基于水环境污染治理的天津市绿色GDP核算体系研究
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摘要
一直以来,国民经济核算体系中的主要指标——GDP被作为一个国家经济增长、福利增加、居民生活水平提高的主要标志而日益受到重视。然而,在被GDP这一”指挥棒”指挥着的经济增长过程中,一个无法忽视的问题越来越清晰的摆在人们面前,那就是经济发展背后所付出的巨大代价——资源损耗、环境污染和生态破坏。因此,要有效地保护自然资源,减少环境污染和生态破坏,实现可持续发展,对现行的国民经济核算体系进行改革,将资源损耗与环境污染的成本纳入国民经济核算体系中,提出绿色GDP核算概念具有重要的现实意义。
本文以绿色GDP核算体系为主线,系统研究了以下几方面的内容:
首先,本文对传统GDP核算体系与绿色GDP核算体系进行了比较分析,指出传统GDP核算存在的弊端与缺陷;对绿色GDP核算的理论与模型方法进行了系统全面的阐释。由于绿色GDP核算范围比较广泛,结合本论文所研究的地区——天津市,其典型的缺水的特点,选择以水环境作为核算的出发点,提出基于水环境污染治理的绿色GDP核算概念。
其次,对经水环境污染治理调整的绿色GDP核算进行了理论研究与实证分析。本文在深入了解绿色GDP核算内容和特点的基础上,借鉴环境经济综合核算体系(SEEA)关于环境污染核算的理论,对天津市的水资源与水环境污染治理经济损失作出评估与分析,构建基于水环境污染治理的天津市绿色GDP核算体系。继而,根据2004年的统计数据采用污染治理成本法对天津市的水环境污染进行了实物量核算、价值量核算以及经水环境污染治理调整的绿色GDP核算。
再次,在天津市经水环境污染治理调整的绿色GDP核算研究的基础上,根据城市污水量大、稳定的特点,对城市污水治理进行了重点研究与分析,通过建立最优化模型,计算城市污水分级治理的最小化成本与最大化收益,进而对天津市城市污水分级治理回用提出合理化建议。
最后,对本文的研究结果进行了分析总结。指出本文对水环境污染治理的绿色GDP核算体系研究存在的缺陷与不足,并对今后绿色GDP核算体系的逐步发展与完善提出了一些建议。
Since always, being the main index of national economy accounting system, GDP has been received increasing attention as the main indicate of national economic growth, welfare increase, and the raise of resident living standard. However, in the economic growth process being directed by the“baton”GDP, one problem which is unable to neglect is more and more clear for people, that is the huge price paid by economic development—depletion of resources, environmental pollution, and ecological destruction. Therefore, in order to protect the natural resource effectively, reduce the environmental pollutionand the ecological destruction, and realize the sustainable development, it has important practical significance to carry on the reform to the present national economy accounting system, bring the cost of resources depletion and environmental pollution into the national economy accounting system, and put forward the green GDP accounting concept.
The green GDP accounting system is considered as the master line and several aspects of the following content are investigated systemically in this paper.
First, comparative analysis between the present traditional accounting system and green GDP accounting system is carried on. Thus, the drawbacks and defects of traditional accounting system are pointed out and the theory and model of green GDP accounting system are explained comprehensively. Because of green GDP’s widespread accounting scope and typical water-lack characteristic of studied area Tianjin, water environment is chosed as starting point and green GDP accounting concept based on water environment is raised.
Second, the theoretical research and empirical analysis on green GDP accounting of water environment pollution treatment are carried on. Based on the thorough understanding about the content and characters of green GDP accounting, referring to the theoretical foundation from SEEA about the environmental pollution accounting system, the economic loss of water resources and water environment pollution treatment of Tianjin are evaluated and analyzed. Thus, the green GDP accounting system of Tianjin based on water environment pollution treatment is constructed. Then, according to 2004 statistical data and the method of pollution treatment cost, physical accounting, value accounting as well as the green GDP adjusted on the water environment pollution of Tianjin are conducted.
Third, on the basis of the research on adjusted green GDP accounting system with water environment pollution of Tianjin, according to the large volume and stability of urban sewage, waste water treatment is further studied and analyzed. Optimal model to account the minimum cost and maximum benefits of classificatory treatment of urban sewage is established, and then rational proposal on the classificatory treatment and recycle of urban sewage is raised.
Finally, the results of the study are analyzed and summarized. The deficiency of the study about the green GDP accounting system based on water environment pollution treatment is pointed out and some proposals to the gradual development and improvement of the green GDP accounting system in the future are put forward.
本文以绿色GDP核算体系为主线,系统研究了以下几方面的内容:
首先,本文对传统GDP核算体系与绿色GDP核算体系进行了比较分析,指出传统GDP核算存在的弊端与缺陷;对绿色GDP核算的理论与模型方法进行了系统全面的阐释。由于绿色GDP核算范围比较广泛,结合本论文所研究的地区——天津市,其典型的缺水的特点,选择以水环境作为核算的出发点,提出基于水环境污染治理的绿色GDP核算概念。
其次,对经水环境污染治理调整的绿色GDP核算进行了理论研究与实证分析。本文在深入了解绿色GDP核算内容和特点的基础上,借鉴环境经济综合核算体系(SEEA)关于环境污染核算的理论,对天津市的水资源与水环境污染治理经济损失作出评估与分析,构建基于水环境污染治理的天津市绿色GDP核算体系。继而,根据2004年的统计数据采用污染治理成本法对天津市的水环境污染进行了实物量核算、价值量核算以及经水环境污染治理调整的绿色GDP核算。
再次,在天津市经水环境污染治理调整的绿色GDP核算研究的基础上,根据城市污水量大、稳定的特点,对城市污水治理进行了重点研究与分析,通过建立最优化模型,计算城市污水分级治理的最小化成本与最大化收益,进而对天津市城市污水分级治理回用提出合理化建议。
最后,对本文的研究结果进行了分析总结。指出本文对水环境污染治理的绿色GDP核算体系研究存在的缺陷与不足,并对今后绿色GDP核算体系的逐步发展与完善提出了一些建议。
Since always, being the main index of national economy accounting system, GDP has been received increasing attention as the main indicate of national economic growth, welfare increase, and the raise of resident living standard. However, in the economic growth process being directed by the“baton”GDP, one problem which is unable to neglect is more and more clear for people, that is the huge price paid by economic development—depletion of resources, environmental pollution, and ecological destruction. Therefore, in order to protect the natural resource effectively, reduce the environmental pollutionand the ecological destruction, and realize the sustainable development, it has important practical significance to carry on the reform to the present national economy accounting system, bring the cost of resources depletion and environmental pollution into the national economy accounting system, and put forward the green GDP accounting concept.
The green GDP accounting system is considered as the master line and several aspects of the following content are investigated systemically in this paper.
First, comparative analysis between the present traditional accounting system and green GDP accounting system is carried on. Thus, the drawbacks and defects of traditional accounting system are pointed out and the theory and model of green GDP accounting system are explained comprehensively. Because of green GDP’s widespread accounting scope and typical water-lack characteristic of studied area Tianjin, water environment is chosed as starting point and green GDP accounting concept based on water environment is raised.
Second, the theoretical research and empirical analysis on green GDP accounting of water environment pollution treatment are carried on. Based on the thorough understanding about the content and characters of green GDP accounting, referring to the theoretical foundation from SEEA about the environmental pollution accounting system, the economic loss of water resources and water environment pollution treatment of Tianjin are evaluated and analyzed. Thus, the green GDP accounting system of Tianjin based on water environment pollution treatment is constructed. Then, according to 2004 statistical data and the method of pollution treatment cost, physical accounting, value accounting as well as the green GDP adjusted on the water environment pollution of Tianjin are conducted.
Third, on the basis of the research on adjusted green GDP accounting system with water environment pollution of Tianjin, according to the large volume and stability of urban sewage, waste water treatment is further studied and analyzed. Optimal model to account the minimum cost and maximum benefits of classificatory treatment of urban sewage is established, and then rational proposal on the classificatory treatment and recycle of urban sewage is raised.
Finally, the results of the study are analyzed and summarized. The deficiency of the study about the green GDP accounting system based on water environment pollution treatment is pointed out and some proposals to the gradual development and improvement of the green GDP accounting system in the future are put forward.
引文
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[22]高敏雪. 绿色 GDP 的认识误区及其辨析. 统计研究. 2004.8:15～18
[23]雷明.中国环境经济综合核算. 理论与方法. 2002.2:54～57
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[27]李伟,劳川奇. 台湾地区绿色 GDP 帐户编制经验及对大陆的启示[J]. 开发研究. 2004.3:86～88
[28]李健,陈立洁. 论绿色 GDP 核算体系及其面临的问题. 北方环境. 2005.2 30(1):32～35
[29]陈晓燕.基于水环境的杭州市绿色 GDP 核算——杭州市水环境污染损失核算体系研究.浙江:浙江大学.2～15
[30]国家绿色 GDP 核算技术组.《中国环境经济核算技术指南》. 2005.4:67～80,245～249
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[34]2004 年天津市统计年鉴
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[2]宋达扬.江苏省绿色 GDP 核算应用研究.河海大学商学院.2006.3 17～18
[3] Kirk Hamilton, Green adjustments to GDP, Environment Department, The World Bank, Washington DC 20433,USA, Resources Policy 1994 20(3):155～168
[4] Morris Altman, METHODS, When isn’t Mean: Economic Theory and The Heuristics of The Impact of Environmental Regulations on Competitiveness and Opportunity Cost, Ecological Economics http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ecoleconIntegrated 36(2001):31～44
[5]张焕明,邱长溶.中国绿色 GDP 核算体系的框架分析[J].财贸研究.2004.3:37～40
[6]史世伟,梁姗姗.德国的绿色 GDP 核算.宏观经济研究.2004.7 36～38
[7]孔祥明.绿色 GDP 核算附属账户的研究.河海大学. 2005.6 2～3
[8]张勇.绿色 GDP 核算在墨西哥.宏观经济研究.2004.7 55～58
[9]邓春姊.关于绿色 GDP 核算体系及计量方法的研究.燕山大学.2005.12 4～8
[10]徐衡,李继红. 绿色 GDP 统计中几个问题的再探讨. 现代财经. 2002.10 45～48
[11]雷明.《绿色投入产出核算的理论与应用》. 北京:北京大学出版社. 2000.63～68
[12]雷明.中国环境经济综合核算体系框架设计.系统工程理论与实践.2000.10:74～77
[13]曾华星,李慧霞.浅述环境经济核算[J].江西:江西化工.2005.1:58～60
[14]Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting 2003, United Nations, European Commission, International Monetary Fund,Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank, 2003:25～68
[15]王金南,高敏雪.建立中国绿色国民经济核算体系.北京:中国环境科学出版社.2004.:67～80
[16]吴忠培.对建立综合环境经济核算体系的思考.贵州财经学院学报.1997.6:60～61
[17]胡杰荣,王向东.绿色GDP的分析与研究.http://www.chinavalue.net/article/13227.html
[18]钟超.对绿色 GDP 简化计算的分析.湖北荆州:长江大学学报(社会科学版).2006.6:79～81
[19]朱龙杰.现行 GDP 与绿色 GDP 的比较研究[J].江苏:江苏统计.2001.9:11～12
[20]杨缅昆. 国民福利核算的理论构造——绿色 GDP 核算理论的再探讨[J]. 江苏:统计研究. 2003.1:35～38
[21]廖明球. 国民经济核算中绿色 GDP 测算探讨[J]. 江苏:统计研究. 2000.6:16～21
[22]高敏雪. 绿色 GDP 的认识误区及其辨析. 统计研究. 2004.8:15～18
[23]雷明.中国环境经济综合核算. 理论与方法. 2002.2:54～57
[24]雷明.可持续发展评价——绿色国内生产总值(GGDP)核算[J]. 经济研究参考. 2001.29:14～24
[25]秦瑶,陆昕. 重庆市基于工业污染前绿色 GDP 核算探讨与实践[J]. 环境经济. 2004.8:41～46
[26]赵妍,孙世军,冯江,等. 吉林省绿色 GDP 核算体系的构建及其应用[J]. 东北师大学报自然科学版. 36(4):25～28
[27]李伟,劳川奇. 台湾地区绿色 GDP 帐户编制经验及对大陆的启示[J]. 开发研究. 2004.3:86～88
[28]李健,陈立洁. 论绿色 GDP 核算体系及其面临的问题. 北方环境. 2005.2 30(1):32～35
[29]陈晓燕.基于水环境的杭州市绿色 GDP 核算——杭州市水环境污染损失核算体系研究.浙江:浙江大学.2～15
[30]国家绿色 GDP 核算技术组.《中国环境经济核算技术指南》. 2005.4:67～80,245～249
[31]郭秀云.对我国国民经济核算体系及其指标的思考. 济南:生态经济. 2000.5 40～42
[32]曹俊文. 环境与经济综合核算方法研究. 北京:经济管理出版社. 2004.12 117～119
[33]于航,陶磊,崔健.水污染经济损失核算方法初探.中国科技论文在线.http://www.paper.edu.cn
[34]2004 年天津市统计年鉴
[35]雏栋,郭高丽,曾小波,等.绿色 GDP 核算——以海南省 2004 年度为例[J].新疆环境保护.2006.28(1):39～44
[36]2004 年天津市环境统计年报
[37]李丹.沈阳市城市污水资源化研究.沈阳农业大学. 22～33
[38] 程 国 斌 , 白 青 . 我 国 再 生 水 利 用 现 状 与 发 展 趋 势 . 中 国 工 业 水 处 理 网 . http://www.chinaiwt.com/info/content.asp?infoId=769
[39]天津市再生水资源利用与发展情况.中国环保技术网.http://www.EP65.com
[40]雷乐成,杨岳平,汪达翚,等.污水回用新技术及工程设计.北京:化学工业出版社.2002.8 30～33,446～448,452～453
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