济南地下水环境绩效评估研究
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摘要
水是支撑整个地球生命系统的基础,地下水由于分布广、水质好、不易被污染、调蓄能力强、供水保证率高等特点,在我国饮用水水源中占有举足轻重的地位。
济南市是一个资源型缺水的城市,地下水的作用越发的重要。济南市1993`2002年10年平均年供水量为5.67亿m~3,地下水年供水量达到3.1亿m~3,占总供水量的54.7%。济南也是一个以泉水闻名的旅游城市,随着地下水开采量的增大,对泉水的影响逐渐显现,解决泉水和城市供水之间的矛盾成为重要的问题。
本文引入ISO 14031“环境管理环境绩效评估指南”国际标准,通过对影响济南地下水水源地的各个环境因素进行分析,从环境状况、操作和管理三个方面建立了描述主要环境问题的环境绩效评估指标体系,通过单项指标分析和综合评价,从不同的角度对济南地下水的环境绩效进行评估。根据环境绩效评估的结果,找出影响地下水的主要因素,对管理和操作对地下水的影响进行了量化分析,提出其中需要改进和完善的方面,为地下水管理和投资提供指导,促进管理制度的完善和资源的优化配置。
本文的主要研究内容和成果如下:
(1)建立地下水环境绩效评估指标体系。利用ISO 14004中的方法识别并评价出重大环境因素,根据P-S-R模型确定指标,建立评估的指标体系。
(2)综合评价分析。熵权法根据指标携带和传输的信息的多少对地下水的环境绩效进行综合评估;主成分分析法将各个指标重新组合成3个线性无关的指标来进行综合评估;数据包络分析从技术效率和规模效率来评估地下水环境绩效水平。
(3)环境绩效指数分析。环境绩效指数是对环境绩效评估的补充和验证,主要依据环境状况指标,根据“环境状况—环境影响—经济分析”构建分析模型和指标体系。
Water is the foundation of supporting the system of whole life on earth. Because of widely distributed, water quality, not easily to pollute, strong of store and regulate broadly ability, the water supply guarantee rate higher, groundwater holds the pivotal status in China drinking water sources.
Jinan is a resources water scarcity city, and the role of groundwater is more important. From 1993 to 2002, an average water supply of 10 years the water supply is 567 million cubic meters, an average water supply of groundwater is 310 million cubic meters, which accounts 54. 7% of the total water supply. Also Jinan is a famous tourist city, which is well-known by the spring. The massive mining groundwater has caused the water seepage closure, has seriously affected the image of Jinan. The contradiction of urban water supply and springs has become an important issue.
This paper introduces ISO 14031 "Environment Management Environment Performance Evaluation" stands, though the analysis of various environmental factors, which impact the Jinan groundwater sources, wo set up an index system of Environment Performance Evaluation, by the state of environment, the operation, the management. Through the single item target analysis and the quality synthetic evaluation, carried on the appraisal from the different angle to the Jinan ground water's Environment Performance Evaluation. This paper obtains the environment performance result, finds the primary factor which influences the groundwater, analyses the impact of the management and the operation in groundwater. This points out the need to improve and perfect of the management and the operation, and this provides the instruction for the groundwater management and the investment, can urge control system's consummation and the resources optimized assignment.
In this paper, the following questions are discussed:
First, the paper sets up the Environment Performance Evaluation index of groundwater. This paper evaluates the important environmental factors of reservoir through the method in ISO 14004, uses the method of P-S-R to set up the index system.
Second, this paper uses Comprehensive evaluation analysis. The Entropy method carries on the comprehensive assessment to the groundwater environment performance, according to the indicators to carry and transmit the information; Principal Component Analysis carries on the comprehensive assessment by re-composition of the various indicators into three non-linear; Date Envelopment Analysis assess the environmental performance of the groundwater from the technical efficiency and the scale efficiency.
Third, this paper uses Environmental Performance Index of Groundwater. The Environmental Performance Index is appraisal supplement and confirmation of the Environment Performance Evaluation, it mainly rests on the environmental aspect target, it constructs the model and indicators system, according to "environmental aspect -—environmental effect—economic analysis".
济南市是一个资源型缺水的城市,地下水的作用越发的重要。济南市1993`2002年10年平均年供水量为5.67亿m~3,地下水年供水量达到3.1亿m~3,占总供水量的54.7%。济南也是一个以泉水闻名的旅游城市,随着地下水开采量的增大,对泉水的影响逐渐显现,解决泉水和城市供水之间的矛盾成为重要的问题。
本文引入ISO 14031“环境管理环境绩效评估指南”国际标准,通过对影响济南地下水水源地的各个环境因素进行分析,从环境状况、操作和管理三个方面建立了描述主要环境问题的环境绩效评估指标体系,通过单项指标分析和综合评价,从不同的角度对济南地下水的环境绩效进行评估。根据环境绩效评估的结果,找出影响地下水的主要因素,对管理和操作对地下水的影响进行了量化分析,提出其中需要改进和完善的方面,为地下水管理和投资提供指导,促进管理制度的完善和资源的优化配置。
本文的主要研究内容和成果如下:
(1)建立地下水环境绩效评估指标体系。利用ISO 14004中的方法识别并评价出重大环境因素,根据P-S-R模型确定指标,建立评估的指标体系。
(2)综合评价分析。熵权法根据指标携带和传输的信息的多少对地下水的环境绩效进行综合评估;主成分分析法将各个指标重新组合成3个线性无关的指标来进行综合评估;数据包络分析从技术效率和规模效率来评估地下水环境绩效水平。
(3)环境绩效指数分析。环境绩效指数是对环境绩效评估的补充和验证,主要依据环境状况指标,根据“环境状况—环境影响—经济分析”构建分析模型和指标体系。
Water is the foundation of supporting the system of whole life on earth. Because of widely distributed, water quality, not easily to pollute, strong of store and regulate broadly ability, the water supply guarantee rate higher, groundwater holds the pivotal status in China drinking water sources.
Jinan is a resources water scarcity city, and the role of groundwater is more important. From 1993 to 2002, an average water supply of 10 years the water supply is 567 million cubic meters, an average water supply of groundwater is 310 million cubic meters, which accounts 54. 7% of the total water supply. Also Jinan is a famous tourist city, which is well-known by the spring. The massive mining groundwater has caused the water seepage closure, has seriously affected the image of Jinan. The contradiction of urban water supply and springs has become an important issue.
This paper introduces ISO 14031 "Environment Management Environment Performance Evaluation" stands, though the analysis of various environmental factors, which impact the Jinan groundwater sources, wo set up an index system of Environment Performance Evaluation, by the state of environment, the operation, the management. Through the single item target analysis and the quality synthetic evaluation, carried on the appraisal from the different angle to the Jinan ground water's Environment Performance Evaluation. This paper obtains the environment performance result, finds the primary factor which influences the groundwater, analyses the impact of the management and the operation in groundwater. This points out the need to improve and perfect of the management and the operation, and this provides the instruction for the groundwater management and the investment, can urge control system's consummation and the resources optimized assignment.
In this paper, the following questions are discussed:
First, the paper sets up the Environment Performance Evaluation index of groundwater. This paper evaluates the important environmental factors of reservoir through the method in ISO 14004, uses the method of P-S-R to set up the index system.
Second, this paper uses Comprehensive evaluation analysis. The Entropy method carries on the comprehensive assessment to the groundwater environment performance, according to the indicators to carry and transmit the information; Principal Component Analysis carries on the comprehensive assessment by re-composition of the various indicators into three non-linear; Date Envelopment Analysis assess the environmental performance of the groundwater from the technical efficiency and the scale efficiency.
Third, this paper uses Environmental Performance Index of Groundwater. The Environmental Performance Index is appraisal supplement and confirmation of the Environment Performance Evaluation, it mainly rests on the environmental aspect target, it constructs the model and indicators system, according to "environmental aspect -—environmental effect—economic analysis".
引文
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