力学特性和煤体内瓦斯渗流特性为基础,对上述实验的实验结果进行了深入的分析与探讨,研究了实验过程中煤体内部孔隙、裂隙衍生发展的规律及机理。通过机理分析知道,超临界CO2改善煤的渗透性其实质是一个传质的过程。实验结果显示,相同条件下煤样对CO2吸附能力高于对CH4的吸附能力;经历过超临界CO2作用的煤样,从细观和宏观角度观察,都有明显变化发生;孔隙、裂隙数量增多,即孔隙率增大;渗透性明显增强,相同条件下的经过超临界CO2抽提实验的煤样较原始煤样渗透率明显增大,其渗透率平均增大近10倍。
总之,超临界CO2在改造低渗透煤层渗透性过程中作用明显,对煤矿安全及煤层气安全、高效开采具有重要指导意义。
Since most of the coal seam in our country is of low-permeability, the exploiting of coal methane is very difficult and the accident caused by coal methane is severe.The article is mainly focused on the problems of low-permeability of coal seam and the advantages of supercritical CO2, and it is aimed at find ways to improve the permeability of low permeability coal seam and to improve the efficiency of the extraction of coal methane. In this respect, the experiment of adsorption of CO2 and CH4, and the experiment of the extraction of coal by supercritical CO2 have been done in the laboratory. The testing of permeability before and after the supercritical experiment of coal and the Micro-CT experiment of coal before and after the extraction by supercritical CO2 have also been done. Some further analysis of the results has been done based on the Physical and Chemical Character, the Mechanical properties and the Seepage of coal. It discussed the law and the Mechanism of the Development of the fracture and porosity in coal. The process can essentially been described as the transfer of the quality. The results show that the adsorptive ability of CO2 is higher than that of CH4. And many obvious changes have appeared after the experiment, no matter it is focused on microcosmic or on microcosmic. The number of fracture and porosity increased greatly, that’s to say that the rate of the pore of coal increased. The penetrative ability of coal has been improved significantly after extractive experiments by supercritical CO2. The permeability of coal increased nearly 10 times on average.
In conclusion, supercritical CO2 in the transformation process of low-permeability coal seam permeability obvious effect on the safety of coal mine safety and coal bed methane, efficient exploitation of important guiding significance. ?
总之,超临界CO2在改造低渗透煤层渗透性过程中作用明显,对煤矿安全及煤层气安全、高效开采具有重要指导意义。
Since most of the coal seam in our country is of low-permeability, the exploiting of coal methane is very difficult and the accident caused by coal methane is severe.The article is mainly focused on the problems of low-permeability of coal seam and the advantages of supercritical CO2, and it is aimed at find ways to improve the permeability of low permeability coal seam and to improve the efficiency of the extraction of coal methane. In this respect, the experiment of adsorption of CO2 and CH4, and the experiment of the extraction of coal by supercritical CO2 have been done in the laboratory. The testing of permeability before and after the supercritical experiment of coal and the Micro-CT experiment of coal before and after the extraction by supercritical CO2 have also been done. Some further analysis of the results has been done based on the Physical and Chemical Character, the Mechanical properties and the Seepage of coal. It discussed the law and the Mechanism of the Development of the fracture and porosity in coal. The process can essentially been described as the transfer of the quality. The results show that the adsorptive ability of CO2 is higher than that of CH4. And many obvious changes have appeared after the experiment, no matter it is focused on microcosmic or on microcosmic. The number of fracture and porosity increased greatly, that’s to say that the rate of the pore of coal increased. The penetrative ability of coal has been improved significantly after extractive experiments by supercritical CO2. The permeability of coal increased nearly 10 times on average.
In conclusion, supercritical CO2 in the transformation process of low-permeability coal seam permeability obvious effect on the safety of coal mine safety and coal bed methane, efficient exploitation of important guiding significance. ?
引文
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[3]高坤.低透气性煤层瓦斯抽放定向钻进技术研究[D].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2005.
[4]《煤矿瓦斯治理与利用总体方案》编写小组.煤矿瓦斯治理与应用总体方案. 2005.
[5]李毅中.在全国煤矿安全改造和瓦斯治理工作电视电话会议上的讲话.2005.
[6] Goodman RE Methods of geological engineering in dis continuous rocks West Publishing Company,1977.
[7] Brooks J D and Smith J W、The diage. sts of plantlds during the formation of coal,Petroleum and natural gas hydrocarbons Deochimica et cosmochimica Asia,1967,31:2389-2397.
[8] TerzaghiK Theoretical Soil Mechanics. Wily,New york,1943.
[9] CLARKSON C R,BUSTIN R M. Binary gas adsorption/desorption isotherms: effect of moisture and coal composition upon carbon dioxide selectivity over methane[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology.2000, 42(4): 241-272.
[10] ZUBER M D. Production characteristics and reservoir analysis of coal bed methane reservoirs[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1998,38(1-2): 27-45.
[11] REZNIK A A, AINGH P K, FOLEY W L.An analysis of the effect of CO2injection on the recovery of in-situ methane from Bituminous coal: an experimental simulation[J]. SPE Journal.1984,24(5): 521-528.
[12]程林峰.煤层气注入增产法探讨[J].中国煤层气,2006,3(3):40-43.
[13]吴世跃,郭勇义.注气开采煤层气增产机制的研究[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(2):199-203.
[14]唐书恒,汤达祯,杨起.二元气体等温吸附实验及其对煤层甲烷开发的意义[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(2):219-223.
[15]唐书恒,汤达祯,杨起.二元气体等温吸附-解吸实验中气体组分的变化规律[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(4):448-452.
[16]孙可明,梁冰.注气开采煤层多组分流体扩散渗流问题研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报, 2005 ,24(8): 305-308.
[17] Charoensom Andrew T R, Martin J, Kobayashi R. Fluid Phase Equslib. 1986,31-89.
[18] Hannay J B, Hongarth J. Proc. Ray. Soc.1879,29-324.
[19]朱恩俊.啤酒花超临界二氧化碳萃取分馏技术[M].陕西:西北农林科技大学出版社,2007:22-74.
[20]张镜澄.超临界流体萃取[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2002:7-26.
[21] Stahl E, Schilz W et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1978,17-713.
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