高速激光打孔加工的技术研究
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摘要
当今对小孔的需求越来越大,而在机械加工中,孔的加工特别是小孔加工是最为困难的,本文是基于激光打孔具有许多优点,进行理论和实际分析。
本文通过分析打孔的机理,以便掌握激光与物质相互作用的打孔过程。激光加工的实质是激光将能量传递给被加工材料,被加工材料发生物理或化学变化,从而达到打孔的目的。本文详细介绍了激光打孔设备的各组成部分。利用有限元软件ANSYS对打孔的热场分布进行分析。采用合金钢进行实验,利用测量仪器测量实验数据,并且利用MATLAB软件对激光打孔的工艺进行了分析和研究,得出了激光打孔中的参数:脉冲能量、脉冲数量、脉冲宽度、离焦量、脉冲重复频率,对激光打孔质量的影响,总结出激光打孔的最优参数。本文同时讨论了高速激光打孔的基本原理,利用旋转棱镜对运动工件进行打孔,与传统激光打孔方式相比大大提高了打孔速度。
Nowadays the need of the pinhole is more and more urgent, but in machining, the processing of hole especially the pinhole is the most difficult. Based on the advantages of laser drilling, this paper made some analysis in theories and practices field.
By analyzing the mechanism of drilling, this paper will elaborate the drilling process with interaction between material and laser. The essence of laser process is that laser transfers energy to the material being processed, and the material being processed undergoes some physical and chemical changes so as to drill on the target material. This dissertation introduces every part of the whole laser drilling system in detail, and analyzes the temperature field of drilling. In the experiment of alloy steel, makes use of the measuring instrument for getting the experiment data, and, makes some analysis and studies on laser drilling process by MATLAB, and then some parameter has been obtained, such as laser energy densities, pulse number, pulse width, off-focus offset and repeat frequency, and the influence to the quality of drilling, sums up the optimal laser drilling parameters. Meanwhile this paper discusses the principle of high speed laser drilling, makes use of rotating polygon mirror to drill on moving workpiece, improve the drilling speed greatly compared with traditional way.
本文通过分析打孔的机理,以便掌握激光与物质相互作用的打孔过程。激光加工的实质是激光将能量传递给被加工材料,被加工材料发生物理或化学变化,从而达到打孔的目的。本文详细介绍了激光打孔设备的各组成部分。利用有限元软件ANSYS对打孔的热场分布进行分析。采用合金钢进行实验,利用测量仪器测量实验数据,并且利用MATLAB软件对激光打孔的工艺进行了分析和研究,得出了激光打孔中的参数:脉冲能量、脉冲数量、脉冲宽度、离焦量、脉冲重复频率,对激光打孔质量的影响,总结出激光打孔的最优参数。本文同时讨论了高速激光打孔的基本原理,利用旋转棱镜对运动工件进行打孔,与传统激光打孔方式相比大大提高了打孔速度。
Nowadays the need of the pinhole is more and more urgent, but in machining, the processing of hole especially the pinhole is the most difficult. Based on the advantages of laser drilling, this paper made some analysis in theories and practices field.
By analyzing the mechanism of drilling, this paper will elaborate the drilling process with interaction between material and laser. The essence of laser process is that laser transfers energy to the material being processed, and the material being processed undergoes some physical and chemical changes so as to drill on the target material. This dissertation introduces every part of the whole laser drilling system in detail, and analyzes the temperature field of drilling. In the experiment of alloy steel, makes use of the measuring instrument for getting the experiment data, and, makes some analysis and studies on laser drilling process by MATLAB, and then some parameter has been obtained, such as laser energy densities, pulse number, pulse width, off-focus offset and repeat frequency, and the influence to the quality of drilling, sums up the optimal laser drilling parameters. Meanwhile this paper discusses the principle of high speed laser drilling, makes use of rotating polygon mirror to drill on moving workpiece, improve the drilling speed greatly compared with traditional way.
引文
1关振中激光加工工艺手册.北京:中国计量出版社出版,1998,6:58～61
2 Laser beams defense into the future [ EB/ OL ] . http:// www. unl .gov ,2002-10-11:135～140
3袁根福.激光加工技术的应用与发展现状.安徽:安徽建筑工业学院学报,2004 12:22～25
4朱企业编著.激光精密加工.北京:机械工业出版社,1999,7:59
5李祥友,曾晓雁,黄维玲.激光精密加工技术的现状和展望.LASER JOURNAL (Vol.21,No.
6郑启光编著.激光先进制造技术.湖北:华中科技大学出版社,2002,12:1～14
7路建,倪晓武,贺安之编著.激光与材料相互作用物理学[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1996
8李力钧.现代激光加工及其设备.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1992,11:107～121
9肖运鸿德国激光技术现状与加速发展我国激光制造技术和产业的建议.机器人技术与应用.2003,05:10～12
10 W.W.Duley, CO2 laser-Effects and Applications.New York: Academic Press, 1978
11永钢光电精密仪器有限公司手册.永钢光电精密仪器有限公司。2005
12唐兴伦.ANSYS工程应用教程热与电磁学篇.北京-中国铁道出版社,2003:7～10
13张国智,胡仁喜.ANSYS10.0热力学有限元分析实力指导教程.北京:机械工业出版社2007,6:54～60
14张魁武.国外激光加工实例.激光于红外,1996(3):207
15郑启光,辜建辉编著.激光与物质相互作用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1996
16雷卡林等.材料的激光加工.北京:科学出版社, 1982:18～51
17曹明翠,郑启光等编著.激光热加工.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1995
18方建成,王续跃,邓琦林等.提高脉冲激光打孔质量的措施.工艺与检测.2002年9月
19王智勇,陈铠,左铁钏等.辅助气体对打孔的影响.激光杂志.2000年第21卷第6期44～46
20魏光辉,杨培根著.激光技术在兵器工业中的应用.北京:兵器工业出版社.1995.7
21 X .X沃道瓦托夫等.激光在工艺中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 1980
22黄卫东,毛志英,周尧和.金属学报,1986
23水金城,陈武军著.微米级微孔激光打孔的研究.应用激光.第14卷第3期.1994年6月
24 D.比姆贝格等.激光在工业与技术中的应用.北京:科学出版社, 1980
25 F.T.阿雷克等.激光的技术应用.北京:科学出版社, 1977
26韩要轩,陈培锋,陈泽民等.水松纸激光打孔技术研究.激光技术.第26卷第5期2002.10
27周益春,段祝平,周伯民.强激光破坏机理进展。力学与实验,1995
28孙承伟.激光辐照效应.北京:国防工业出版社,2002
29王继跃等编著.先进激光加工技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1995
30米曾编小孔加工.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
31李俊昌激光热处理优化控制研究.北京:冶金工业出版社,1995.12
32孙承伟激光辐照热效应.北京:国防工业出版社,2002
33姚连增晶体生长基础.合肥:中国科学技术大学,1995
34曹三松等漫反射聚光腔灯泵浦Nd :YAG激光器.激光技术.1999(6):339
35胡汉起金属凝固原理.北京:机械工业出版社,1991
36刘江龙、谭继福、张磊.激光快速熔凝组织特征及其强化研究.机械工程材料,1989年5期
37吕百达编著.激光光学.成都:四川大学出版社,1992
38曾秉斌.激光光束质量因子M 2的物理概念.应用激光,1994(3):104
39王续跃等.金属材料对激光的热吸收效应.大连:大连理工学报,1993,33(3)
40谢琼,许振鄂.激光加热三维瞬态温度场显示.湖北:华中科技大学学报,2001,7:69-71
41 Islam M.U.Campbell.Laser machining of ceramics: a review [J], Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 1993,8(6): 611-630
42 Martin Von Allmen,Laser-Beam Internations with Materials.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987
43 Behler K,et al,Using the Beam Polorization to Enhance the Energy Coupling in Laser Beam Welding.Proc of the seventh International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Elctrooptics ICALE 88,UK: Springe-Verlag IFS.Ltd 1989
44 F Ready.Effect of High Power Laser Raditation. New York: Academic Press,1971.
45 H.K.Toenshoff, F.Von Alvensleben.Micro drilling with a Nd: YAG-Q-swith-laser.Proc SPIE V1864, 96-107
46 A.G.Corfe, R.C.Crafer.Laser drilling. Eurolaser Academy. 1998
47 A.Gorur, C.Ciftlikil, and B.S.Yilbas.Focusing of laser hole drilling. Optics and Laser in Engng, 1990,18:349-369
48 Chun.M.K.and Rose.K.Interaction of High Intensity Laser Beams with Metal.J.Appl.Phy.1970; 41(2): 617-620
49 K Thyagarajan,A K Ghhtak.Lasers Theory and Applications.New York: Plenum Press, 1981.
2 Laser beams defense into the future [ EB/ OL ] . http:// www. unl .gov ,2002-10-11:135～140
3袁根福.激光加工技术的应用与发展现状.安徽:安徽建筑工业学院学报,2004 12:22～25
4朱企业编著.激光精密加工.北京:机械工业出版社,1999,7:59
5李祥友,曾晓雁,黄维玲.激光精密加工技术的现状和展望.LASER JOURNAL (Vol.21,No.
6郑启光编著.激光先进制造技术.湖北:华中科技大学出版社,2002,12:1～14
7路建,倪晓武,贺安之编著.激光与材料相互作用物理学[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1996
8李力钧.现代激光加工及其设备.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1992,11:107～121
9肖运鸿德国激光技术现状与加速发展我国激光制造技术和产业的建议.机器人技术与应用.2003,05:10～12
10 W.W.Duley, CO2 laser-Effects and Applications.New York: Academic Press, 1978
11永钢光电精密仪器有限公司手册.永钢光电精密仪器有限公司。2005
12唐兴伦.ANSYS工程应用教程热与电磁学篇.北京-中国铁道出版社,2003:7～10
13张国智,胡仁喜.ANSYS10.0热力学有限元分析实力指导教程.北京:机械工业出版社2007,6:54～60
14张魁武.国外激光加工实例.激光于红外,1996(3):207
15郑启光,辜建辉编著.激光与物质相互作用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1996
16雷卡林等.材料的激光加工.北京:科学出版社, 1982:18～51
17曹明翠,郑启光等编著.激光热加工.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1995
18方建成,王续跃,邓琦林等.提高脉冲激光打孔质量的措施.工艺与检测.2002年9月
19王智勇,陈铠,左铁钏等.辅助气体对打孔的影响.激光杂志.2000年第21卷第6期44～46
20魏光辉,杨培根著.激光技术在兵器工业中的应用.北京:兵器工业出版社.1995.7
21 X .X沃道瓦托夫等.激光在工艺中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 1980
22黄卫东,毛志英,周尧和.金属学报,1986
23水金城,陈武军著.微米级微孔激光打孔的研究.应用激光.第14卷第3期.1994年6月
24 D.比姆贝格等.激光在工业与技术中的应用.北京:科学出版社, 1980
25 F.T.阿雷克等.激光的技术应用.北京:科学出版社, 1977
26韩要轩,陈培锋,陈泽民等.水松纸激光打孔技术研究.激光技术.第26卷第5期2002.10
27周益春,段祝平,周伯民.强激光破坏机理进展。力学与实验,1995
28孙承伟.激光辐照效应.北京:国防工业出版社,2002
29王继跃等编著.先进激光加工技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1995
30米曾编小孔加工.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
31李俊昌激光热处理优化控制研究.北京:冶金工业出版社,1995.12
32孙承伟激光辐照热效应.北京:国防工业出版社,2002
33姚连增晶体生长基础.合肥:中国科学技术大学,1995
34曹三松等漫反射聚光腔灯泵浦Nd :YAG激光器.激光技术.1999(6):339
35胡汉起金属凝固原理.北京:机械工业出版社,1991
36刘江龙、谭继福、张磊.激光快速熔凝组织特征及其强化研究.机械工程材料,1989年5期
37吕百达编著.激光光学.成都:四川大学出版社,1992
38曾秉斌.激光光束质量因子M 2的物理概念.应用激光,1994(3):104
39王续跃等.金属材料对激光的热吸收效应.大连:大连理工学报,1993,33(3)
40谢琼,许振鄂.激光加热三维瞬态温度场显示.湖北:华中科技大学学报,2001,7:69-71
41 Islam M.U.Campbell.Laser machining of ceramics: a review [J], Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 1993,8(6): 611-630
42 Martin Von Allmen,Laser-Beam Internations with Materials.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987
43 Behler K,et al,Using the Beam Polorization to Enhance the Energy Coupling in Laser Beam Welding.Proc of the seventh International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Elctrooptics ICALE 88,UK: Springe-Verlag IFS.Ltd 1989
44 F Ready.Effect of High Power Laser Raditation. New York: Academic Press,1971.
45 H.K.Toenshoff, F.Von Alvensleben.Micro drilling with a Nd: YAG-Q-swith-laser.Proc SPIE V1864, 96-107
46 A.G.Corfe, R.C.Crafer.Laser drilling. Eurolaser Academy. 1998
47 A.Gorur, C.Ciftlikil, and B.S.Yilbas.Focusing of laser hole drilling. Optics and Laser in Engng, 1990,18:349-369
48 Chun.M.K.and Rose.K.Interaction of High Intensity Laser Beams with Metal.J.Appl.Phy.1970; 41(2): 617-620
49 K Thyagarajan,A K Ghhtak.Lasers Theory and Applications.New York: Plenum Press, 1981.
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