城市轨道交通桥梁震害预测方法研究
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摘要
在地震作用下,生命线系统一旦遭到破坏,会严重迟滞震后的救灾恢复工作,并对人民生活造成巨大影响和严重后果,所以,对生命线系统的震害进行科学的预测具有非常重要的现实意义。桥梁工程历来被称为重要的“生命线工程”,针对目前国内为数众多的现役城市轨道交通桥梁,对其抗震性能进行预测,既可以相应地做出加固维修对策,以便提高其抗震能力,还可以进一步对地震经济损失作出预测。
本文结合实际桥梁震害,对桥梁震害预测方法进行研究,针对城市轨道交通桥梁分别采用规范校核法、Pushover(推覆分析)法、经验统计公式法以及基于人工神经网络的方法进行实例分析,获得了以下成果或结论:
①本文通过规范校核法以及Pushover法的实例分析,表明对于重要的单体桥梁震害预测,该方法有效可行。
②通过对现有经验统计法的发展以及大量桥梁震害的统计,建立了适用于城市轨道交通群体桥梁的震害预测经验公式。
③基于BP神经网络网络理论,利用Matlab软件中的神经网络工具箱编制相关程序,建立了适用于城市轨道交通桥梁的震害预测网络系统,该方法可以迅速科学地进行震害预测。
Once the lifeline engineering is destroyed in the earthquake, the future earthquake relief work will be in trouble. Bridge Engineering is always considered important "Lifeline Engineering". So the disaster prediction to the bridges is especially significant. It is necessary for quite a number of current urban rail transit bridges to predict their seismic resistance performance. According to the results of seismic disaster prediction, the corresponding reinforcement or maintenance methods could be work out to enhance their seismic performance, and the economic losses in the earthquake could be predicted.
The disaster prediction methods of bridges were discussed in this paper by analyzing the seismic disaster which occurred on actual bridges. There are four kinds of methods for the seismic disaster prediction discussed in this paper. The seismic disaster prediction for urban transit bridges was done by using the methods of code examination, Pushover analysis procedure, empirical equations as well as BP Neural Network. The follow conclusions could be gained.
①Taking an urban rail transit bridges as an example, the seismic disaster was predicted in this paper by using this two methods and the results indicated that these methods are effect to the important monomer bridge.
②The empirical equations suitable were developed for the seismic disaster prediction of a group of urban rail transit bridges according to the improving of empirical equations and the statistics of actual seismic disaster of bridges..
③The network system was developed by using Neural Network toolbox in Matlab software basing on the theory of BP Neural network, which is effect to a group of urban rail transit bridges.
本文结合实际桥梁震害,对桥梁震害预测方法进行研究,针对城市轨道交通桥梁分别采用规范校核法、Pushover(推覆分析)法、经验统计公式法以及基于人工神经网络的方法进行实例分析,获得了以下成果或结论:
①本文通过规范校核法以及Pushover法的实例分析,表明对于重要的单体桥梁震害预测,该方法有效可行。
②通过对现有经验统计法的发展以及大量桥梁震害的统计,建立了适用于城市轨道交通群体桥梁的震害预测经验公式。
③基于BP神经网络网络理论,利用Matlab软件中的神经网络工具箱编制相关程序,建立了适用于城市轨道交通桥梁的震害预测网络系统,该方法可以迅速科学地进行震害预测。
Once the lifeline engineering is destroyed in the earthquake, the future earthquake relief work will be in trouble. Bridge Engineering is always considered important "Lifeline Engineering". So the disaster prediction to the bridges is especially significant. It is necessary for quite a number of current urban rail transit bridges to predict their seismic resistance performance. According to the results of seismic disaster prediction, the corresponding reinforcement or maintenance methods could be work out to enhance their seismic performance, and the economic losses in the earthquake could be predicted.
The disaster prediction methods of bridges were discussed in this paper by analyzing the seismic disaster which occurred on actual bridges. There are four kinds of methods for the seismic disaster prediction discussed in this paper. The seismic disaster prediction for urban transit bridges was done by using the methods of code examination, Pushover analysis procedure, empirical equations as well as BP Neural Network. The follow conclusions could be gained.
①Taking an urban rail transit bridges as an example, the seismic disaster was predicted in this paper by using this two methods and the results indicated that these methods are effect to the important monomer bridge.
②The empirical equations suitable were developed for the seismic disaster prediction of a group of urban rail transit bridges according to the improving of empirical equations and the statistics of actual seismic disaster of bridges..
③The network system was developed by using Neural Network toolbox in Matlab software basing on the theory of BP Neural network, which is effect to a group of urban rail transit bridges.
引文
[1]中国地震信息网www.csi.ac.cn
[2]新华社.权威专家详解中国的地震灾害与地质构造.2008.6.26
[3]建设部令.第117号.城市抗震防灾规划管理规定.2003.9
[4]建设部.GB50157-2003.2003.地铁设计规范.北京.2003
[5]王东升,冯启民.桥梁震害预测方法.自然灾害学报.2001.10(3):113-117
[6]久保庆三郎.张尚识译.桥梁的震害预测.国外地震工程.1984第5期:1-11
[7]Kawashimi K.杨海荣,郑琦译.日本公路桥的抗震鉴定和加固.国外桥梁.1997第2期:69-77
[8]周神根,王天威,杨睿环.铁路桥梁震害简易预测法.抗震防灾对策.开封.河南科学技术出版社.1988:276-288
[9]朱美珍.公路桥梁的震害预测.第三届全国地震工程回忆论文集.大连.大连理工大学出版社.1990:1797-1802
[10]Buckle I G,Kim S H.A vulnerability assessment modal for highway bridges.New York:Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,Procedings of the Fourth U.S.Confemnce.American Society of Civil Engineerings.1995:493-500
[11]黄龙生,黄勇.公路桥梁的震害概率.工程抗震.1996第3期:46-48
[12]Kilar V,Fajfar P.Simplified push-over analsys of building structures.Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.1997.26:233-249
[13]杜鹏.钢筋混凝土梁式桥的地震易损性分析[学位论文](Seismic Vulneralbility Eatimation on Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Bridge[Dissertation]).北京.北京工业大学.2004:1-4
[14]徐清.信息化桥梁地震安全评估系统[学位论文](Seismic Safety Assessment System Based on FEM and Information Technology[Dissertation]).青岛.中国海洋大学.2007:6-7
[15]Wen-Huei Yen.Lessons learned about bridges from earthquake in Taiwan.PUBLIC ROADS.2002(1):20-23
[16]铁道部建设司抗震计划专项.汶川地震工程震害调查及铁路工程抗震设计标准研究调查总报告.2008
[17]叶爱君.桥梁抗震.北京.人民交通出版社.2002:14-24
[18]EERI.Loma prieta earthquake reconnaissance report.Earthquake Spectra.1990.6
[19]EERI.Northridge earthquake reconnaissance report.Earthquake Spectra.1990.11
[20]Nznsee Reconnaissance Team Report.The hyogo-ken nanbu earthquake(the great hansbin earthquake)of 17 January 1995.Bull Nat Soc New Zealand Earthquake Engyg.1995.28(1):1-98.
[21]孙振凯,邹其嘉.公路桥梁地震易损性和震后恢复过程.华南地震.1999.19(2):62-64
[22]铁道部.GBJ111-87.铁路工程抗震设计规范.北京.1987
[23]铁道部.GB50111-2006.铁路工程抗震设计规范.北京.2006
[24]城市轨道交通结构抗震设计规范讨论稿
[25]日本铁道技术综合研究所.铁道构造物等设计标准同解说.耐震设计.东京.1999
[26]European Committee for Standardization.EN 1998-1:2004.Eurocode 8,Design of structures for earthquake resistance,Part2:bridges.2004
[27]东南大学,天津大学,同济大学.混凝土结构设计原理(第三版).北京.中国建筑工业出版 社
[28]王东升,翟桐,郭明珠.利用Push-over方法评价桥梁的抗震安全性.世界地震工程.2002.16(2)
[29]魏巍,冯启民.几种Push-over分析方法对比研究.地震工程与工程振动.2002.22(4)
[30]崔高航.桥梁结构PUSH-OVER方法研究[学位论文].北京.中国地震局工程力学研究室.2003
[31]Vidic T,Fajfar P.Consistentin elastic designs pectra:strength and displacement.Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.1994.32(3):507-521
[32]王东升,翟桐,郭明珠.利用Push-over方法评价桥梁的抗震安全性.世界地震工程.2000.16(2):47-51
[33]王勇.公路地基液化判定、液化等级和液化区域研究[学位论文].西安.长安大学.2002
[34]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害(三).北京.地震出版社.1986
[35]姜淑珍,林均岐.城市桥梁震害预测方法的探讨.世界地震工程.2004.20(4):66
[36]陈孟君,刘佩怡,廖元浩.921集集地震桥梁震害解说
[37]张荻薇,王炽烈,宋裕祺.九二一集集大地震桥梁震害勘查报告.土木技术(台).1998:50-68
[38]徐金明.Matlab实用教程.北京.清华大学出版社,北京交通大学出版社.2005
[39]智能中国网.神经网络入门教程
[40]许东,吴铮.基于MATLAB 6.X的系统分析与设计—神经网络.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社.2002
[41]丛爽.面向Matlab工具箱的神经网络理论与应用.北京.中国科学技术大学出版社.2003
[42]Ashida Yuzuru.Data Processing of reflection seismic data by use of neural network.Journal of Applied Geophysics.September,1996.35(2):89-98
[43]Allameh Zadeh,M Nassery,P.Application of puadratic neural networks to seismic signal classification.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors.June,1999.113(1):103-110
[44]Bodri Bertalan.A neural-network model for earthquake occurrence.Journal of Geodynamics.October,2001.32(3):289-310
[45]石成钢,刘西拉.人工神经元网络在震害预测中的应用.地震工程与工程振动.1991.11(2):39-46
[46]刘兴业,王海超,邓文樵.人工神经元网络在公路工程震害预测方面的应用.地震工程与工程振动.1996.16(4):97-103
[47]高大启.由教师的线性基本函数前向三层神经网络结构研究.计算机学报.1998.21(1):80-85
[48]储诚山,张宏伟,郭军.基于遗传算法和BP神经网络的用水量预测.中国农村水利水电.2006年第4期
[2]新华社.权威专家详解中国的地震灾害与地质构造.2008.6.26
[3]建设部令.第117号.城市抗震防灾规划管理规定.2003.9
[4]建设部.GB50157-2003.2003.地铁设计规范.北京.2003
[5]王东升,冯启民.桥梁震害预测方法.自然灾害学报.2001.10(3):113-117
[6]久保庆三郎.张尚识译.桥梁的震害预测.国外地震工程.1984第5期:1-11
[7]Kawashimi K.杨海荣,郑琦译.日本公路桥的抗震鉴定和加固.国外桥梁.1997第2期:69-77
[8]周神根,王天威,杨睿环.铁路桥梁震害简易预测法.抗震防灾对策.开封.河南科学技术出版社.1988:276-288
[9]朱美珍.公路桥梁的震害预测.第三届全国地震工程回忆论文集.大连.大连理工大学出版社.1990:1797-1802
[10]Buckle I G,Kim S H.A vulnerability assessment modal for highway bridges.New York:Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,Procedings of the Fourth U.S.Confemnce.American Society of Civil Engineerings.1995:493-500
[11]黄龙生,黄勇.公路桥梁的震害概率.工程抗震.1996第3期:46-48
[12]Kilar V,Fajfar P.Simplified push-over analsys of building structures.Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.1997.26:233-249
[13]杜鹏.钢筋混凝土梁式桥的地震易损性分析[学位论文](Seismic Vulneralbility Eatimation on Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Bridge[Dissertation]).北京.北京工业大学.2004:1-4
[14]徐清.信息化桥梁地震安全评估系统[学位论文](Seismic Safety Assessment System Based on FEM and Information Technology[Dissertation]).青岛.中国海洋大学.2007:6-7
[15]Wen-Huei Yen.Lessons learned about bridges from earthquake in Taiwan.PUBLIC ROADS.2002(1):20-23
[16]铁道部建设司抗震计划专项.汶川地震工程震害调查及铁路工程抗震设计标准研究调查总报告.2008
[17]叶爱君.桥梁抗震.北京.人民交通出版社.2002:14-24
[18]EERI.Loma prieta earthquake reconnaissance report.Earthquake Spectra.1990.6
[19]EERI.Northridge earthquake reconnaissance report.Earthquake Spectra.1990.11
[20]Nznsee Reconnaissance Team Report.The hyogo-ken nanbu earthquake(the great hansbin earthquake)of 17 January 1995.Bull Nat Soc New Zealand Earthquake Engyg.1995.28(1):1-98.
[21]孙振凯,邹其嘉.公路桥梁地震易损性和震后恢复过程.华南地震.1999.19(2):62-64
[22]铁道部.GBJ111-87.铁路工程抗震设计规范.北京.1987
[23]铁道部.GB50111-2006.铁路工程抗震设计规范.北京.2006
[24]城市轨道交通结构抗震设计规范讨论稿
[25]日本铁道技术综合研究所.铁道构造物等设计标准同解说.耐震设计.东京.1999
[26]European Committee for Standardization.EN 1998-1:2004.Eurocode 8,Design of structures for earthquake resistance,Part2:bridges.2004
[27]东南大学,天津大学,同济大学.混凝土结构设计原理(第三版).北京.中国建筑工业出版 社
[28]王东升,翟桐,郭明珠.利用Push-over方法评价桥梁的抗震安全性.世界地震工程.2002.16(2)
[29]魏巍,冯启民.几种Push-over分析方法对比研究.地震工程与工程振动.2002.22(4)
[30]崔高航.桥梁结构PUSH-OVER方法研究[学位论文].北京.中国地震局工程力学研究室.2003
[31]Vidic T,Fajfar P.Consistentin elastic designs pectra:strength and displacement.Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.1994.32(3):507-521
[32]王东升,翟桐,郭明珠.利用Push-over方法评价桥梁的抗震安全性.世界地震工程.2000.16(2):47-51
[33]王勇.公路地基液化判定、液化等级和液化区域研究[学位论文].西安.长安大学.2002
[34]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害(三).北京.地震出版社.1986
[35]姜淑珍,林均岐.城市桥梁震害预测方法的探讨.世界地震工程.2004.20(4):66
[36]陈孟君,刘佩怡,廖元浩.921集集地震桥梁震害解说
[37]张荻薇,王炽烈,宋裕祺.九二一集集大地震桥梁震害勘查报告.土木技术(台).1998:50-68
[38]徐金明.Matlab实用教程.北京.清华大学出版社,北京交通大学出版社.2005
[39]智能中国网.神经网络入门教程
[40]许东,吴铮.基于MATLAB 6.X的系统分析与设计—神经网络.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社.2002
[41]丛爽.面向Matlab工具箱的神经网络理论与应用.北京.中国科学技术大学出版社.2003
[42]Ashida Yuzuru.Data Processing of reflection seismic data by use of neural network.Journal of Applied Geophysics.September,1996.35(2):89-98
[43]Allameh Zadeh,M Nassery,P.Application of puadratic neural networks to seismic signal classification.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors.June,1999.113(1):103-110
[44]Bodri Bertalan.A neural-network model for earthquake occurrence.Journal of Geodynamics.October,2001.32(3):289-310
[45]石成钢,刘西拉.人工神经元网络在震害预测中的应用.地震工程与工程振动.1991.11(2):39-46
[46]刘兴业,王海超,邓文樵.人工神经元网络在公路工程震害预测方面的应用.地震工程与工程振动.1996.16(4):97-103
[47]高大启.由教师的线性基本函数前向三层神经网络结构研究.计算机学报.1998.21(1):80-85
[48]储诚山,张宏伟,郭军.基于遗传算法和BP神经网络的用水量预测.中国农村水利水电.2006年第4期