西部城乡金融二元结构与二元经济转换关系研究
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摘要
西部地区具有显著的城乡金融二元结构和经济二元结构,面临消解经济二元性以及统筹城乡金融发展的艰巨任务。基于此,本文首先以金融发展理论和二元经济转换理论为基础,从宏观和微观两个视角阐释了金融二元性和经济二元性之间关系,即在宏观方面,金融二元性可以通过影响城乡资本积累和技术进步,进而影响经济二元性的转换；在微观方面,金融二元性可以通过影响城乡居民的金融参与成本以及人力资本积累面临的信贷约束等方式加剧经济的二元性。随后,运用西部历年的经济金融数据对西部城乡金融二元性和经济的二元性进行了测度。研究发现,西部城乡金融在金融资产、金融市场、金融深化以及金融服务等方面存在显著差异；而城乡经济二元性主要体现在产出的二元性、收入的二元性以及消费的二元性等方面。接着运用面板数据模型对两者之间的关系进行了实证检验并对实证结果进行了进一步的解释。研究表明,西部城乡金融二元性和经济二元性之间互为因果,金融的二元性加剧了经济的二元性。金融二元性加剧经济二元性背后的深层次原因主要包括：第一,政府控制金融资源；第二,农村金融制度和经济制度变迁不协调；第三,农村金融制度变迁动力中农村经济主体缺失；第四,农村金融制度结构的支农功能弱化；第六,农村金融市场发育不足制约了“三农”发展。最后,提出了统筹城乡金融发展,促进二元经济转换的金融对策,具体包括：树立系统思维,统筹城乡金融发展；完善农村金融制度,加大金融支农力度；培育农村金融市场,拓宽农村融资渠道等。
The western region has significant urban-rural dual structure of financial and economic structure, facing the challenge on digestion of economic dual structure, and balancing urban-rural economic and financial development. Based on this, this paper explains the relationship between dual nature of the financial and economic, on the basis of theory of financial development and duality economic change, from the macro and micro perspective, Then, we measured the urban-rural finance and the economy duality using the western calendar year economic and financial data. We found that urban-rural finance in the western were significantly different on financial assets, financial markets, financial deepening and financial services; and Rural Economy dual duality is mainly embodied in the duality of output, income and consumption, and other aspects. Then, we use the panel data model to do empirical test and explain the empirical results. The results show that there is reciprocal causation between the duality of the western urban-rural finance, and economic duality, the duality of financial aggravated economic duality. Increasing the dual nature of the financial economic duality is the deep reason behind the government's mandatory major changes in the rural financial system, resulting in rural financial foreign born in the rural economy, rural finance and economic relations of balance. Finally, we give some financial measures about the urban-rural financial development, and the promotion of dual economic transformation, such as specifically including foster systems thinking, urban and rural finance development; improve rural financial system, increase financial support for agriculture; nurture rural financial markets, expand rural financing channels and so on.
The western region has significant urban-rural dual structure of financial and economic structure, facing the challenge on digestion of economic dual structure, and balancing urban-rural economic and financial development. Based on this, this paper explains the relationship between dual nature of the financial and economic, on the basis of theory of financial development and duality economic change, from the macro and micro perspective, Then, we measured the urban-rural finance and the economy duality using the western calendar year economic and financial data. We found that urban-rural finance in the western were significantly different on financial assets, financial markets, financial deepening and financial services; and Rural Economy dual duality is mainly embodied in the duality of output, income and consumption, and other aspects. Then, we use the panel data model to do empirical test and explain the empirical results. The results show that there is reciprocal causation between the duality of the western urban-rural finance, and economic duality, the duality of financial aggravated economic duality. Increasing the dual nature of the financial economic duality is the deep reason behind the government's mandatory major changes in the rural financial system, resulting in rural financial foreign born in the rural economy, rural finance and economic relations of balance. Finally, we give some financial measures about the urban-rural financial development, and the promotion of dual economic transformation, such as specifically including foster systems thinking, urban and rural finance development; improve rural financial system, increase financial support for agriculture; nurture rural financial markets, expand rural financing channels and so on.
引文
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[29]田霖.基于统筹联通的农村金融体系重构[J].财经研究,2008(5)：29-39
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[31]张兵,朱建华.我国农村金融深化的实证检验与比较研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2002(2)：105-109
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[34]雷钧,宋清华,中国城乡金融结构与经济发展关系的实证分析[J].浙江工商大学学报2007年第5期59-65
[35]文峰.制度变迁与中国二元经济结构转换研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2008：248-252
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[37]刘易斯.二元经济论[M].北京：北京经济学院出版社,1989
[38]Fei.C.H, Ranis,G A Theory of Economic Development[J].American Economic Review,1961,(9):1213-1332
[39]Jorgenson D W. Surplus agricultural labor and the development of a dual economy[M]. Oxford:Oxford Economics Papers,1967:678-712
[40]Rakshit, M. L. Labour Surplus Economy:A Neo-Keynesian Approach. Macmillan India Press,1982
[41]Pagano, M. Financial Markets and Growth:An Overview European Economic Review,1993, V37:613-622
[42]夏耕.中国城乡二元经济结构转换研究：要素流动,制度变迁,市场机制与政府作用[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2005：35-60
[43]Diamond, D. W. Dybving, P. H. Bank Runs, Deposit Insurance, and Liquidity [J] Journal of Political Economy,1983,91(3):401-419
[44]Bencivenga V. Smith B. and Starr R. Transactions Costs Technology Choice and Endogenous Growth [J]. Jounal of Economic,1995,67(l):153-177
[45]Jensen,M.C, and K.J. Murphy. Performance Pay and Top-Management Incentives [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1990,98(2):225-264
[46]Stiglitz, J. and A. Weiss. Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information [J].American Economic Review,1981,(71):181-214
[47]Stiglitz, J. and A. Weiss. Incentive Effects of Terminations:Applications to the Credit and Labor Markets [J].American Economic Review,1983,(73):912-927
[48]Bencivenga, V. R. and B. D. Smith. Financial Intermediation and Endogenous Growth [J].Reviews of Economic Studies,1991,58(1):195-209
[49]King, R. G. and R. Levine. Finance, Entrepreneurship, and growth:theory and evidence [J].Journal of Monetary Economic,1993,(32):513-542
[50]Levine, R. Stock. Markets, Growth, and Tax Policy [J].The Journal of Finance,1991,(46): 1445-1465
[51]曾康霖.二元金融与区域金融[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2008：27-29
[52]戈德史密斯.金融结构与金融发展[M].上海：上海人民出版社,1994：44-328
[53]赵楠.中国各地区金融发展与固定资产投资实证研究[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2008
[54]王志强,孙刚.中国金融发展规模、结构、效率与经济增长关系的经验分析[J].管理世界,2003(7)：13-20
[55]王志刚.面板数据模型及其在经济分析中的应用[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2008：3-4
[56]郑知行.面板数据分析方法对购买力平价检验的实证研究[J].长春工业大学学报(自然科学版),2008(2)：116-117
[57]徐璋勇,王红莉.基于农户金融需求视角的金融抑制问题研究—来自陕西2098户农户调研的实证研究[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009(5)：47-54
[58]苏亚拉图.借鉴国际经验改革和完善我国西部农村金融服务体系[EB／OL].http://www.snzg.com.cn/old/readnews.asp?newsid=2899
[59]熊德平.农村金融与农村经济协调发展研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009
[60]张杰：中国金融制度的结构与变迁[M].太原：山西经济出版社,1998
[61]王曙光.农村金融学[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2008：38-45
[62]杨德勇.城乡金融发展协调战略—北京地区典型案例分析[M].北京：知识产权出版社,2009：136-137
[2]唐双宁.推荐农村金融改革的思路[J].当代经济,2008(7)：8-10
[3]海拉·明特.发展中国家经济学[M].伦敦：哈钦森大学图书馆,1964
[4]Mckinnon, R. Money and Capital in Economic Development[M].Washington, D C, Rookings Institution.1973.
[5]Galbis, V. Financial Intermediation and Economic Growth in Less-Developed Countries:A Theoretical Approach [J].Journal of Development studies,1977,13(2):58-72
[6]Abhijit, V. Banerjee and Andrew F. Newman. Information, the Dual Economy, and Development [J].the Review of Economic Studies,1998,65(10):631-653
[7]Greenwood,J. and B.Jovanovic. Financial Development, Growth, and the Distribution of Income. Journal of Political Economy,1990 Vol.98:1076-1107
[8]Aghion,P. and P.Bolton. A Theory of Trickle-Down Growth and Development. Review of Economic Studies,1997,Vol.64:151-172
[9]Matsuyama,K. Endogenous Inequality. Reviews of Economic Studies,2000,Vol.67:743-759
[10]Abhijit,V.Banerjee and Andrew F. Newman. Occupational Choice and the Process of Development Journal of Political Economy 1993, Vol.101 No.2:274-298
[11]Li,H.,L.Squire,and H.Zou. Explaining International and Intertemporal Variations in Incong Inequality.Economic Journal,1998,Vol.108:26-43
[12]Clarke,G.,C.L.Xu, and H.zou. Finance and Income Inequality:Test of Alternative Theories World Bank Police Research Working Paper,2002:1984:2002
[13]徐晓东,谢元态等.二元经济结构下我国新型农村资本支持体系研究[J].金融论坛,2004(8)：3-8
[14]陈亮.二元经济下中国农村金融服务体系问题研究[D].北京：中国人民大学,2006
[15]李喜梅,彭建刚.二元经济结构改变中农业资金投入问题研究[J].求索,2005(8)：8-11
[16]张岑遥.中国金融结构在二元经济转换中的作用机制研究[D].中国人民大学：2006：69-74
[17]王修华,马柯等.金融发挥促进二元经济结构转换的内在机理研究[J].财经理论与实践,2009(3)：19-23
[18]高帆.论二元经济结构的转换趋向[J].经济研究,2005(9)：91-102
[19]陈刚,尹希果.中国金融中介增长与城乡二元对比系数[J].山西财经大学学报,2008(5)：100-106
[20]王少国.金融发展在二元经济结构转换中的金融贡献[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2005
[21]周振,谢家智,高庆鹏.内生金融发展的二元经济增长模型[J].金融理论与实践2008(1)：20-23
[22]王少国.金融发展在二元经济结构转换中的金融贡献[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2005
[23]彭建刚,李关政,我国金融发展与二元经济结构内在关系实证分析[J].金融研究,2006(4)：90-100
[24]王修华,黄明.中国金融发展与二元经济结构转化的实证检验[J].统计与决策,2007(22)：68-70
[25]周振,谢家智,金融发展与二元经济结构实证关系研究：重庆个案[J].金融理论与实践,2007(11)：22-24
[26]黄明.区域金融发展与二元经济结构关系的实证研究[J].财会月刊,2009(27)：49-50
[27]孙立军.金融发展与二元经济结构转换的因果关系[J].华东经济管理,2009(2)：41-44
[28]漆腊应,方洁.中国金融问题前沿2006[M].北京：中国财政经济出版社,2007：199-201
[29]田霖.基于统筹联通的农村金融体系重构[J].财经研究,2008(5)：29-39
[30]韩正清.中国城乡金融二元结构强度分析[J].农村经济,2009(5)：62-65
[31]张兵,朱建华.我国农村金融深化的实证检验与比较研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2002(2)：105-109
[32]姚耀军,鲁涛.中国农村金融发展的规模、结构与效率[J].改革,2004(5)
[33]徐小怡,卢鸿鹏.我国城乡二元金融结构及其原因探析[J].农村经济,2007(8)：66-69
[34]雷钧,宋清华,中国城乡金融结构与经济发展关系的实证分析[J].浙江工商大学学报2007年第5期59-65
[35]文峰.制度变迁与中国二元经济结构转换研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2008：248-252
[36王千六.基于城乡经济二元结构背景下的城乡金融二元结构研究.重庆：西南大学,2009
[37]刘易斯.二元经济论[M].北京：北京经济学院出版社,1989
[38]Fei.C.H, Ranis,G A Theory of Economic Development[J].American Economic Review,1961,(9):1213-1332
[39]Jorgenson D W. Surplus agricultural labor and the development of a dual economy[M]. Oxford:Oxford Economics Papers,1967:678-712
[40]Rakshit, M. L. Labour Surplus Economy:A Neo-Keynesian Approach. Macmillan India Press,1982
[41]Pagano, M. Financial Markets and Growth:An Overview European Economic Review,1993, V37:613-622
[42]夏耕.中国城乡二元经济结构转换研究：要素流动,制度变迁,市场机制与政府作用[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2005：35-60
[43]Diamond, D. W. Dybving, P. H. Bank Runs, Deposit Insurance, and Liquidity [J] Journal of Political Economy,1983,91(3):401-419
[44]Bencivenga V. Smith B. and Starr R. Transactions Costs Technology Choice and Endogenous Growth [J]. Jounal of Economic,1995,67(l):153-177
[45]Jensen,M.C, and K.J. Murphy. Performance Pay and Top-Management Incentives [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1990,98(2):225-264
[46]Stiglitz, J. and A. Weiss. Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information [J].American Economic Review,1981,(71):181-214
[47]Stiglitz, J. and A. Weiss. Incentive Effects of Terminations:Applications to the Credit and Labor Markets [J].American Economic Review,1983,(73):912-927
[48]Bencivenga, V. R. and B. D. Smith. Financial Intermediation and Endogenous Growth [J].Reviews of Economic Studies,1991,58(1):195-209
[49]King, R. G. and R. Levine. Finance, Entrepreneurship, and growth:theory and evidence [J].Journal of Monetary Economic,1993,(32):513-542
[50]Levine, R. Stock. Markets, Growth, and Tax Policy [J].The Journal of Finance,1991,(46): 1445-1465
[51]曾康霖.二元金融与区域金融[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2008：27-29
[52]戈德史密斯.金融结构与金融发展[M].上海：上海人民出版社,1994：44-328
[53]赵楠.中国各地区金融发展与固定资产投资实证研究[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2008
[54]王志强,孙刚.中国金融发展规模、结构、效率与经济增长关系的经验分析[J].管理世界,2003(7)：13-20
[55]王志刚.面板数据模型及其在经济分析中的应用[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2008：3-4
[56]郑知行.面板数据分析方法对购买力平价检验的实证研究[J].长春工业大学学报(自然科学版),2008(2)：116-117
[57]徐璋勇,王红莉.基于农户金融需求视角的金融抑制问题研究—来自陕西2098户农户调研的实证研究[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009(5)：47-54
[58]苏亚拉图.借鉴国际经验改革和完善我国西部农村金融服务体系[EB／OL].http://www.snzg.com.cn/old/readnews.asp?newsid=2899
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