合金元素对耐热镁合金压入蠕变性能的影响
|
摘要
本文以铸造Mg-Al合金为基础,通过合金化得到AE、AEC、AECJ和AECS系镁合金。对铸态、固溶态和时效态各合金的高温压入蠕变性能进行试验,并对合金压入蠕变前后的组织和相成分变化进行检测分析。结果表明:
(1)AE42合金的铸态组织主要由针状的Al_(11)La_3相和少量颗粒状Al_2La相组成。Al_(11)La_3和Al_2La在200℃下有很好的热稳定性,能阻碍晶界滑移和位错运动,以保证AE42合金的抗蠕变性能。Al在镁基体中的固溶度高,在应力作用下有利于β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相不连续析出,恶化了AE42合金的蠕变抗力。
(2)AEC4108L合金的析出相为分布在晶界处的细针状和骨骼状相,及晶内的颗粒状相。在AEC4108L合金中添加少量Sr后,合金得到细化,且在晶界处有鱼骨状新相析出。在AEC4108L中添加(0.2～0.8)wt.%Si后,合金中有汉字状相析出。随Si含量的增加,合金组织有细化的趋势。AECS合金中有杆状、颗粒状、骨骼状和汉字状等相析出。且随Si含量增加,杆状、颗粒状和汉字状相含量增加。压入蠕变后,AEC4108L和AECJ410802L合金中无新相析出,但骨骼状量减少;AECS合金中的短杆状和颗粒状相量有增加。
各合金的析出相在压入蠕变过程中保持形貌基本不变。细针状是Al_(11)La_3,骨骼状是Al_2Ca,颗粒状是Al_2La,鱼骨状是Al_4Sr,汉字状是Mg_2Si。AECS合金中的杆状、颗粒状和骨骼状相的组成较复杂,为多元相或二元相的混合物。
(3)含NdPr混合稀土的合金较含LPC的合金有更为明显的晶界,但晶粒的细化程度较差。在AEC4108N和AEC4108L合金中添加少量Sr后合金变得更为均匀,且合金中的析出相也变得更为明显。AEC4108N和AEC4108L中的析出相形貌主要为针状、颗粒状、骨骼状和部分片状。AECJ410802N和AECJ410802L合金中的析出相的形貌变得更为明显,除针状、颗粒状和骨骼状相外,还在晶界处有少量鱼骨状相析出。混合稀土NdPr在对提高镁合金抗蠕变性能的作用比LPC混合稀土更明显,适量的Sr可提高AEC合金的抗蠕变性能。
(4)合金经热处理后抗蠕变性能变差,铸态最好,固溶态其次,时效态最差。热处理后,合金的析出相形貌无大的变化,析出相变得细化。在晶界处有不同量的细小片状和颗粒状β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相析出。压入蠕变后,各形态合金的晶粒均有再结晶粗化的趋势,且晶粒尺寸随热处理时间的增加而增大。在固溶过程中,合金中的β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相几乎都溶入镁基体中,而在时效过程中又沿着晶界析出。β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相的低熔点是镁合金抗蠕变性能差的重要原因。
(5)在试验温度125℃、150℃、175℃、200℃,应力为55MPa、75MPa、95MPa条件下,各合金的压入蠕变数据可用(?)_s=Aσ~nexp(-Q_c/RT)表示。AE42、AEC4108L、AECJ410802L和AECS410808合金的平均应力指数分别为3.06、3.173、3.12和3.039,平均蠕变激活能分别为72.4kJ/mol、33.985kJ/mol、50.487kJ/mol和30.064kJ/mol,材料结构常数分别为0.0003285、1.25318×10~(-8)、3.6389×10~(-8)和1.08619×10~(-8)。
(6)在压入条件下,AE42合金的蠕变机制为晶界扩散主导的位错粘滞性滑移,AEC4108L、AECJ410802L和AECS410808合金的蠕变机制均为晶界滑移主导的位错粘滞运动。
Major in Material Processing Engineering Postgraduate:ZHANG Yao-cheng Supervisor:Prof.ZENG Ming
In the project,the AE,AEC,AECJ and AECS magnesium alloys were prepared by adding proper amount RE,Ca,Sr and Si elements into as-cast Mg-Al matrix alloy. The elevated temperature indentation creep resistant properties of as-cast,solid solution state,and aging state alloys were investigated on a special apparatus.The microstructure and composition of the precipitated phases before and after creep test were performed.The results indicate:
(1)The as-cast AE42 alloy was consist ofα-Mg matrix,acicular Al_(11)La_3 and granular Al_2La.Al_(11)La_3 and Al_2La,which have good thermal steady under 200℃, can guarantee the creep resistance of AE42 alloy by hindering gain boundary sliding and dislocation movement.The creep resistance properties of AE42 alloy were deteriorated because of the high solid solubility of Al element in theα-Mg matrix, which is beneficial to discontinuous precipitation ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) along the grain boundary.
(2)The precipitation phase morphologies of AEC4108 containing La-Pr-Ce mischmetal(AEC4108L) were acicular and bone,which appeared along grain boundary,and granular which appeared in grain.The grain had been fined and there was fish-bone phase distributing along the grain boundary after adding a small quantity of Sr element into AEC4108L alloy.And if(0.2～0.8) wt.%Si was added into AEC4108L alloy,the grain had fined a little,and there was Chinese script type phase appearing in the grain.The precipitation phase morphologies of AECS alloys were rod,granular,bone and Chinese script,and the amount of rod and granular phases were increasing with the contents of Si.There was no new phase appeared in the grain and the contents of bone phase deceased in the AEC4108L alloy and AECJ410802L alloy,but the contents of short rod and granular phases increased in the AECS alloys after creep test.
The compositions of precipitation phases keep invariant.The acicular,bone, granular,fish-bone and Chinese script phases were Al_(11)La_3,Al_2Ca,Al_2La,Al_4Sr and Mg_2Si,respectively.But the compositions of precipitation phases of AECS alloys are complicated.The phases were multivariate phase or the mixture of binary phases.
(3)The alloys containing Nd-Pr misch rare earth have more significant grain boundary than the alloys containing La-Pr-Ce mischmetal,but have worse grain refinement.The grain of AEC4108 alloys added into a small quantity of Sr got more uniform,and the precipitation phases morphologies become more signification.The main phases morphologies of AEC4108 alloys are acicular,bone,granular and some lamellar,and there is fish-bone phase distributing in the grain after 0.2wt.%Sr adding into the AEC4108 alloys.The alloys containing Nd-Pr misch rare earth have better elevated creep resistance than the alloys containing La-Pr-Ce mischmetal,and Sr can improve the creep resistance of magnesium alloys.
(4)The creep resistance of as-cast magnesium alloy is the best,solid-solution is secondly and aging is the worst.The precipitation phase morphologies of alloys had not changed much after heat treatment.There was some small lamellar and granularβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) precipitating along the grain boundary.The grain was coarsened during the indentation creep.Almost all theβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) dissolved in theα-Mg matrix after solid solution,but it precipitated along grain boundary again during aging.The high solid solubility of Al element in theα-Mg matrix is the predominant cause of the poor creep resistance of magnesium.
(5) The creep data for these alloys could be correlated using an empirical equation(?)=Aσ~n exp(-Q_c/RT) under the creep temperature 125℃、150℃、175℃、200℃and creep stress 55MPa、75MPa、95MPa,where n is stress exponent,σis stress,Q_c is creep activation energy.The stress exponent and activation energy had not changed too much under different stresses and temperatures.The stress exponents for AE42,AEC4108L,AECJ410802L and AECS410808 alloys are 3.06, 3.172,3.12 and 3.039,respectively.And the creep activation energies for AE42, AEC4108L,AECJ410802L and AECS410808 alloys are 72.4kJ/mol、33.985kJ/mol、50.487kJ/mol and 30.064kJ/mol,respectively.
(6) The indentation steady creep rate of AE42 alloy is controlled by the grain boundary sliding led by dislocation viscosity slipping.And the predominant creep mechanism for AEC4108L,AECJ410802L and AECS410808 alloys is the dislocation viscosity slipping led by grain boundary sliding.
(1)AE42合金的铸态组织主要由针状的Al_(11)La_3相和少量颗粒状Al_2La相组成。Al_(11)La_3和Al_2La在200℃下有很好的热稳定性,能阻碍晶界滑移和位错运动,以保证AE42合金的抗蠕变性能。Al在镁基体中的固溶度高,在应力作用下有利于β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相不连续析出,恶化了AE42合金的蠕变抗力。
(2)AEC4108L合金的析出相为分布在晶界处的细针状和骨骼状相,及晶内的颗粒状相。在AEC4108L合金中添加少量Sr后,合金得到细化,且在晶界处有鱼骨状新相析出。在AEC4108L中添加(0.2～0.8)wt.%Si后,合金中有汉字状相析出。随Si含量的增加,合金组织有细化的趋势。AECS合金中有杆状、颗粒状、骨骼状和汉字状等相析出。且随Si含量增加,杆状、颗粒状和汉字状相含量增加。压入蠕变后,AEC4108L和AECJ410802L合金中无新相析出,但骨骼状量减少;AECS合金中的短杆状和颗粒状相量有增加。
各合金的析出相在压入蠕变过程中保持形貌基本不变。细针状是Al_(11)La_3,骨骼状是Al_2Ca,颗粒状是Al_2La,鱼骨状是Al_4Sr,汉字状是Mg_2Si。AECS合金中的杆状、颗粒状和骨骼状相的组成较复杂,为多元相或二元相的混合物。
(3)含NdPr混合稀土的合金较含LPC的合金有更为明显的晶界,但晶粒的细化程度较差。在AEC4108N和AEC4108L合金中添加少量Sr后合金变得更为均匀,且合金中的析出相也变得更为明显。AEC4108N和AEC4108L中的析出相形貌主要为针状、颗粒状、骨骼状和部分片状。AECJ410802N和AECJ410802L合金中的析出相的形貌变得更为明显,除针状、颗粒状和骨骼状相外,还在晶界处有少量鱼骨状相析出。混合稀土NdPr在对提高镁合金抗蠕变性能的作用比LPC混合稀土更明显,适量的Sr可提高AEC合金的抗蠕变性能。
(4)合金经热处理后抗蠕变性能变差,铸态最好,固溶态其次,时效态最差。热处理后,合金的析出相形貌无大的变化,析出相变得细化。在晶界处有不同量的细小片状和颗粒状β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相析出。压入蠕变后,各形态合金的晶粒均有再结晶粗化的趋势,且晶粒尺寸随热处理时间的增加而增大。在固溶过程中,合金中的β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相几乎都溶入镁基体中,而在时效过程中又沿着晶界析出。β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相的低熔点是镁合金抗蠕变性能差的重要原因。
(5)在试验温度125℃、150℃、175℃、200℃,应力为55MPa、75MPa、95MPa条件下,各合金的压入蠕变数据可用(?)_s=Aσ~nexp(-Q_c/RT)表示。AE42、AEC4108L、AECJ410802L和AECS410808合金的平均应力指数分别为3.06、3.173、3.12和3.039,平均蠕变激活能分别为72.4kJ/mol、33.985kJ/mol、50.487kJ/mol和30.064kJ/mol,材料结构常数分别为0.0003285、1.25318×10~(-8)、3.6389×10~(-8)和1.08619×10~(-8)。
(6)在压入条件下,AE42合金的蠕变机制为晶界扩散主导的位错粘滞性滑移,AEC4108L、AECJ410802L和AECS410808合金的蠕变机制均为晶界滑移主导的位错粘滞运动。
Major in Material Processing Engineering Postgraduate:ZHANG Yao-cheng Supervisor:Prof.ZENG Ming
In the project,the AE,AEC,AECJ and AECS magnesium alloys were prepared by adding proper amount RE,Ca,Sr and Si elements into as-cast Mg-Al matrix alloy. The elevated temperature indentation creep resistant properties of as-cast,solid solution state,and aging state alloys were investigated on a special apparatus.The microstructure and composition of the precipitated phases before and after creep test were performed.The results indicate:
(1)The as-cast AE42 alloy was consist ofα-Mg matrix,acicular Al_(11)La_3 and granular Al_2La.Al_(11)La_3 and Al_2La,which have good thermal steady under 200℃, can guarantee the creep resistance of AE42 alloy by hindering gain boundary sliding and dislocation movement.The creep resistance properties of AE42 alloy were deteriorated because of the high solid solubility of Al element in theα-Mg matrix, which is beneficial to discontinuous precipitation ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) along the grain boundary.
(2)The precipitation phase morphologies of AEC4108 containing La-Pr-Ce mischmetal(AEC4108L) were acicular and bone,which appeared along grain boundary,and granular which appeared in grain.The grain had been fined and there was fish-bone phase distributing along the grain boundary after adding a small quantity of Sr element into AEC4108L alloy.And if(0.2～0.8) wt.%Si was added into AEC4108L alloy,the grain had fined a little,and there was Chinese script type phase appearing in the grain.The precipitation phase morphologies of AECS alloys were rod,granular,bone and Chinese script,and the amount of rod and granular phases were increasing with the contents of Si.There was no new phase appeared in the grain and the contents of bone phase deceased in the AEC4108L alloy and AECJ410802L alloy,but the contents of short rod and granular phases increased in the AECS alloys after creep test.
The compositions of precipitation phases keep invariant.The acicular,bone, granular,fish-bone and Chinese script phases were Al_(11)La_3,Al_2Ca,Al_2La,Al_4Sr and Mg_2Si,respectively.But the compositions of precipitation phases of AECS alloys are complicated.The phases were multivariate phase or the mixture of binary phases.
(3)The alloys containing Nd-Pr misch rare earth have more significant grain boundary than the alloys containing La-Pr-Ce mischmetal,but have worse grain refinement.The grain of AEC4108 alloys added into a small quantity of Sr got more uniform,and the precipitation phases morphologies become more signification.The main phases morphologies of AEC4108 alloys are acicular,bone,granular and some lamellar,and there is fish-bone phase distributing in the grain after 0.2wt.%Sr adding into the AEC4108 alloys.The alloys containing Nd-Pr misch rare earth have better elevated creep resistance than the alloys containing La-Pr-Ce mischmetal,and Sr can improve the creep resistance of magnesium alloys.
(4)The creep resistance of as-cast magnesium alloy is the best,solid-solution is secondly and aging is the worst.The precipitation phase morphologies of alloys had not changed much after heat treatment.There was some small lamellar and granularβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) precipitating along the grain boundary.The grain was coarsened during the indentation creep.Almost all theβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) dissolved in theα-Mg matrix after solid solution,but it precipitated along grain boundary again during aging.The high solid solubility of Al element in theα-Mg matrix is the predominant cause of the poor creep resistance of magnesium.
(5) The creep data for these alloys could be correlated using an empirical equation(?)=Aσ~n exp(-Q_c/RT) under the creep temperature 125℃、150℃、175℃、200℃and creep stress 55MPa、75MPa、95MPa,where n is stress exponent,σis stress,Q_c is creep activation energy.The stress exponent and activation energy had not changed too much under different stresses and temperatures.The stress exponents for AE42,AEC4108L,AECJ410802L and AECS410808 alloys are 3.06, 3.172,3.12 and 3.039,respectively.And the creep activation energies for AE42, AEC4108L,AECJ410802L and AECS410808 alloys are 72.4kJ/mol、33.985kJ/mol、50.487kJ/mol and 30.064kJ/mol,respectively.
(6) The indentation steady creep rate of AE42 alloy is controlled by the grain boundary sliding led by dislocation viscosity slipping.And the predominant creep mechanism for AEC4108L,AECJ410802L and AECS410808 alloys is the dislocation viscosity slipping led by grain boundary sliding.
引文
[1]Hoy-Petersen N Ptoc.47~(th) Annual World Magnesium Conf.,Vol 18,International Magnesium Association,1990.18
[2]罗爱华.镁在汽车工业上的应用[A].上海压铸镁国际研讨会论文集[C].中国上海,2001:64-76.
[3]Kainer K V.Magnesium Alloys and Their Applications.Munich:DGM,2000:14-22
[4]Kaplan H,Hryn J,Clov B.Magnesium Technology 2000[M].Nashville:TMS,2000:279-284
[5]Luo A A,Shinoda T.Magnesium Alloy Having Superior Elevated-Temperature and Diecastability[P].IMRA America Inc.US Patent:US5855697.1997
[6]Mordike B L.Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys[J].Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals,2001,51(1):2-13
[7]袁广银.轿车用耐热镁合金的应用基础研究.上海交通大学博士后研究工作报告.上海交通大学,2001
[8]崔昆.铸造合金及其熔炼[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1985.
[9]Kainer K U,Buch F von.The Current State of Technology and Potential for Further Development of Magnesium Applications.in Kainer K U(ed).Kaiser F(trans).Magnesium Alloys and Technology.Weiheim:WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co.KG Aa,2003.
[10]Cahn R W,Haasen P,Kramer E J ed.Materials Science and Technology—A Comprehensive Treatment.In Matucha K H(ed).Structure and Properties of Nonferrous Alloys(Vol 8).VCH Weinheim,1996.
[11]P.J.Meschter,J.E.O.Oneal.Rapid solidification processing of Magnesium-Lithium alloys.Metallurgical transactions[J].Physical metallurgy and materials science,15A(1):237-240
[12]K.Hayashi,A.Inoue,et al.Rapidly solidified powder metallurgy Mg_(97)Zn_1Y_2 alloy with excellent tensile yield strength above 600MPa[J].Mater Trans 2001,42:1172-1176
[13]N.Zeumer,A.G.Honsel.Magnesium alloys in new aeronautic equipment//B.L.Mordike,F.Hehmann.Magnesium alloys and their applications.Verlat:Informatonsgesellschaft,1992:125-132.
[14]F.H.Forces,D.Eliezer,E.Aghion.How to increase the use of Magnesium in aerospace applications//E.Aghion,D.Eliezer.Magnesium 2000-proceedings of the second Israel international conference on Magnesium.Science and Technology.Dead Sea:43-49
[15]D.Turbull.Formation of crystal nuclei in liquid metals[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1950,21(10):1022-1028.
[16]S.C.Erickson,J.F.King,T.Mellerud.Conserving SF6 in Magnesium melting operations[J].Foundry Management & Technology,1998,16(6):38-49
[17]M.Sakamoto,S.Akiyama.Suppression of ignition and burning of molten Mg alloys by Ca bearing stable oxide film[J].Journal of Materials Science Letters,1997,(12):1048-1050
[18]樊建锋,杨根仓,程素玲,等.含Ca阻燃镁合金的高温氧化行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2004,(14):1666-1670
[19]G.Foerster.HiLoN:A new approach to Magnesium die casting[J].Advanced Materials&Processes,1998,154(4):79-81.
[20]W.Spiegelberg,S.Ali,S.Dunstone.The effects of beryllium additions on Magnesium and Magnesium containing alloys//B.L.Mordvle,F.Hehman.Magnesium alloys and their applications.Dgm Informations Gesellschaft Verlag,1992:251-256.
[21]陈振华,严红革,陈吉华,等.镁合金[M].北京:化学工业出版社2004,29,43-44.
[22]Kinji Hirai,Hidetoshi Somekawa,Yorinobu Takigawa,et al.Effects of Ca and Sr addition on mechanical properties of a cast AZ91 magnesium alloy at room and Elevated temperature[J].Mat Sci Eng A,2005,(403):276-280.
[23]张忠林,刘兆晶,李凤珍.镁合金燃点和耐蚀性及力学性能的研究[J].轻合金加工技术2003,31(7):31-34.
[24]樊昱,吴国华,高洪涛,等.Ca对镁合金组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2005,15(2):210-215.
[25]Powell B R,Rezhets V,Luo A A,et al.Creep-resistant Magnesium Alloy Die Casting[P].United States Patent 6264763.2001,07,24.
[26]Kainer K U,Buch F von.The current State of Technology and Potential for Further Development of Magnesium Applications.In Kainer K U(ed).Kaiser F(trans).Magnesium Alloys and Technology.Weinheim:WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH,2003.
[27]K H马哈图.非铁合金的结构与性能[M].北京:科学出版社,1999,120.
[28]ZENG Rongchang,KE Wei,et al.Recent development and applications of magnesium alloys[J].Acta metallurgica sinic Vol.37 No.7 July 2001 P673-685.
[29]胡赓祥,蔡珣,戎永华.材料科学基础[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2006.
[30]张永忠,崔代金,张奎,等.压铸镁合金及其在汽车工业中的应用[J].特种铸造及有色合金,1999,(3):54-56.
[31]Bronfin B,Katsir M,Aghion E.Preparation feathers of AS21 magnesium alloy[J]Material Science & Engineering,2001,A3O2:46-50.
[32]Humble P.Towards a cheap creep resistant magnesium alloy[J].Materials Forum,1997,21:45-56.
[33]王渠东,曾小勤,吕宜振,等.高温铸造镁合金的研究与应用[J].材料导报,2000,14(3):21-23.
[34]丁文江.镁合金科学与技术[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2007.
[35]I.P.Moreno,T.K.Nandya,J.W.Jones,et al.Micro-structural stability and creep of rare-earth containing magnesium alloys[J].Scripta Materilaia 48 2003,1029-1034.
[36]Zhang Xinming,Peng Zhuokai,et al.Heat-resistant magnesium alloys and their development[J].The Chinese journal of nonferrous metals,2004,14(9):1443-1450.
[37]Luo A A.Recent magnesium alloy development for automotive power train application[J].Mater Sci Forum,2003.419-422:57-66.
[38]Yuan Guangyin,Liu Manping,Ding Wenjiang.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Si-based alloys[J].Materials Science and Engineering.2003.(3):314-320.
[39]Jae Joong Kim,Do Hyangg Kim,Shin K S,et al.Modification of Mg-Si morphology in squeeze cast Mg-Al-Zn-Si alloys by Ca or P addition[J].Script a Materilaia,1999,41(3):333-334.
[40]黄晓锋,王渠东,卢晨,等.Si对AM50力学性能和高温蠕变性能的影响[J].材料研究学报,2004,6(18):630-634.
[41]Wei L Y,Dunlop G L,Westengen H.Development of microstructure in cast Mg-AI-rare earth alloys[J].Materials Science and Technology.1996.12(9):741750.
[42]Whitten Berger E J,Rhine F N.Origin of porosity in castings of magnesium-aluminum and other alloys[J].Trans,TMS-AIMS(Journal of Metals),1952,194:409-420.
[43]汤彬,李培杰,曾大本.钙、锶对AZ91D合金组织及性能的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2004,(5):5-7.
[44]张俊善.材料的高温变形与断裂[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[45]Pekguleryuz M.Labelle P,Argo D,et al.Magnesium die casting alloy AJ62x with superior creep resistance,ductility and die actability[c]//John Hryn.Magnesium technology.San Diego,CA.United States:Minerals,Metals andMaterialsSociety,2003:201-206.
[46]Luo A,Pekguleryuz M O.Review cast magnesium alloys for elevated temperature applications[J].Journal of Materials Science,1994,29:5259-5271.
[47]刘正,张奎,曾小勤.镁基轻质合金理论基础及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[48]袁广银,孙扬善,张为民.Bi对铸造镁合金组织和力学性能的影响[J].铸造,1998,(5):5-7.
[49]YUAN Guang-yin,LIU Man-ping,ZHU Yan-ping,et al.Effects of Te on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 cast magnesium alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2002,12(3):76-79.
[50]Yuan G Y,Liu ZL,Wang Q D,et al.Microstructure refinement of Mg-Al-Zn-Si alloys[J].Materials Letters,2002,56:53-58.
[51]袁广银,孙扬善,王震,等.Sb低合金化对Mg-9Al基合金显微组织和力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,1999,9(4):779.
[52]王渠东,吕宜振,曾小勤,等.稀土在铸造镁合金中的应用[J].特种铸造及有色合金,1999,(1):40-44.
[53]袁广银,曾小勤,吕宜振,等.锑合金化对镁铝基合金力学性能的改善作用[J].材料工程,2001,(4):10-15.
[54]袁广银,吕宜振,曾小勤,等.添加微量Sb对Mg-9AI-0.8Zn合金蠕变抗力及微观组织的影响[J].金属学报.2001,37(1):23.
[55]Wnag Qudong,Chen Wenzhou,Zen Xiaoqin,et al.Effect to Ca Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ91Magnesium Alloys[J].Journal of Materials Science,2001,36:3035-3040.
[56]石德珂,朱维斗.材料物理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[57]张诗昌,段汉桥,蔡启舟,等.主要合金元素对镁合金组织性能的影响[J].铸造,2001,50(6):310-314.
[58]Cahn R W,DING Dao-yun.Structure and Properties of Nonferrous Alloys[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999.129-176.
[59]ZHANG Zhan,Couture A,Luo A.An investigation of the properties of Mg-Zn-Al alloys[J].ScriptaMater,1998,39(1):45-53.
[60]Cahn R W.DING Dao-yun.Structure and Properties of Nonferrous Alloys[M].Beijing:Science Press.1999.129.
[61]Kojima Y.Platform science and technology for advanced magnesium alloy[J].Mater Sci Forum,2000,350-351:3-12.
[62]von Buch F,Lietzau J,Mordike B L,et al.Development of Mg-Se-Mn alloys[J].Mater Sci Eng A,1999,263:1-7.
[63]Gr(o|¨)bner J,Kovorkov D,Schmid-Fetzer R.Magnesium Alloys Development Guided by Thermodynamic Calculations.In:Hryn J(ed).Magnesium Technology.TMS.Warrendale:2001.105-112.
[64]白聿钦,赵丕峰,赵文波.Ag对Mg-Al-Zn系合金显微组织和力学性能的影响[J].铸造,2003,52(2):98-100.
[65]Pomear I J.Recent Development in Light Alloys[J].Transactions JIM,1996,37(1):21-31.
[66]Argo D,Pckguleryuz M O,Labelle P,et al.Die actability and properties of Mg-Al-Sr based alloys[C]//John Hryn.Magnesium technology 2001.New Orleans.Louisiana.S.A:Metals and Materials Society,2001,131-136.
[67]Drits M E,Sviderkays Z A,Rolhlin L L,et al.Effect of alloying on properties of Mg-Gd alloys[J].Metallovedenie Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov,1979(11):62-64.
[68]Mordike B L.Creep-resistant magnesium alloys[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2002,224:103-112.
[69]钟俊辉.稀土合金材料的进展[J].材料导报,1995(1):22-27.
[70]Nair K S,Mittal M C.Rare Earths in Magnesium Alloys Mater[J].Sci Forum.1988,30:89-104.
[71]Mordike B L.Creep-resistant magnesium alloys[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2002,224:103-112.
[72]Roberts C S.Magnesium and Its Alloys[M].Palo Alto California:Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation,1960,140.
[73]长崎诚三,平林真著,刘安生译.二元合金状态图集[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.
[74]哈宽富.金属力学性质的微观理论[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[75]И.A.奥金格等著,曹用涛,欧阳可强,译.金属的蠕变与持久强度理论[M].北京:中国业出版社.1966.
[76]M.E.Kassner,M.T.Perez-Prado.Fundamentals of creep in metals and alloys[M].ELSEVIER,2004:5
[77]Sherby O D,Burke P M.Mechanical behavior of crystalline solids at elevated temperature [J].Prog.in Mater.Sci.,1967,13(7):325-390.
[78]Kassner M E,Perez-Prrdo MT.Five-power-law creep in single phase metals and alloys.Prog[J].Mater.Sci.2000,45(1):1-102.
[79]David M O,Terence G L.Low Stress Creep Behavior:An Examination of Nabarro-Herring and Harper-Dom Creep[J].Materials Science and Engineering,A216,1996:20-29.
[80]Ruano O A,Sherby O D,Wadsworth J,et al.Rebuttal to In defense of diffusional creep[J].Material Science and Engineering A,1996,211(1-2):66-71.
[81]丁绍松,孙扬善,白晶,等.Ca对AE41合金的显微组织及力学性能的影响[J].江苏冶金,2003,31(1):11-15.
[82]Argo D,Pekguleryuz M O,Labelle P,et al.Process parameters an d die casting of Norand's AJ52 high temperature Mg-Al-Sr alloy[C]//Howard I.K.Magnesium technology 2002.Seattle,Washington,U.S.A:Metals an d Materials Society,2002:87-93
[83]潘复生,韩恩厚.高性能变形镁合金及加工技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[84]陈振华.耐热镁合金[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.
[85]黄德明.Mg-4Al-RE-Ca-Si耐热镁合金的组织与性能[D].成都:四川大学,2006.
[86]Dargusch M S,Bowles A L,Pettersen K,et al.The effect of silicon content on the microstructure and creep behavior in die-cast magnesium AS alloy[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transaction A,2004,35(6):1905-1909.
[87]Serkan Toros,Fahrettin Ozturk,Ilyas Kacar.Review of warm forming of alumimum-magnesium alloys[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2008,207, 1-3:1-12.
[88]R B Figueiredo,T G Langdon.The development of superplastic ductilities and microstructrual homogeneity in a magnesium ZK60 alloy processed by ECAP[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2006,430,1-2:151-156.
[89]T.Sato,M.V.Kral.Creep properties of an Mg-Al-Ca alloy produced by different casting technologies[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2008,498:369-376.
[90]S M Zhu,B L Mordike,J F Nie.Microstructural evolution of Mg-Al-Ca-Sr alloy during creep[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2008,483-484:583-586.
[91]曾明,徐道芬,沈保罗.Mg-Al-RE-Ca合金的压缩蠕变行为研究[J].热加工工艺,2008,37(18):17-20.
[92]白晶,孙扬善,薛烽,等.Ca,Sr加入对Mg-Al基合金显微组织和蠕变性能的影响[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,27(4):639-644.
[93]D.H.Kang,S.S.Park,N.J.Kim.Development of creep resistant die cast Mg-Sn-Al-Si alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2005,413-414:555-560.
[94]E.Evangelista,S.Spigarelli,M.Cabibbl,et al.Analysis of the effect of Si content on the creep response of an Mg-5Al-Am alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2005,410-411:62-66.
[95]B R Powell,V Rezhets,M P Balogh,et al.Microstructure and creep behavior in AE42magnesium die-casting alloy[J].JOM,2002,54:34-38.
[96]S M Zhu,M A Gibson,J F Nie,et al.Microstructural analysis of the creep resistant of die-cast Mg-4Al-2RE alloy[J].Scripta Materialia,2008,58:477-480.
[97]HUANG De-ming,CHEN Yun-gui,TANG Yong-bai,et al.Indentation creep behavior of AE42 and Ca-containing AE41 alloys[J].Materials Letters,2007,61,4-5:1015-1019.
[98]徐道芬,曾明,沈保罗,等.Ca对AE41合金压蠕变行为的影响[J].热加工工艺,2008,37(2):49-52.
[99]白晶,孙扬善,薛烽,等.高性能碱土耐热镁合金的显微组织和蠕变性能能[J].北京科技大学学报,2007,29(2):198-204
[100]H Dieringa,Y Huang,P Maier,et al.Tensile and compressive creep behaviour of Al_2O_3short fiber reinforced magnesium alloy AE42[J].Materials Science and Engineering A, 2005,410-411:85-88.
[101]A Arunzchaleswaran,I M Pereira,H Dieringa,et al.Creep behavior of AE42 based hybrid composites[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2007,460-461:268-276.
[102]长崎城三,平林真.二元合金状态图集[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.
[103]I A Anyanwu,Y Gokan,A Suzuki,et al.Effect of substituting cerium-rich mischmetal with lanthanum on high temperature properties of die-cast Mg-Zn-Al-Ca-RE alloys[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2004,380:93-99.
[104]张赟龙,刘六法,卫中山,等.压铸Mg-5Al-xSi合金的组织与性能研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006,35(11):1813-1816.
[105]P.Zhang.Creep behavior of the die-cast Mg-Al alloy AS21[J].Scripta Materialia,2005,4(52):277-282.
[106]S.Spigarelli,D.Ciccarelli,E.Evangelista.Compressive deformation of an Mg-Al-Si-RE alloy between 120 and 180℃[J].Materials Letters,2004,3-4(58):460-464.
[107]E.Evangelista,E.Gariboldi,O,S.Spigarelli.High temperature behavior of as die-cast and heat treated Mg-Al-Si AS21X magnesium alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2004,387-389:41-45.
[108]平修二.金属材料的高温强度理论设计[M].郭廷纬,译.北京:科学出版社,1983.
[109]J C Xie,Q A Li,X Q Wang,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ8 1magnesium alloy with Y and Nd elements[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2008,18:303-308.
[110]J Q Li,W P Dong,Z T Fan,et al.Efects of Ce and Sb on the microstructure and properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy prepared by the EPC process[J].RARE METALS,2008,27(1):41-45.
[111]王慧敏,陈振华,严红革,等.镁合金的热处理[J].金属热处理,2005,30(11):49-54.
[112]W M Tang,Z X Zheng,H J Tang,R Ren,Y C Wu.Structural evolution and grain growth kinetics of the Fe-28A1 elemental powder during mechanical alloying and annealing[J].Intermetallics,2007,15(8):1020-1026.
[113]Straub S,Blum W.Does the“natural”third power low of steady state creep hold for pure aluminum[J]? Sripta Metall.Mater.,1990,24(10):1837-1842.
[114]Langdon T C,Yavari P.An investigation of Harper-Dora Creep-Ⅱ[J].The flow process.Acta Metall.,1982,30(4):881-887.
[115]Weertman J.Steady state creep of crystals[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1957,28(10):1185-1189.
[2]罗爱华.镁在汽车工业上的应用[A].上海压铸镁国际研讨会论文集[C].中国上海,2001:64-76.
[3]Kainer K V.Magnesium Alloys and Their Applications.Munich:DGM,2000:14-22
[4]Kaplan H,Hryn J,Clov B.Magnesium Technology 2000[M].Nashville:TMS,2000:279-284
[5]Luo A A,Shinoda T.Magnesium Alloy Having Superior Elevated-Temperature and Diecastability[P].IMRA America Inc.US Patent:US5855697.1997
[6]Mordike B L.Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys[J].Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals,2001,51(1):2-13
[7]袁广银.轿车用耐热镁合金的应用基础研究.上海交通大学博士后研究工作报告.上海交通大学,2001
[8]崔昆.铸造合金及其熔炼[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1985.
[9]Kainer K U,Buch F von.The Current State of Technology and Potential for Further Development of Magnesium Applications.in Kainer K U(ed).Kaiser F(trans).Magnesium Alloys and Technology.Weiheim:WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co.KG Aa,2003.
[10]Cahn R W,Haasen P,Kramer E J ed.Materials Science and Technology—A Comprehensive Treatment.In Matucha K H(ed).Structure and Properties of Nonferrous Alloys(Vol 8).VCH Weinheim,1996.
[11]P.J.Meschter,J.E.O.Oneal.Rapid solidification processing of Magnesium-Lithium alloys.Metallurgical transactions[J].Physical metallurgy and materials science,15A(1):237-240
[12]K.Hayashi,A.Inoue,et al.Rapidly solidified powder metallurgy Mg_(97)Zn_1Y_2 alloy with excellent tensile yield strength above 600MPa[J].Mater Trans 2001,42:1172-1176
[13]N.Zeumer,A.G.Honsel.Magnesium alloys in new aeronautic equipment//B.L.Mordike,F.Hehmann.Magnesium alloys and their applications.Verlat:Informatonsgesellschaft,1992:125-132.
[14]F.H.Forces,D.Eliezer,E.Aghion.How to increase the use of Magnesium in aerospace applications//E.Aghion,D.Eliezer.Magnesium 2000-proceedings of the second Israel international conference on Magnesium.Science and Technology.Dead Sea:43-49
[15]D.Turbull.Formation of crystal nuclei in liquid metals[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1950,21(10):1022-1028.
[16]S.C.Erickson,J.F.King,T.Mellerud.Conserving SF6 in Magnesium melting operations[J].Foundry Management & Technology,1998,16(6):38-49
[17]M.Sakamoto,S.Akiyama.Suppression of ignition and burning of molten Mg alloys by Ca bearing stable oxide film[J].Journal of Materials Science Letters,1997,(12):1048-1050
[18]樊建锋,杨根仓,程素玲,等.含Ca阻燃镁合金的高温氧化行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2004,(14):1666-1670
[19]G.Foerster.HiLoN:A new approach to Magnesium die casting[J].Advanced Materials&Processes,1998,154(4):79-81.
[20]W.Spiegelberg,S.Ali,S.Dunstone.The effects of beryllium additions on Magnesium and Magnesium containing alloys//B.L.Mordvle,F.Hehman.Magnesium alloys and their applications.Dgm Informations Gesellschaft Verlag,1992:251-256.
[21]陈振华,严红革,陈吉华,等.镁合金[M].北京:化学工业出版社2004,29,43-44.
[22]Kinji Hirai,Hidetoshi Somekawa,Yorinobu Takigawa,et al.Effects of Ca and Sr addition on mechanical properties of a cast AZ91 magnesium alloy at room and Elevated temperature[J].Mat Sci Eng A,2005,(403):276-280.
[23]张忠林,刘兆晶,李凤珍.镁合金燃点和耐蚀性及力学性能的研究[J].轻合金加工技术2003,31(7):31-34.
[24]樊昱,吴国华,高洪涛,等.Ca对镁合金组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2005,15(2):210-215.
[25]Powell B R,Rezhets V,Luo A A,et al.Creep-resistant Magnesium Alloy Die Casting[P].United States Patent 6264763.2001,07,24.
[26]Kainer K U,Buch F von.The current State of Technology and Potential for Further Development of Magnesium Applications.In Kainer K U(ed).Kaiser F(trans).Magnesium Alloys and Technology.Weinheim:WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH,2003.
[27]K H马哈图.非铁合金的结构与性能[M].北京:科学出版社,1999,120.
[28]ZENG Rongchang,KE Wei,et al.Recent development and applications of magnesium alloys[J].Acta metallurgica sinic Vol.37 No.7 July 2001 P673-685.
[29]胡赓祥,蔡珣,戎永华.材料科学基础[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2006.
[30]张永忠,崔代金,张奎,等.压铸镁合金及其在汽车工业中的应用[J].特种铸造及有色合金,1999,(3):54-56.
[31]Bronfin B,Katsir M,Aghion E.Preparation feathers of AS21 magnesium alloy[J]Material Science & Engineering,2001,A3O2:46-50.
[32]Humble P.Towards a cheap creep resistant magnesium alloy[J].Materials Forum,1997,21:45-56.
[33]王渠东,曾小勤,吕宜振,等.高温铸造镁合金的研究与应用[J].材料导报,2000,14(3):21-23.
[34]丁文江.镁合金科学与技术[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2007.
[35]I.P.Moreno,T.K.Nandya,J.W.Jones,et al.Micro-structural stability and creep of rare-earth containing magnesium alloys[J].Scripta Materilaia 48 2003,1029-1034.
[36]Zhang Xinming,Peng Zhuokai,et al.Heat-resistant magnesium alloys and their development[J].The Chinese journal of nonferrous metals,2004,14(9):1443-1450.
[37]Luo A A.Recent magnesium alloy development for automotive power train application[J].Mater Sci Forum,2003.419-422:57-66.
[38]Yuan Guangyin,Liu Manping,Ding Wenjiang.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Si-based alloys[J].Materials Science and Engineering.2003.(3):314-320.
[39]Jae Joong Kim,Do Hyangg Kim,Shin K S,et al.Modification of Mg-Si morphology in squeeze cast Mg-Al-Zn-Si alloys by Ca or P addition[J].Script a Materilaia,1999,41(3):333-334.
[40]黄晓锋,王渠东,卢晨,等.Si对AM50力学性能和高温蠕变性能的影响[J].材料研究学报,2004,6(18):630-634.
[41]Wei L Y,Dunlop G L,Westengen H.Development of microstructure in cast Mg-AI-rare earth alloys[J].Materials Science and Technology.1996.12(9):741750.
[42]Whitten Berger E J,Rhine F N.Origin of porosity in castings of magnesium-aluminum and other alloys[J].Trans,TMS-AIMS(Journal of Metals),1952,194:409-420.
[43]汤彬,李培杰,曾大本.钙、锶对AZ91D合金组织及性能的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2004,(5):5-7.
[44]张俊善.材料的高温变形与断裂[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[45]Pekguleryuz M.Labelle P,Argo D,et al.Magnesium die casting alloy AJ62x with superior creep resistance,ductility and die actability[c]//John Hryn.Magnesium technology.San Diego,CA.United States:Minerals,Metals andMaterialsSociety,2003:201-206.
[46]Luo A,Pekguleryuz M O.Review cast magnesium alloys for elevated temperature applications[J].Journal of Materials Science,1994,29:5259-5271.
[47]刘正,张奎,曾小勤.镁基轻质合金理论基础及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[48]袁广银,孙扬善,张为民.Bi对铸造镁合金组织和力学性能的影响[J].铸造,1998,(5):5-7.
[49]YUAN Guang-yin,LIU Man-ping,ZHU Yan-ping,et al.Effects of Te on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 cast magnesium alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2002,12(3):76-79.
[50]Yuan G Y,Liu ZL,Wang Q D,et al.Microstructure refinement of Mg-Al-Zn-Si alloys[J].Materials Letters,2002,56:53-58.
[51]袁广银,孙扬善,王震,等.Sb低合金化对Mg-9Al基合金显微组织和力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,1999,9(4):779.
[52]王渠东,吕宜振,曾小勤,等.稀土在铸造镁合金中的应用[J].特种铸造及有色合金,1999,(1):40-44.
[53]袁广银,曾小勤,吕宜振,等.锑合金化对镁铝基合金力学性能的改善作用[J].材料工程,2001,(4):10-15.
[54]袁广银,吕宜振,曾小勤,等.添加微量Sb对Mg-9AI-0.8Zn合金蠕变抗力及微观组织的影响[J].金属学报.2001,37(1):23.
[55]Wnag Qudong,Chen Wenzhou,Zen Xiaoqin,et al.Effect to Ca Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ91Magnesium Alloys[J].Journal of Materials Science,2001,36:3035-3040.
[56]石德珂,朱维斗.材料物理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[57]张诗昌,段汉桥,蔡启舟,等.主要合金元素对镁合金组织性能的影响[J].铸造,2001,50(6):310-314.
[58]Cahn R W,DING Dao-yun.Structure and Properties of Nonferrous Alloys[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999.129-176.
[59]ZHANG Zhan,Couture A,Luo A.An investigation of the properties of Mg-Zn-Al alloys[J].ScriptaMater,1998,39(1):45-53.
[60]Cahn R W.DING Dao-yun.Structure and Properties of Nonferrous Alloys[M].Beijing:Science Press.1999.129.
[61]Kojima Y.Platform science and technology for advanced magnesium alloy[J].Mater Sci Forum,2000,350-351:3-12.
[62]von Buch F,Lietzau J,Mordike B L,et al.Development of Mg-Se-Mn alloys[J].Mater Sci Eng A,1999,263:1-7.
[63]Gr(o|¨)bner J,Kovorkov D,Schmid-Fetzer R.Magnesium Alloys Development Guided by Thermodynamic Calculations.In:Hryn J(ed).Magnesium Technology.TMS.Warrendale:2001.105-112.
[64]白聿钦,赵丕峰,赵文波.Ag对Mg-Al-Zn系合金显微组织和力学性能的影响[J].铸造,2003,52(2):98-100.
[65]Pomear I J.Recent Development in Light Alloys[J].Transactions JIM,1996,37(1):21-31.
[66]Argo D,Pckguleryuz M O,Labelle P,et al.Die actability and properties of Mg-Al-Sr based alloys[C]//John Hryn.Magnesium technology 2001.New Orleans.Louisiana.S.A:Metals and Materials Society,2001,131-136.
[67]Drits M E,Sviderkays Z A,Rolhlin L L,et al.Effect of alloying on properties of Mg-Gd alloys[J].Metallovedenie Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov,1979(11):62-64.
[68]Mordike B L.Creep-resistant magnesium alloys[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2002,224:103-112.
[69]钟俊辉.稀土合金材料的进展[J].材料导报,1995(1):22-27.
[70]Nair K S,Mittal M C.Rare Earths in Magnesium Alloys Mater[J].Sci Forum.1988,30:89-104.
[71]Mordike B L.Creep-resistant magnesium alloys[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2002,224:103-112.
[72]Roberts C S.Magnesium and Its Alloys[M].Palo Alto California:Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation,1960,140.
[73]长崎诚三,平林真著,刘安生译.二元合金状态图集[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.
[74]哈宽富.金属力学性质的微观理论[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[75]И.A.奥金格等著,曹用涛,欧阳可强,译.金属的蠕变与持久强度理论[M].北京:中国业出版社.1966.
[76]M.E.Kassner,M.T.Perez-Prado.Fundamentals of creep in metals and alloys[M].ELSEVIER,2004:5
[77]Sherby O D,Burke P M.Mechanical behavior of crystalline solids at elevated temperature [J].Prog.in Mater.Sci.,1967,13(7):325-390.
[78]Kassner M E,Perez-Prrdo MT.Five-power-law creep in single phase metals and alloys.Prog[J].Mater.Sci.2000,45(1):1-102.
[79]David M O,Terence G L.Low Stress Creep Behavior:An Examination of Nabarro-Herring and Harper-Dom Creep[J].Materials Science and Engineering,A216,1996:20-29.
[80]Ruano O A,Sherby O D,Wadsworth J,et al.Rebuttal to In defense of diffusional creep[J].Material Science and Engineering A,1996,211(1-2):66-71.
[81]丁绍松,孙扬善,白晶,等.Ca对AE41合金的显微组织及力学性能的影响[J].江苏冶金,2003,31(1):11-15.
[82]Argo D,Pekguleryuz M O,Labelle P,et al.Process parameters an d die casting of Norand's AJ52 high temperature Mg-Al-Sr alloy[C]//Howard I.K.Magnesium technology 2002.Seattle,Washington,U.S.A:Metals an d Materials Society,2002:87-93
[83]潘复生,韩恩厚.高性能变形镁合金及加工技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[84]陈振华.耐热镁合金[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.
[85]黄德明.Mg-4Al-RE-Ca-Si耐热镁合金的组织与性能[D].成都:四川大学,2006.
[86]Dargusch M S,Bowles A L,Pettersen K,et al.The effect of silicon content on the microstructure and creep behavior in die-cast magnesium AS alloy[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transaction A,2004,35(6):1905-1909.
[87]Serkan Toros,Fahrettin Ozturk,Ilyas Kacar.Review of warm forming of alumimum-magnesium alloys[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2008,207, 1-3:1-12.
[88]R B Figueiredo,T G Langdon.The development of superplastic ductilities and microstructrual homogeneity in a magnesium ZK60 alloy processed by ECAP[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2006,430,1-2:151-156.
[89]T.Sato,M.V.Kral.Creep properties of an Mg-Al-Ca alloy produced by different casting technologies[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2008,498:369-376.
[90]S M Zhu,B L Mordike,J F Nie.Microstructural evolution of Mg-Al-Ca-Sr alloy during creep[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2008,483-484:583-586.
[91]曾明,徐道芬,沈保罗.Mg-Al-RE-Ca合金的压缩蠕变行为研究[J].热加工工艺,2008,37(18):17-20.
[92]白晶,孙扬善,薛烽,等.Ca,Sr加入对Mg-Al基合金显微组织和蠕变性能的影响[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,27(4):639-644.
[93]D.H.Kang,S.S.Park,N.J.Kim.Development of creep resistant die cast Mg-Sn-Al-Si alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2005,413-414:555-560.
[94]E.Evangelista,S.Spigarelli,M.Cabibbl,et al.Analysis of the effect of Si content on the creep response of an Mg-5Al-Am alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2005,410-411:62-66.
[95]B R Powell,V Rezhets,M P Balogh,et al.Microstructure and creep behavior in AE42magnesium die-casting alloy[J].JOM,2002,54:34-38.
[96]S M Zhu,M A Gibson,J F Nie,et al.Microstructural analysis of the creep resistant of die-cast Mg-4Al-2RE alloy[J].Scripta Materialia,2008,58:477-480.
[97]HUANG De-ming,CHEN Yun-gui,TANG Yong-bai,et al.Indentation creep behavior of AE42 and Ca-containing AE41 alloys[J].Materials Letters,2007,61,4-5:1015-1019.
[98]徐道芬,曾明,沈保罗,等.Ca对AE41合金压蠕变行为的影响[J].热加工工艺,2008,37(2):49-52.
[99]白晶,孙扬善,薛烽,等.高性能碱土耐热镁合金的显微组织和蠕变性能能[J].北京科技大学学报,2007,29(2):198-204
[100]H Dieringa,Y Huang,P Maier,et al.Tensile and compressive creep behaviour of Al_2O_3short fiber reinforced magnesium alloy AE42[J].Materials Science and Engineering A, 2005,410-411:85-88.
[101]A Arunzchaleswaran,I M Pereira,H Dieringa,et al.Creep behavior of AE42 based hybrid composites[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2007,460-461:268-276.
[102]长崎城三,平林真.二元合金状态图集[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.
[103]I A Anyanwu,Y Gokan,A Suzuki,et al.Effect of substituting cerium-rich mischmetal with lanthanum on high temperature properties of die-cast Mg-Zn-Al-Ca-RE alloys[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2004,380:93-99.
[104]张赟龙,刘六法,卫中山,等.压铸Mg-5Al-xSi合金的组织与性能研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006,35(11):1813-1816.
[105]P.Zhang.Creep behavior of the die-cast Mg-Al alloy AS21[J].Scripta Materialia,2005,4(52):277-282.
[106]S.Spigarelli,D.Ciccarelli,E.Evangelista.Compressive deformation of an Mg-Al-Si-RE alloy between 120 and 180℃[J].Materials Letters,2004,3-4(58):460-464.
[107]E.Evangelista,E.Gariboldi,O,S.Spigarelli.High temperature behavior of as die-cast and heat treated Mg-Al-Si AS21X magnesium alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2004,387-389:41-45.
[108]平修二.金属材料的高温强度理论设计[M].郭廷纬,译.北京:科学出版社,1983.
[109]J C Xie,Q A Li,X Q Wang,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ8 1magnesium alloy with Y and Nd elements[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2008,18:303-308.
[110]J Q Li,W P Dong,Z T Fan,et al.Efects of Ce and Sb on the microstructure and properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy prepared by the EPC process[J].RARE METALS,2008,27(1):41-45.
[111]王慧敏,陈振华,严红革,等.镁合金的热处理[J].金属热处理,2005,30(11):49-54.
[112]W M Tang,Z X Zheng,H J Tang,R Ren,Y C Wu.Structural evolution and grain growth kinetics of the Fe-28A1 elemental powder during mechanical alloying and annealing[J].Intermetallics,2007,15(8):1020-1026.
[113]Straub S,Blum W.Does the“natural”third power low of steady state creep hold for pure aluminum[J]? Sripta Metall.Mater.,1990,24(10):1837-1842.
[114]Langdon T C,Yavari P.An investigation of Harper-Dora Creep-Ⅱ[J].The flow process.Acta Metall.,1982,30(4):881-887.
[115]Weertman J.Steady state creep of crystals[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1957,28(10):1185-1189.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |