复合式防波堤消波性能试验研究
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摘要
目前透空式防波堤的研究和实际应用取得了一定的进展,但透空式防波堤当前作为海岸工程的永久性防浪设施,尚存在如下的诸多问题：防波堤透空后,部分波浪能量可进入港内,使港内波浪增大,影响港内的泊稳条件,尤其在长周期波浪作用下,透空式防波堤难以达到较佳的掩护效果；另外透空式防波堤上部结构所受到的较大波浪力,主要由下部支墩和基础来承担,在恶劣海况下其安全性与稳定性将受到严重的威胁。因此设计出一种合理结构的透空式防波堤对于我国港口发展具有实际意义。
本文提出一种由水面附近的水平圆柱群与底部的沉箱组成的复合式透空防波堤结构,通过物理模型试验,测量防波堤对波浪的反射系数和透射系数,深入分析防波堤的结构参数(相对宽度B/L、沉箱、水平柱排数、水平柱位置、管径等)对消浪性能的影响。
研究结果表明,本文提出的复合透空式防波堤具有较好的消波性能,相对宽度B/L、沉箱、水平柱排数、水平柱位置、管径等因素对其消波效果均有影响。其中以相对宽度,水平柱位置和管径影响最为明显,沉箱对较大周期波浪影响也较明显。
对于短周期波浪,由于水面处水平圆柱的存在,能够破坏波浪固有的运动模式,可促使表层波浪破碎,进而达到衰减短波浪的目的。而对于较长周期波浪,除了上部水平圆柱可衰减部分波浪外,由于底部沉箱的存在,也可反射部分波浪,以降低较长周期波浪的透射率。另外,同现有的各种透空式防波堤相比,该结构在水平及竖直方向上均有望降低防波堤所受到的波浪力,从而保证结构自身的安全。可见,这种新型复合式透空防波堤对促进透空式防波堤结构作为永久性建筑的工程实际应用具有重要意义。
Nowadays, the study and practical applications of penetrating breakwater have made some progress. However, currently when being used as one kind of permanent wave-resist facility, the penetrating breakwater has some problems in itself:once the wave that holds great energy goes through the penetrating breakwater, it will make the wave in the harbor stronger and stronger, which can ruin the port's stability, especially when it comes to the wave with long period, it is impossible for the general penetrating breakwater to reach good cover effect; on the other hand, the strong wave force that acts on the upper part of the penetrating breakwater is mostly undertook by the bottom buttress and base, and it is very dangerous in bad weather condition. So, it is very useful and practical for us to design one kind of more reasonable penetrating breakwater.
This thesis proposes one kind of compound penetrating breakwater composing of horizontal cylinder group near the surface and caisson at bottom. Through physical model test, reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient of wave are measured. Then analysis about the parameter (comparative width of B/L、caisson、number and position of horizontal cylinder、diameter of cylinder) of the compound penetrating breakwater's effect on the performance of weakening the wave is made.
The result shows that the compound penetrating breakwater has good performance in diminishing the wave, and the parameter of comparative width of B/L、caisson、number and position of horizontal cylinder、diameter of cylinder show effect on the performance. The parameter of comparative width of B/L、position of horizontal cylinder and diameter of cylinder show most effect, and the caisson also has certain effect.
本文提出一种由水面附近的水平圆柱群与底部的沉箱组成的复合式透空防波堤结构,通过物理模型试验,测量防波堤对波浪的反射系数和透射系数,深入分析防波堤的结构参数(相对宽度B/L、沉箱、水平柱排数、水平柱位置、管径等)对消浪性能的影响。
研究结果表明,本文提出的复合透空式防波堤具有较好的消波性能,相对宽度B/L、沉箱、水平柱排数、水平柱位置、管径等因素对其消波效果均有影响。其中以相对宽度,水平柱位置和管径影响最为明显,沉箱对较大周期波浪影响也较明显。
对于短周期波浪,由于水面处水平圆柱的存在,能够破坏波浪固有的运动模式,可促使表层波浪破碎,进而达到衰减短波浪的目的。而对于较长周期波浪,除了上部水平圆柱可衰减部分波浪外,由于底部沉箱的存在,也可反射部分波浪,以降低较长周期波浪的透射率。另外,同现有的各种透空式防波堤相比,该结构在水平及竖直方向上均有望降低防波堤所受到的波浪力,从而保证结构自身的安全。可见,这种新型复合式透空防波堤对促进透空式防波堤结构作为永久性建筑的工程实际应用具有重要意义。
Nowadays, the study and practical applications of penetrating breakwater have made some progress. However, currently when being used as one kind of permanent wave-resist facility, the penetrating breakwater has some problems in itself:once the wave that holds great energy goes through the penetrating breakwater, it will make the wave in the harbor stronger and stronger, which can ruin the port's stability, especially when it comes to the wave with long period, it is impossible for the general penetrating breakwater to reach good cover effect; on the other hand, the strong wave force that acts on the upper part of the penetrating breakwater is mostly undertook by the bottom buttress and base, and it is very dangerous in bad weather condition. So, it is very useful and practical for us to design one kind of more reasonable penetrating breakwater.
This thesis proposes one kind of compound penetrating breakwater composing of horizontal cylinder group near the surface and caisson at bottom. Through physical model test, reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient of wave are measured. Then analysis about the parameter (comparative width of B/L、caisson、number and position of horizontal cylinder、diameter of cylinder) of the compound penetrating breakwater's effect on the performance of weakening the wave is made.
The result shows that the compound penetrating breakwater has good performance in diminishing the wave, and the parameter of comparative width of B/L、caisson、number and position of horizontal cylinder、diameter of cylinder show effect on the performance. The parameter of comparative width of B/L、position of horizontal cylinder and diameter of cylinder show most effect, and the caisson also has certain effect.
引文
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[2]邱驹.港工建筑物[M].天津：天津大学出版社,2002.
[3]王巨轮,朱承.透空式防波堤在大窑湾工程中的应用[J].水运工程,2000,317(6)：13-17.
[4]Weigel R L.Closely spaced pilesas a breakwater [J]. The Dock and Harbour Authority,1961, 42(491):150.
[5]Jarlan J E. A perforated vertical wall breakwater [J]. The Dock and Harbour Authority, 1961,41(486):394-398.
[6]Mani J S, Jayakumar S. Wave Transmission by Suspended Pipe Breakwater[J]. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering,1995,121(6):335-338.
[7]Brossard J, Chagdali M. Experimental investigation of the harmonic generation by waves over a submerged plate[J]. Coastal Engineering,2001,42(4):277-290.
[8]Neelamani S, Rajendran R. Wave interaction with T-type breakwaters[J]. Ocean Engineering,2002,29(2):151-175.
[9]Neelamani S, Rajendran R. Wave interaction with'perpendicular'-Type breakwaters [J]. Ocean Engineering,2002,29(5):561-589.
[10]Brossard J, Jarno-Druaux A, Marin F, et al. Fixed absorbing semi-immersed breakwater [J]. Coastal Engineering,2003,49(1-2):25-41.
[11]Gunaydin K, Kabdasli M S. Performance of solid and perforated U-type breakwaters under regular and irregular waves[J]. Ocean Engineering,2004,31(11-12):1377-1405.
[12]Neelamani S,Gayathri T. Wave interaction with twin plate wave barrier[J]. Ocean Engineering,2006,33(3-4):495-516.
[13]Gunaydin K, Kabdasli M S. Investigation of [Pi]-type breakwaters performance under regular and irregular waves[J]. Ocean Engineering,2007,34(7):1028-1043.
[14]Madsen P A. Wave reflection from a vertical permeable wave absorber[J]. Coastal Engineering,1983,7(4):381-396.
[15]Dalrymple R A, Losada M A, Martin P A. Reflection and transmission from porous structures under oblique wave attack[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1991,224:625-644.
[16]Huang L H, Chao H I. Reflection and transmission of water wave by porous breakwater[J]. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering.1992,118(5): 437-452.
[17]Abul-Azm A G. Wave diffraction through submerged breakwaters [J]. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering.1993,119(6):587-605.
[18]Mallayachari V, Sundar V. Reflection characteristics of permeable seawalls [J]. Coastal Engineering.1994,23(1-2):135-150.
[19]Kyung D S, Woo S P. Wave reflection from perforated-wall caisson breakwaters. Coastal Engineering[J].1995,26(3-4):177-193.
[20]Abul-Azm A G. Wave diffraction through submerged flexible breakwaters[J]. Ocean Engineering (Pergamon).1996,23(5):403-422.
[21]McDougal W G, Williams A N. Multiple-Pit Breakwaters[J]. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering.1996,122(1):27-33.
[22]Yang H T 0, Huang L H, Hwang W S. The interference of a semi-submerged obstacle on the porous breakwater[J]. Applied Ocean Research.1997,19(5-6):263-273.
[23]Hsu H-H, Wu Y-C. Scattering of water wave by a submerged horizontal plate and a submerged permeable breakwater[J]. Ocean Engineering.1998,26(4):325-341.
[24]Wang K-H, Shen Q. Wave motion over a group of submerged horizontal plates[J]. International Journal of Engineering Science.1999,37(6):703-715.
[25]Isaacson M,Baldwin J, Premasiri S, et al. Wave interactions with double slotted barriers[J]. Applied Ocean Research.1999,21(2):81-91.
[26]Isaacson M, Baldwin J, Allyn N, et al. Wave interactions with perforated breakwater [J]. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering.2000,126(5):229-235.
[27]Yip T L, Chwang A T. Perforated wall breakwater with internal horizontal plate[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics.2000,126(5):533-538.
[28]Lynett P J, Liu P L F, Losada I J, et al. Solitary wave interaction with porous breakwaters[J]. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering.2000,126(6): 314-322.
[29]Twu S-W, Chieu C-C.Highly wave dissipation offshore breakwater [J]. Ocean Engineering (Pergamon).2000,27(3):315-330.
[30]Williams A N,Mansour A-E M, Lee H S. Simplified analytical solutions for wave interaction with absorbing-type caisson breakwaters [J]. Ocean Engineering (Pergamon).2000, 27(11):1231-1248.
[31]Suh K D, Choi J C,Kim B H, et al. Reflection of irregular waves from perforated-wall caisson breakwaters[J]. Coastal Engineering.2001,44(2):141-151.
[32]Twu S W, Liu C C, Hsu W H. Wave damping characteristics of deeply submerged breakwaters. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering.2001,127(2):97-105.
[33]Requejo S,Vidal C, Losada I J. Modelling of wave loads and hydraulic performance of vertical permeable structures[J]. Coastal Engineering.2002,46(4):249-276.
[34]Li Y, Dong G, Liu H, et al. The reflection of oblique incident waves by breakwaters with double-layered perforated wall[J]. Coastal Engineering.2003,50(1-2):47-60.
[35]Usha R, Gayathri T. Wave motion over a twin-plate breakwater[J]. Ocean Engineering. 2005,32(8-9):1054-1072.
[36]Christou M, Swan C, Gudmestad 0 T. The interaction of surface water waves with submerged breakwaters[J]. Coastal Engineering.2008, In Press, Corrected Proof.
[37]Franco L. Vertical breakwaters:the Italian experience [J]. Coastal Engineering.1994, 22:31-55.
[38]谢世楞.深水防波堤技术的最新进展-94深水防波堤国际会议报道[J].港工技术.1994,2：1-10.
[39]文立.深水防波堤新型结构型式及其应用研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2002.
[40]Tanimoto K, Takahashi S. Design and construction of cassion breakwaters-the Jaapanese experience. Coastal Engineering.1994,22:57-77.
[41]近藤淑郎,竹田英章.消波构造物[M].日本：森北出版株式会社,1983.
[42]侯国本.管式透空防波堤试验研究[J].海岸工程.1982,1(1)：1-8.
[43]王鉴义,葛志瑾.透空沉箱插板式消波堤的模型试验[J].海洋工程.1984,1(8)：67-73.
[44]麻志雄.透空式防波堤消波性能试验研究[J].水运工程.1990,10：1-6.
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