大学生压力易感性人格的内隐词汇观研究
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摘要
本研究以特质论和内隐词汇学假设为基础,以本土化的研究为基本方向,以王登锋、崔红二人研究得出的中国人人格形容词库及其形容词量表为基本工具,对中国文化背景中所积累的关于压力易感性人格特点的知识、经验、领悟和智慧进行分析,以发现压力易感性人格的结构特点。
本研究采用问卷调查法,以中国人人格123个形容词为基础,通过预测和正式施测,采用探索性因素分析初步构建大学生压力易感性人格的结构,并对该结构进行信、效度分析,然后选取高压力情境下的被试采用方差分析、回归分析探讨大学生压力易感性人格与抑郁、焦虑的相互关系,最后对人口学变量进行差异性分析。
对主要取自华中地区高校的1544名被试的研究结果表明:
1)基于中国大学生样本的压力易感性人格为四因素结构,分别是内向保守、情绪放纵、敏感脆弱、依赖与急躁。
2)本研究编制的“大学生压力易感性人格形容词问卷”具有较好的信效度,可以作为测量大学生压力易感性人格的工具。
3)大学生压力易感性人格与抑郁、焦虑呈显着正相关,回归分析发现易感性人格是就业压力和抑郁的中介变量,大学生压力易感性人格有明显的预测力。
4)在大学生在压力易感性人格上,学校、独生子女、性别、专业、年级、家庭来源、家庭成长环境等人口学变量在总体上或部分因子中存在显着差异。
此研究将为后续理论和实证研究打下基础。本研究得出的压力易感性人格的结构将为今后获得高效度的测量工具,为个体应对压力的方式和策略提供有力支撑,并为心理咨询和心理健康工作者提供有效的启示。
Based on characteristics theory and the assumptions of implicit Verbal theories, we hope to find the structure of characteristics on stress vulnerability personality. Following the direction of localization, we employed the Chinese Personality adjectives scale as a basic tool, which is worked out by Wang and Cui. In this article, the study put the hardiness characteristics into chinese cultural context, in order to analyse the knowledgement, experience, intuition and wisdom as profoundly and completely as we could.
This study used questionnaire survey method, based on“123 Chinese Personality adjectives”, through the forecast and official measurement, using exploratory factor analysis, after preliminarily obtain stress vulnerability personality structure of undergraduate, we analyzed the reliability and the validity of the structure .through correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, we explored the relationship of Stress Vulnerability Personality, Depression and Anxiety, Finally, the demographic variables difference had been analyzed.
By test 1,544 colleges mainly from the central China, the results showed that:
1. Based on a Chinese university students sample, stress vulnerability personality contain four factor: introvert and conservative; emotional indulgence, sensitive and fragile; dependence and impetuosity.
2. The establishment of the“Undergraduates’stress vulnerability personality adjective questionnaire”has good reliability and validity, which can be used as a tool to measure stress vulnerability personality.
3. There is a significantly positive correlation between undergraduates’stress vulnerability personality and depression and anxiety; Multiple regression analysis showed that stress vulnerability personality is a obvious prediction.
4. On undergraduates’stress vulnerability personality , the demographic variables: schools, whether or not the only child, gender, family sources, grade and major showed significant difference on the whole or in part.
This study will lay the groundwork for follow-up theoretical and empirical studies. The structure of stress vulnerability personality will contribute to gain efficient measurement tool and benefit individual to deal with pressure, and psychological counseling and mental health workers will get some effective insight from it.
本研究采用问卷调查法,以中国人人格123个形容词为基础,通过预测和正式施测,采用探索性因素分析初步构建大学生压力易感性人格的结构,并对该结构进行信、效度分析,然后选取高压力情境下的被试采用方差分析、回归分析探讨大学生压力易感性人格与抑郁、焦虑的相互关系,最后对人口学变量进行差异性分析。
对主要取自华中地区高校的1544名被试的研究结果表明:
1)基于中国大学生样本的压力易感性人格为四因素结构,分别是内向保守、情绪放纵、敏感脆弱、依赖与急躁。
2)本研究编制的“大学生压力易感性人格形容词问卷”具有较好的信效度,可以作为测量大学生压力易感性人格的工具。
3)大学生压力易感性人格与抑郁、焦虑呈显着正相关,回归分析发现易感性人格是就业压力和抑郁的中介变量,大学生压力易感性人格有明显的预测力。
4)在大学生在压力易感性人格上,学校、独生子女、性别、专业、年级、家庭来源、家庭成长环境等人口学变量在总体上或部分因子中存在显着差异。
此研究将为后续理论和实证研究打下基础。本研究得出的压力易感性人格的结构将为今后获得高效度的测量工具,为个体应对压力的方式和策略提供有力支撑,并为心理咨询和心理健康工作者提供有效的启示。
Based on characteristics theory and the assumptions of implicit Verbal theories, we hope to find the structure of characteristics on stress vulnerability personality. Following the direction of localization, we employed the Chinese Personality adjectives scale as a basic tool, which is worked out by Wang and Cui. In this article, the study put the hardiness characteristics into chinese cultural context, in order to analyse the knowledgement, experience, intuition and wisdom as profoundly and completely as we could.
This study used questionnaire survey method, based on“123 Chinese Personality adjectives”, through the forecast and official measurement, using exploratory factor analysis, after preliminarily obtain stress vulnerability personality structure of undergraduate, we analyzed the reliability and the validity of the structure .through correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, we explored the relationship of Stress Vulnerability Personality, Depression and Anxiety, Finally, the demographic variables difference had been analyzed.
By test 1,544 colleges mainly from the central China, the results showed that:
1. Based on a Chinese university students sample, stress vulnerability personality contain four factor: introvert and conservative; emotional indulgence, sensitive and fragile; dependence and impetuosity.
2. The establishment of the“Undergraduates’stress vulnerability personality adjective questionnaire”has good reliability and validity, which can be used as a tool to measure stress vulnerability personality.
3. There is a significantly positive correlation between undergraduates’stress vulnerability personality and depression and anxiety; Multiple regression analysis showed that stress vulnerability personality is a obvious prediction.
4. On undergraduates’stress vulnerability personality , the demographic variables: schools, whether or not the only child, gender, family sources, grade and major showed significant difference on the whole or in part.
This study will lay the groundwork for follow-up theoretical and empirical studies. The structure of stress vulnerability personality will contribute to gain efficient measurement tool and benefit individual to deal with pressure, and psychological counseling and mental health workers will get some effective insight from it.
引文
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[1]荆其诚等主编.当代国际心理科学进展[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2006.3.
[2]李胜琴等.重症监护室护士气质类型与应对能力的相关性分析[J].中国实用护理杂志,2007,20(2):25
[3]王求是,刘建新,申荷永.国外自杀心理学研究与理论评介[J].心理科学进展,2006.14(1):105-110.
[4]翟红.不同性格导致不同疾病[J].今日科苑,2005,3(3):50-51.
[5]张伯源.心血管病人的心身反应特点的研究——Ⅱ.对冠心病人的行为类型特征的探讨[J].心理学报, 1985,17(3):314.
[6]杨本付,刘东光.国人A型行为与冠心病关系的Meta—analysis[J].中国行为医学科学, 1998,7(4):290-292.
[7]郭倩玉等. A型性格与心脏衰老关系的初步探讨[J].天津医药,1999,27(5):259-261.
[8]张美兰,叶瑞繁.离退休干部心身疾病与A型行为模式的调查[J].中国临床康复,2004,8(18):3549.
[9]黄希庭.心理学导论[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1990:642-643.
[10]孟祥明,谭秀英,宋露萍.慢性扁桃体炎与A型行为相关性研究[J].中国行为医学科学, 2005,14(9):774.
[11]李月红,徐翔.A型行为与紧张型头痛的关系分析[J].中国现代神经疾病杂志,2005,5(4):273-275.
[12]齐艳梅.A型行为类型与牙周病的关系调查[J].中国误诊学杂志,2006.17(6).
[13]赵然,方晓义.护士工作压力、A型人格与心理健康的关系研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2005,13(2).
[14]蒋奖,许燕,周莉.医护人员A型人格、控制源与工作满意度、心理健康的关系[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2004,12(4).
[15]张亚林,肖泽萍.广泛性焦虑症患者的个性特征、行为模式及其可塑性[J].中国行为医学科学,200,10(5).
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2 Hinkle, L. E. An estimate of the effects of“stress”on the incidence and prevalence of coronary heart disease in a large industrial population in the United States. Proceedings of the International Sociaty on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Stuttgart, West Germany: Shattaur Verlag, 1972
3 Kobasa,S.C.,Maddi,S,R.,Courington,S.Personalty and constitution as mediators in the stress- illness relationship[J]. Journal of health and social behavior, 1981, 22(4): 368-378
1 Kobasa, S. C., Maddi, S, R., Courington, S. Personalty and constitution as mediators in the stress-illness relationship[J]. Journal of health and social behavior, 1981, 22(4): 368-378
2 Golby,J., Shear,M. Mental toughness and hardiness at different levels of rugby league[J]. Personality and individual differences, 2004, 37: 933-942
1 Phillip L. Rice著.胡佩诚等译.健康心理学[M].中国轻工业出版社, 2000: 11-43 2刘克善.心理压力的涵义与特性[J].衡阳师范学院学报(社会科学), 2003, 24(1): 102-106
3张春兴.现代心理学——现代人研究自身问题的科学[M].上海:上海人民出版社, 1994: 551-552
4 Aday L.A.(1993) At Risk in America: The Health and Health Care Needs of Vulnerable Populations in the United States.[J]. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco
1 Phillips C.A. Vulnerability in family systems:application to antepartum.[J]The Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 1992, 6(3), 26–36
2 Rich O.J. Vulnerability of homeless pregnant and parent in adolescents[J].The Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 1992, 6(3): 37–46
3 Miller C.A. Nursing Care of Older Adults: Theory and Practice 2nd edn.J.B.Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1995
4 Rose M.H.&Killien M. Risk and vulnerability:a case for differentiation.Advances in Nursing Science 1983, 5(3): 60–73
5 Zubin J.&Spring B. Vulnerability-a new view of schizophrenia.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1977, 86(2): 103-126
6 Ada C.Rogers. Vulnerability,health and healthcare.Journal of Advanced Nursing, 1997, 26: 65-72
7 Clarke H.F.&Driever M.J. Vulnerability:the development of a construct for nursing.In: Advances in Nursing Theory Development, 1983: 207–220
8 Lessick M.Woodring B.Naber S.&Halstead L. Vulnerability:a conceptual model applied to perinatal and neonatal nursing.The Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 1992, 6(3): 1–14 9Derek Sellman. Towards an understanding of nursing as a response to human vulnerability.Nursing Philosophy, 2005: 62–10
1 Phillip L. Rice著.胡佩诚等译.健康心理学[M].中国轻工业出版社, 2000: 11-43
2 Chambers, R. Rural development:Putting the lastfirst.London:Longman, 1983
3 Watts M.J & Bolhe. G. Hunger,famine,and the space of vulnerability.Geojournal, 1993, 30(32)
4 Tierney, K. J. Controversy and consensus in disaster mental health research. Prehospirol Disaster Medicine, 2000, 15(4): 181-187
5 Basic Behavioral Science Task Force of the National Advisory Mental Health Council, Rockville, MD. Basic behavioral science and research for mental health vulnerability and resilience. American Psychologist. 1996, 51(1): 22-28
1邹涛,姚树桥.抑郁认知易感性应激模式的研究:起源、发展和整合.心理科学进展, 2006,14(5):762-768
2 Friedman H S, Booth-Kewley S. The“disease-prone personality”A mete-analytic view of the construct[J]. American Psychology, 1987, 42: 539-555
3 Robbert Sanderman&Adelita V. Ranchor The predictor status of personality variables: etiological significance and their role in the course of disease. European Journal of Personality. 1997, 11: 359-382
4 Schwarzar R, Benicio G.石林译.健康心理学. In. Pawlik K, Rosenzeig M R.张厚粲主译.国际心理学手册[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社, 2002: 641-659
1 Gary Felsten Stress reactivity and vulnerability to depressed mood in college students. Personality and Individual Differerces 2004(36): 789-800
2 Golan Shahar, Elizabeth F. Gallagher, and Sidney J. Blatt . Gabriel P. Kuperminc. Bonnie J. Leadbeater. An Interactive-Synergetic Approach to the Assessment of Personality Vulnerability to Depression:Illustration Using the Adolescent Version of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Jouranal of clinical psychology, 2004, 60(6): 605–625
3 Avi·Besser. Self and best-friend assessments of Personality Vulnerability and defences in the prediction of depression.Social behavior and personality, 2004, 32(6): 559-594
4邹涛,姚树桥.抑郁认知易感性应激模式的研究:起源、发展和整合[J].心理科学进展, 2006, 14(5): 762-768
5 Boyce P.Hickey A.The development of a brief personality scale to measure culnerabilty to postnatal depression. Arch Womens Mental Health,2001,3:147-153.
6金三丽,李明子.易感性人格类型量表预测产后抑郁症的效果研究[J].中华护理杂志, 2006, 9(41): 781-784
7 Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., Mermelstein, R. A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 1983(24): 385–396
8 Sheehan, D.V., Raj, A.B., Harnett Sheehan, K., Is buspirone effective for panic disorder? Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1990, 10: 3-11 9Kathryn M. Connor, Sandeep Vaishnav, Jonathan R.T. Davidson,David V. Sheehan, K. Harnett Sheehan. Perceived stress in anxiety disorders and the general population: A study of the Sheehan stress vulnerability scale. Psychiatry Research, 2007(151): 249-254
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