稻谷在高温环境下安全储藏水分研究
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摘要
本论文以黑龙江省木兰县提供当年收获的普优8为供试样品,试样水分含量分别为14.0%、14.5%、15.0%、15.5%、16.5%,在25℃和30℃条件下,采用人工气候箱进行模拟储藏。经过6个月的储藏,分别对稻谷的水分含量、脂肪酸值、发芽率、出糙率、整精米率、蒸煮品质等稻谷储藏品质和带菌量、菌相等微生物指标进行研究,主要结果如下:
研究结果表明,稻谷在储藏过程中,随着储藏时间的延长,其水分含量逐渐降低,30℃条件下降低尤其明显;水分含量越高的样品,其脂肪酸值升高越快;30℃条件下比25℃条件下,其脂肪酸值升高明显。水分含量和脂肪酸值呈现正相关,在0.05水平下相关系数为0.239;其出糙率有一定降低,但是降低幅度不明显。水分含量和出糙率呈现负相关,在0.05水平下相关系数为-0.216;水分含量越高的样品,其整精米率降低越快;30℃条件下比25℃条件下,其整精米率降低明显。水分含量和整精米率呈现负相关,在0.01水平下相关系数为-0.440;水分含量越高的样品,其品尝评分值降低越快;30℃条件下比25℃条件下,其品尝评分值降低明显。水分含量和品尝评分值有一定的相关性,在0.05水平下相关系数为-0.197;水分含量越高的样品,其回归评分值降低越快;30℃条件下比25℃条件下,其回归评分值降低明显。
稻谷在储藏过程中,随着储藏时间的延长,水分含量越高的样品,其带菌量升高越快;30℃条件下比25℃条件下,其带菌量升高明显。水分含量和带菌量呈现明显的正相关,在0.01水平下相关系数为0.41;稻谷上真菌的种类发生了较大变化。总体趋势为:随着储藏时间的延长,以细交链格孢霉为主的田间真菌逐渐减少,而以灰绿曲霉和杂色曲霉为主的储藏真菌迅速增加;稻谷带菌量和脂肪酸呈明显的正相关,在0.01水平下相关系数为0.39;稻谷带菌量和发芽率呈明显的负相关,在0.01水平下相关系数为-0.342;本试验的稻谷样品安全水分为14%-15%之间。
In this paper, the paddy of Puyou 8 which Heilongjiang province mulan xian provide was for the test sample, at 25℃and 30℃conditions, the use of artificial climate simulation box storage. After 6 months of storage, respectively, the moisture content of rice, fatty acid value, germination rate, the roughness, the whole rate of milled rice, rice and other cooking quality carrier storage quality and quantity of the same bacteria to study microbial indicators, the main results are as follows:
The results show that the process of paddy in storage, with storage time, its moisture content gradually reduce, 30℃lower particularly evident under the conditions; the higher the moisture content of the sample, the faster the higher the value of its fatty acid; 30℃under the conditions of than under the conditions of 25℃, the fatty acid significantly increased value. Moisture content and fatty acid value showed a positive correlation, the correlation coefficient of 0.05 for the level was 0.239; its certain to reduce the roughness, but the decrease was not obvious. Moisture content and roughness showed a negative correlation, the correlation coefficient of 0.05 for the level was -0.216; the higher the moisture content of the samples, the entire lower the faster the rate of milled rice; 30℃condition than under the conditions of 25℃, and its lower rice obvious. Moisture content of rice rate and a significant negative correlation, the correlation coefficient of 0.01 for the level was -0.440; the higher the moisture content of the sample, the lower the value the faster you score; 30℃condition than under the conditions of 25℃, the taste score values decrease significantly. Moisture content and taste score the value of a certain degree of relevance, in the 0.05 level for the correlation coefficient -0.197; the higher the moisture content of the sample, the lower the value the faster the return score; 30℃condition than under the conditions of 25℃, and its return score values decrease significantly.
The process of rice in storage, with storage time, the higher the moisture content of the sample, the faster increase in the volume of its carrier; 30℃condition than under the conditions of 25℃, the carrier volume increased significantly. Moisture content and the carrier volume is significantly related to levels of 0.01 to 0.41 correlation coefficient; rice on the types of fungi major changes. The general trend is: With the extension of storage time in order to fine Alternaria crassa fungi mainly decreasing field, while Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus versicolor Chenopodium-based rapid increase in storage fungi; rice carrier and fatty acids were significantly positive correlation, the correlation coefficient of 0.01 for the level of 0.39; rice carrier and germination rate was significantly negative correlation in the correlation coefficient of 0.01 for the level of -0.342; the test samples of rice water safety 14% -15% for between .
研究结果表明,稻谷在储藏过程中,随着储藏时间的延长,其水分含量逐渐降低,30℃条件下降低尤其明显;水分含量越高的样品,其脂肪酸值升高越快;30℃条件下比25℃条件下,其脂肪酸值升高明显。水分含量和脂肪酸值呈现正相关,在0.05水平下相关系数为0.239;其出糙率有一定降低,但是降低幅度不明显。水分含量和出糙率呈现负相关,在0.05水平下相关系数为-0.216;水分含量越高的样品,其整精米率降低越快;30℃条件下比25℃条件下,其整精米率降低明显。水分含量和整精米率呈现负相关,在0.01水平下相关系数为-0.440;水分含量越高的样品,其品尝评分值降低越快;30℃条件下比25℃条件下,其品尝评分值降低明显。水分含量和品尝评分值有一定的相关性,在0.05水平下相关系数为-0.197;水分含量越高的样品,其回归评分值降低越快;30℃条件下比25℃条件下,其回归评分值降低明显。
稻谷在储藏过程中,随着储藏时间的延长,水分含量越高的样品,其带菌量升高越快;30℃条件下比25℃条件下,其带菌量升高明显。水分含量和带菌量呈现明显的正相关,在0.01水平下相关系数为0.41;稻谷上真菌的种类发生了较大变化。总体趋势为:随着储藏时间的延长,以细交链格孢霉为主的田间真菌逐渐减少,而以灰绿曲霉和杂色曲霉为主的储藏真菌迅速增加;稻谷带菌量和脂肪酸呈明显的正相关,在0.01水平下相关系数为0.39;稻谷带菌量和发芽率呈明显的负相关,在0.01水平下相关系数为-0.342;本试验的稻谷样品安全水分为14%-15%之间。
In this paper, the paddy of Puyou 8 which Heilongjiang province mulan xian provide was for the test sample, at 25℃and 30℃conditions, the use of artificial climate simulation box storage. After 6 months of storage, respectively, the moisture content of rice, fatty acid value, germination rate, the roughness, the whole rate of milled rice, rice and other cooking quality carrier storage quality and quantity of the same bacteria to study microbial indicators, the main results are as follows:
The results show that the process of paddy in storage, with storage time, its moisture content gradually reduce, 30℃lower particularly evident under the conditions; the higher the moisture content of the sample, the faster the higher the value of its fatty acid; 30℃under the conditions of than under the conditions of 25℃, the fatty acid significantly increased value. Moisture content and fatty acid value showed a positive correlation, the correlation coefficient of 0.05 for the level was 0.239; its certain to reduce the roughness, but the decrease was not obvious. Moisture content and roughness showed a negative correlation, the correlation coefficient of 0.05 for the level was -0.216; the higher the moisture content of the samples, the entire lower the faster the rate of milled rice; 30℃condition than under the conditions of 25℃, and its lower rice obvious. Moisture content of rice rate and a significant negative correlation, the correlation coefficient of 0.01 for the level was -0.440; the higher the moisture content of the sample, the lower the value the faster you score; 30℃condition than under the conditions of 25℃, the taste score values decrease significantly. Moisture content and taste score the value of a certain degree of relevance, in the 0.05 level for the correlation coefficient -0.197; the higher the moisture content of the sample, the lower the value the faster the return score; 30℃condition than under the conditions of 25℃, and its return score values decrease significantly.
The process of rice in storage, with storage time, the higher the moisture content of the sample, the faster increase in the volume of its carrier; 30℃condition than under the conditions of 25℃, the carrier volume increased significantly. Moisture content and the carrier volume is significantly related to levels of 0.01 to 0.41 correlation coefficient; rice on the types of fungi major changes. The general trend is: With the extension of storage time in order to fine Alternaria crassa fungi mainly decreasing field, while Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus versicolor Chenopodium-based rapid increase in storage fungi; rice carrier and fatty acids were significantly positive correlation, the correlation coefficient of 0.01 for the level of 0.39; rice carrier and germination rate was significantly negative correlation in the correlation coefficient of 0.01 for the level of -0.342; the test samples of rice water safety 14% -15% for between .
引文
[1]国家粮油信息中心
[2]道通期货
[3]Gb 1350-1999稻谷:国家技术监督局
[4]Gb/t 20569-2006稻谷储存品质判定规则:中国标准出版社出版发行
[5]刘光亚.影响稻谷品质指标测定值的因素[J].粮食储藏,2005,34(4):38-39
[6]马涛,毛闯,赵坤.大米水分与食味品质和储藏关系的研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2007 ,(5):3-4
[7]路茜玉.粮油储藏学[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,1999
[8]崔国华,曹毅.粮食低温储藏的应用实践和发展建议[J].粮食储藏,2004,(2):20-24
[9]中央储备粮宁乡直属库仓储科.调整稻谷安全储藏水分[J].粮食科技与经济,2004,(4):28-29
[10]闵艳芳,王长义,陈键锋.高大平房仓“半安全晚粳稻谷”低温通风降水度夏技术探索[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2004,(6):20-22
[11]谭大文,万军,陈平等.谷物冷却机处理偏高水分粮安全度夏试验[J].粮食储藏,2005,(6):26-27
[12]周长金,马明君,胡友等.高水分粮安全度夏试验报告[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2005,(2):24-26
[13]魏金高,金浩,周建新等.高大平房仓安全储藏中高水分晚粳稻谷的研究[J].粮食储藏,2004,(6):28-30
[14]和国文,金勇文,刘呈平等.鄂中地区偏高水分晚籼稻谷安全度夏试验[J].粮食储藏,2005,(6):24-26
[15]李纯浒,郁宏兵.综合储粮技术在偏高水分稻谷过夏保管中的应用[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2006,(2):24-27
[16]蔡汉立,孙苟大,周国兴等.偏高水分晚粳稻安全度夏综合技术应用探讨[J].首届粮食储藏技术与管理论坛论文集,2006,(11):396-399
[17]丁传林,张雄,周邦新等.高大平房仓偏高水分粮安全度夏试验[J].粮食流通技术,2006,(3):25-27
[18]辛立勇,石志国,张涛等.均温通风技术在偏高水分玉米储藏中的应用[J].粮食储藏技术创新与仓储精细化管理研讨会论文集,2007,(8):197-200
[19]李再贵,刘洛宁,三上陇司.我国稻米食味评定方法分析与思考[J].北方水稻,2007,(3):5-9
[20]邓兰卿,王兰花.浅谈中储粮企业如何减少粮食损耗[J].齐鲁粮食,2006,(7):34-35
[21]束旭强.粮食储藏期间水分变化的探讨[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2004,(5):52-54
[22]邵德喜,葛长庄.对粮食水分的粗浅认识[J].陕西粮油科技,1993,(1):41-42
[23]周天智等.含水量不同的籼稻在不同储藏温度下品质变化研究[J].粮食储藏,2005,(3):30-35
[24]张来林.不同温度下稻谷的品质变化[J].谷物化学与品质分析,2005(6):32
[25]万忠民,徐宁.不同储藏温度下稻谷的品质劣变[J].粮食与食品工业,2004,(3):49-51
[26]Temudo M P,Barros G,Adter C,etal . Traditional rice storage in souther Guinea-Bissall:potentials limitating,and possible improrement on local methods integrated protection of stored products[J].Bulletin oilb-srop,1998,21(3):143-152
[27]Baim M L,Gras P W,Banks H J,etal.A quantitative study of the influence of temperature, water activity and storage atmosphere on the yellowing of paddy endosperm[J].Journal of Cereal Science,1990,12(2):193-201
[28]高影,杨建新,邬健纯等.不同水分、温度条件下CO2浓度对大米品质的影响[J] .粮食储藏,1997,26(1):3-14
[29]李小松.大米在陈化过程中的变化[J].江西粮油科技,1993,(2):2 6 -28
[30] ASAE S352.2 FEB03.Moisture Measurement-Unground Grain and Seeds
[31] Da wen Sun . Comparison and select ion of EMC/ERH isotherm equation for r ice [J]. Journal of Stored Products Research, 1999, 35: 249- 264.
[32]Aibara,S.,I.A.ISMAIL,etal.Changes in rice bran lipids and fatty acids during storage[J].Agric.Biol.Chem.1986,50:665-673
[33]郜海燕等.新收湿稻谷劣变的初步研究[J],浙江农业学报,1994(3):80-84
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[2]道通期货
[3]Gb 1350-1999稻谷:国家技术监督局
[4]Gb/t 20569-2006稻谷储存品质判定规则:中国标准出版社出版发行
[5]刘光亚.影响稻谷品质指标测定值的因素[J].粮食储藏,2005,34(4):38-39
[6]马涛,毛闯,赵坤.大米水分与食味品质和储藏关系的研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2007 ,(5):3-4
[7]路茜玉.粮油储藏学[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,1999
[8]崔国华,曹毅.粮食低温储藏的应用实践和发展建议[J].粮食储藏,2004,(2):20-24
[9]中央储备粮宁乡直属库仓储科.调整稻谷安全储藏水分[J].粮食科技与经济,2004,(4):28-29
[10]闵艳芳,王长义,陈键锋.高大平房仓“半安全晚粳稻谷”低温通风降水度夏技术探索[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2004,(6):20-22
[11]谭大文,万军,陈平等.谷物冷却机处理偏高水分粮安全度夏试验[J].粮食储藏,2005,(6):26-27
[12]周长金,马明君,胡友等.高水分粮安全度夏试验报告[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2005,(2):24-26
[13]魏金高,金浩,周建新等.高大平房仓安全储藏中高水分晚粳稻谷的研究[J].粮食储藏,2004,(6):28-30
[14]和国文,金勇文,刘呈平等.鄂中地区偏高水分晚籼稻谷安全度夏试验[J].粮食储藏,2005,(6):24-26
[15]李纯浒,郁宏兵.综合储粮技术在偏高水分稻谷过夏保管中的应用[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2006,(2):24-27
[16]蔡汉立,孙苟大,周国兴等.偏高水分晚粳稻安全度夏综合技术应用探讨[J].首届粮食储藏技术与管理论坛论文集,2006,(11):396-399
[17]丁传林,张雄,周邦新等.高大平房仓偏高水分粮安全度夏试验[J].粮食流通技术,2006,(3):25-27
[18]辛立勇,石志国,张涛等.均温通风技术在偏高水分玉米储藏中的应用[J].粮食储藏技术创新与仓储精细化管理研讨会论文集,2007,(8):197-200
[19]李再贵,刘洛宁,三上陇司.我国稻米食味评定方法分析与思考[J].北方水稻,2007,(3):5-9
[20]邓兰卿,王兰花.浅谈中储粮企业如何减少粮食损耗[J].齐鲁粮食,2006,(7):34-35
[21]束旭强.粮食储藏期间水分变化的探讨[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2004,(5):52-54
[22]邵德喜,葛长庄.对粮食水分的粗浅认识[J].陕西粮油科技,1993,(1):41-42
[23]周天智等.含水量不同的籼稻在不同储藏温度下品质变化研究[J].粮食储藏,2005,(3):30-35
[24]张来林.不同温度下稻谷的品质变化[J].谷物化学与品质分析,2005(6):32
[25]万忠民,徐宁.不同储藏温度下稻谷的品质劣变[J].粮食与食品工业,2004,(3):49-51
[26]Temudo M P,Barros G,Adter C,etal . Traditional rice storage in souther Guinea-Bissall:potentials limitating,and possible improrement on local methods integrated protection of stored products[J].Bulletin oilb-srop,1998,21(3):143-152
[27]Baim M L,Gras P W,Banks H J,etal.A quantitative study of the influence of temperature, water activity and storage atmosphere on the yellowing of paddy endosperm[J].Journal of Cereal Science,1990,12(2):193-201
[28]高影,杨建新,邬健纯等.不同水分、温度条件下CO2浓度对大米品质的影响[J] .粮食储藏,1997,26(1):3-14
[29]李小松.大米在陈化过程中的变化[J].江西粮油科技,1993,(2):2 6 -28
[30] ASAE S352.2 FEB03.Moisture Measurement-Unground Grain and Seeds
[31] Da wen Sun . Comparison and select ion of EMC/ERH isotherm equation for r ice [J]. Journal of Stored Products Research, 1999, 35: 249- 264.
[32]Aibara,S.,I.A.ISMAIL,etal.Changes in rice bran lipids and fatty acids during storage[J].Agric.Biol.Chem.1986,50:665-673
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