16/3.2吨桥式双梁起重机小车轻量化研究
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摘要
桥式起重机作为一种重要的物流机械,广泛地应用于国民经济的各个领域。随着时代的发展和科学技术的进步,我国起重机的设计正逐渐向轻量化方向发展。目前我国对起重机轻量化的研究大多集中在对其主梁结构的优化上,并取得了较大进展;而对小车所做的轻量化研究却不够深入,与国外许多具有先进结构的小车相比,有较大差距。
本文针对国内起重机小车轻量化研究不足的情况,对某厂一台16/3.2吨桥式双梁起重机小车的结构轻量化技术进行了相关研究:
1)首先根据现代设计思想,分析了该小车起升、运行机构的传动方式和所选用的元器件;建立了该小车车架的有限元模型,采用有限元软件MSC.PATRAN分析了其在最不利工况下的应力、应变分布情况以及固有振动特性。
2)根据分析结果,针对原小车结构松散、自重过大等现状进行结构轻量化重设计。经分析比较和设计计算,确立了结构紧凑的起升、运行机构传动方式并选择了相应的元器件;针对新机构的特点,重新设计了小车车架结构。
3)对新设计小车车架进行了有限元分析,提出了相应的结构改进设计方案。
4)利用有限元软件ANSYS的APDL语言建立结构改进后小车车架的有限元摸型,编写了以小车架主梁和纵梁钢板厚度为参数的优化程序,确定了使车架自重最轻时的板厚尺寸。
本文通过对16/3.2吨桥式双梁起重机小车的轻量化研究,为我国起重机轻量化技术提供了一定的理论和实例依据,也对整个物流机械行业向轻型化、节能化方向的发展起到了一定的推动作用。
As one important type of the logistics machine, overhead crane is widely applied in various fields of economy.With the development of society and scientific technology,design of crane continually has the trend of weight-reduction in our country.Currently,study of crane is mostly concentrateing on structure optimization of the main girder and have made a great progress.Compared with trolly with superior structure in foreign countries,study of weight-reduction research of trolly is limited and need to be improved.
Given the research of crane trolly is insufficient, this dissertation is aimed at researching the weight-reduction of a 16/3.2t overhead traveling crane trolley's structure designed by a factory:
1) Analyzes the driving ways of the trolley's hoisting mechanism and travelling mechanism as well as their components based on the advanced design thoughts.Builds the FEA model of the trolly frame, then analyses its distribution of stree and strain and also its inherent vibration characteristics uder the trolley's most adverse working condition by using the FEA soft ware MSC.PATRAN.
2) On the ground of the analyzing results, redesign the Trolley structure due to the loose structure and heavy weight of the former design with the concept of weight-reduction.Establishes the drivinging ways of its hoisting mechanism and travelling mechanism with compact structure as well as their related components through analysing, comparing and calculating.Redesign the trolley's frame according to the new hoisting mechanism and traveling mechanism.
3) Furthermore, analyzes the structure of new trolly's frame by MSC.PATRAN, putting forward refineing measures of it.
4) By using the ANSYS language APDL, establishes the FEA model of the refined trolly's frame,compile the optimization program with the thickness of main girder and longitudinal girder's plate being the parameters.Moreover, find out the most suitable degree of thickness ,which ensure the least weight of the trolly.
Through the research on weight-reduction of 16/3.2 ton overhead crane trolly, it, to some extent, provides theory and exact examples for the crane weight-reduction in our country.In addition,this research plays a role in the process of weight-reduction and engery saving of logistics machine.
本文针对国内起重机小车轻量化研究不足的情况,对某厂一台16/3.2吨桥式双梁起重机小车的结构轻量化技术进行了相关研究:
1)首先根据现代设计思想,分析了该小车起升、运行机构的传动方式和所选用的元器件;建立了该小车车架的有限元模型,采用有限元软件MSC.PATRAN分析了其在最不利工况下的应力、应变分布情况以及固有振动特性。
2)根据分析结果,针对原小车结构松散、自重过大等现状进行结构轻量化重设计。经分析比较和设计计算,确立了结构紧凑的起升、运行机构传动方式并选择了相应的元器件;针对新机构的特点,重新设计了小车车架结构。
3)对新设计小车车架进行了有限元分析,提出了相应的结构改进设计方案。
4)利用有限元软件ANSYS的APDL语言建立结构改进后小车车架的有限元摸型,编写了以小车架主梁和纵梁钢板厚度为参数的优化程序,确定了使车架自重最轻时的板厚尺寸。
本文通过对16/3.2吨桥式双梁起重机小车的轻量化研究,为我国起重机轻量化技术提供了一定的理论和实例依据,也对整个物流机械行业向轻型化、节能化方向的发展起到了一定的推动作用。
As one important type of the logistics machine, overhead crane is widely applied in various fields of economy.With the development of society and scientific technology,design of crane continually has the trend of weight-reduction in our country.Currently,study of crane is mostly concentrateing on structure optimization of the main girder and have made a great progress.Compared with trolly with superior structure in foreign countries,study of weight-reduction research of trolly is limited and need to be improved.
Given the research of crane trolly is insufficient, this dissertation is aimed at researching the weight-reduction of a 16/3.2t overhead traveling crane trolley's structure designed by a factory:
1) Analyzes the driving ways of the trolley's hoisting mechanism and travelling mechanism as well as their components based on the advanced design thoughts.Builds the FEA model of the trolly frame, then analyses its distribution of stree and strain and also its inherent vibration characteristics uder the trolley's most adverse working condition by using the FEA soft ware MSC.PATRAN.
2) On the ground of the analyzing results, redesign the Trolley structure due to the loose structure and heavy weight of the former design with the concept of weight-reduction.Establishes the drivinging ways of its hoisting mechanism and travelling mechanism with compact structure as well as their related components through analysing, comparing and calculating.Redesign the trolley's frame according to the new hoisting mechanism and traveling mechanism.
3) Furthermore, analyzes the structure of new trolly's frame by MSC.PATRAN, putting forward refineing measures of it.
4) By using the ANSYS language APDL, establishes the FEA model of the refined trolly's frame,compile the optimization program with the thickness of main girder and longitudinal girder's plate being the parameters.Moreover, find out the most suitable degree of thickness ,which ensure the least weight of the trolly.
Through the research on weight-reduction of 16/3.2 ton overhead crane trolly, it, to some extent, provides theory and exact examples for the crane weight-reduction in our country.In addition,this research plays a role in the process of weight-reduction and engery saving of logistics machine.
引文
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[3]方珠芳,赵阳,吕宏芬.制造业中的现代物流技术初探[J].应用科技,2003,30(5):7-13
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[5]万力.我国起重机科技进步情况的回顾[M].起重运输机械,1999(10):6-8.
[6]须雷.起重机的现代设计方法[J].起重运输机械,1996(8):3-7.
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[8]王松.桥式起重机静动态仿真分析及结构优化[D].北京:北京科技大学硕士论文,2008.
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[10]夏建芳,刘哲明.桁架起重机主梁强度分析与结构优化[J].机械工程师,2007(3):24-26.
[11]Abid M,Akmal MH,Parvez S.Optimization of box type girder of overhead crane[C].13~(th)intemationalCoference on Advance Design and Manufacture.GlobalL Design toGain a Competitive Edge,2008:609-618.
[12]Abersek B,Miklus S.Models for optimization of gantry crane main girder[C].Advances in Fracture and Damage Mechanics Ⅵ,2007,348:657-660.
[13]N.Taysi,M,O¨ zakca.Free vibration analysis and shape optimization of box-girder bridges in straight and curved planform.Engineering Structures,2002,24(6):625-637.
[14]苏文力,徐长生.基于一阶优化方法的桥式起重机结构有限元分析[N].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2006,30(4):619-622.
[15]贾文强,王民利,康文河.优化起重机钢结构件设计方法研究[J].制造业自动化,2004,26(1):20-24.
[16]O¨ zakc,a M.Analysis and optimal design of structures with adaptivity[D].PhD thesis.Swansea(UK):University College of Swansea,1993.
[17]韩传峰,陈建业.大型基础设施项目群组决策的模糊评价[N].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007(1):133-137.
[18]于亚婷,杜平安,王振伟.有限元法的应用现状研究[J].机械设计,2005(3):6-8.
[19]刑海军.桥式起重机小车车架有限元分析[J].建筑机械,2006(1):67-70.
[20]许志沛,王金诺.桥式起重机小车架承载潜力[J].起重运输机械,1994(8):14-18.
[21]李维越.柔性化设计小车钢结构的分析与研究[J].起重运输机械.2008(9):19-24.
[22]Wu JJ.Transverse and longitudinal vibrations of a frame structure due to a moving trolley and the hoisted object using moving finite element[J].Iternational Journal of Mechanical Science,2008,50(4):613-625.
[23]刘永峰.施工起重机国内外发展状况[J].施工技术,2007(1)56-60.
[24]须雷.起重机模块化设计[J].起重运输机械,1990(7):4-7.
[25]胡吉全,杨艳芳.基于模块化的门座起重机虚拟概念设计(N).武汉理工大学学报(交通工程与安全版),2005(3):446-449.
[26]Schwarz A.SMS Demag invest in secondary academic growth.Sthal Und Eisen,2005,123(3):99-101.
[27]周红梅.德马格(DEMAG)标准组件起重机[J].起重运输机械,2000(1):22-26.
[28]张鄂.现代设计理论与方法[M].科学出版社,2007.3.
[29]刘之生,黄纯颖.反求工程技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992.
[30]刑玉生,刘佃富.随车起重机变幅机构的反求设计[J].起重运输机械,2000(3):14-17.
[31]法兰泰克起重设备有限公司.国外工程机械配件基本情况以及发展趋势.[OL]http://www.verlinde.com.cn/chineseweb/cpjs/bzqss b/200508/17.html,2005-08.
[32]邱栋梁.国内外起重机发展动态.[J].起重机运输机械,1997(7):3-5.
[33]JB/T 9003-1999.起重机三合一减速器[S].
[34]陆大明.起重机械国际国内标准的现状和发展趋势[J].建设机械技术与管理,2005(12):32-35.
[35]GB3811-83.起重机设计规范[S].
[36]庞延波,于兰峰,唐连生.基于改进免疫遗传算法的桥式起重机主梁优化[J].起重运输机械,2007(8):44-47.
[37]宁朝阳,刘长生,李春贵.桥式起重机箱形主梁优化设计软件[J].起重运输机械,2006(5):36-39.
[38]陈国璋,孙桂林等.起重机计算实例[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1985.
[39]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.6.
[40]Bathe K j.Finite Element Procedures[M].Prentice-Hall Inc,1996.
[41]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理和应用(M].北京:中国水利电力出版社,1998.
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