观音岩水电站坝基砂、砾岩溶蚀损伤力学特性与工程应用研究
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摘要
观音岩水电站位于云南省华坪县与四川省攀枝花市分界的金沙江上,是金沙江中游“一库八级”梯级电站中的最后一个梯级,最大坝高159m,装机3000MW。观音岩水电站大坝为混合坝,左岸及河床地段为混凝土重力坝,右岸为堆石坝,坝基岩体的力学特性能否满足重力坝的修建要求至关重要。观音岩水电站坝基岩体因钙质胶结物强烈溶蚀,出现成带、成片的疏松岩体,导致坝基岩体工程特性降低,严重影响到坝基岩体的稳定性和安全性。这一问题也是国内至今首次遇到的坝基碎屑岩体大范围溶蚀损伤、力学特性降低的典型问题。因此,“溶蚀砂(砾)岩力学特性损伤及其工程应用”是观音岩水电站能否修建重力坝的关键性工程地质问题。针对此问题,本文进行了系统性的研究分析,得出了以下主要结论和认识:
(1)对处于坝基重要地带的溶蚀岩体,通过现场大型探槽勘察、大量潜孔钻和河床钻孔声波测试结果分析,预测其所在的空间分布特征。溶蚀岩体主要发育在J2S2-1、J2S2-2地层,其中河床坝段有4个较明显的溶蚀集中带(R1、R2、R3、R4)。
(2)通过密度试验资料分析,划分了轻微、中度、强烈溶蚀砂岩、砾岩的界限。采用室内单轴抗压强度试验及现场变形试验获得了未溶蚀岩体和溶蚀岩体的抗压强度参数及变形模量值。用新的取样方法和单点三轴试验开展了溶蚀岩体的强度试验,获得了溶蚀岩体的抗剪强度参数。
(3)提出了溶蚀岩体物理力学指标损伤率这一概念。研究了不同程度溶蚀岩体的完整性、强度参数、变形参数的损伤率,全面分析了溶蚀砂、砾岩的力学损伤特性。
(4)根据国家标准《水利水电工程地质勘察规范》(GB50287-2006)中的岩体质量分级方案,结合观音岩溶蚀岩体的工程特性,对坝基岩体进行了质量等级划分。
(5)对含溶蚀砂砾岩部位的工程岩体,分别考虑岩体在未溶蚀、轻微、中度、强烈溶蚀四种情况,运用二维有限元程序,对坝基的应力及位移进行了数值模拟研究;运用刚性极限平衡法对坝基表层抗滑稳定性进行了验算。
Guanyinyan Hydropower Station is over the Jinsha River,which is on the boundaries between Huaping Town in Yunnan Province and Panzhihua City in Sichuan Province. The Station,whose the greatest height is 159 metres and the installed capacity is 3000MW,is the last step of "a Treasury 8" . Guanyinyan is a mixed dam, whose the left bank of the river bed is the concrete gravity dam site,,and the right bank is rock-fill dam. So whethe the mechanical properties of the dam’s foundation rock mass can meet the requirements or not is essential to the construction of the dam. The foundation of Guanyinyan hydropower dam rock mass due to a strong solution of calcium cement, there into a belt, into a piece of loose rock, resulting in lower dam foundation rock mass engineering properties, which has seriously affected the stability and safety of the dam’s foundation rock.So far this problem is also encountered in the first large-scale dam foundation rock clastic erosion damage, reduce the mechanical properties of the typical problems. Therefore "the mechanical characteristics of corrosion damage glutenite and Its Application in Engineering" is whether the construction of hydropower dam Guanyinyan key engineering geological problems. For this problem, the paper conducted a systematic research and analysis, reached the following main conclusions and understanding.
(1) Of the important areas in the dam foundation rock mass of the solution, through on-site large-scale investigation into trough, a large number of Down-hole drilling and sonic drilling test bed analysis, forecast the spatial distribution of their characteristics: The main development in the dissolution of rock J2S2-1 , J2S2-2 formation, in which section 4 bed obvious solution to concentrate on (R1, R2, R3, R4).
(2) Through the density of test data analysis, divided into minor, moderate, strong erosion of sandstone, conglomerate boundaries. Compressive strength tests using a conventional rock mechanics tests and field tests was not the deformation of rock erosion and corrosion parameters and compressive strength of rock mass deformation modulus value. With new sampling methods and a single point of triaxial tests carried out corrosion tests of rock strength, given the strength parameters of rock erosion.
(3) Put forward indicators of physical and mechanical rock dissolution rate of the concept of injury. Studied the dissolution of rock in varying degrees of integrity, intensity parameters, deformation parameters of the injury rate, comprehensive understanding of the corrosion characteristics of glutenite mechanical injury.
(4)In accordance with national standards, "Geological Survey Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering norms"(GB50287-2006) of the rock mass quality classification program, combined with rock Guanyinyan corrosion characteristics of the project to determine the quality and grade of dam foundation rock.
(5)Glutenite solution containing the project site rock masses, respectively, did not consider the rock mass in the solution, mild, moderate, strong solution of four cases, the use of two-dimensional finite element program, the foundation of stress and displacement for the numerical simulation studies; use rigid limit equilibrium method, such as the surface of four methods of foundation stability against sliding for a check.
(1)对处于坝基重要地带的溶蚀岩体,通过现场大型探槽勘察、大量潜孔钻和河床钻孔声波测试结果分析,预测其所在的空间分布特征。溶蚀岩体主要发育在J2S2-1、J2S2-2地层,其中河床坝段有4个较明显的溶蚀集中带(R1、R2、R3、R4)。
(2)通过密度试验资料分析,划分了轻微、中度、强烈溶蚀砂岩、砾岩的界限。采用室内单轴抗压强度试验及现场变形试验获得了未溶蚀岩体和溶蚀岩体的抗压强度参数及变形模量值。用新的取样方法和单点三轴试验开展了溶蚀岩体的强度试验,获得了溶蚀岩体的抗剪强度参数。
(3)提出了溶蚀岩体物理力学指标损伤率这一概念。研究了不同程度溶蚀岩体的完整性、强度参数、变形参数的损伤率,全面分析了溶蚀砂、砾岩的力学损伤特性。
(4)根据国家标准《水利水电工程地质勘察规范》(GB50287-2006)中的岩体质量分级方案,结合观音岩溶蚀岩体的工程特性,对坝基岩体进行了质量等级划分。
(5)对含溶蚀砂砾岩部位的工程岩体,分别考虑岩体在未溶蚀、轻微、中度、强烈溶蚀四种情况,运用二维有限元程序,对坝基的应力及位移进行了数值模拟研究;运用刚性极限平衡法对坝基表层抗滑稳定性进行了验算。
Guanyinyan Hydropower Station is over the Jinsha River,which is on the boundaries between Huaping Town in Yunnan Province and Panzhihua City in Sichuan Province. The Station,whose the greatest height is 159 metres and the installed capacity is 3000MW,is the last step of "a Treasury 8" . Guanyinyan is a mixed dam, whose the left bank of the river bed is the concrete gravity dam site,,and the right bank is rock-fill dam. So whethe the mechanical properties of the dam’s foundation rock mass can meet the requirements or not is essential to the construction of the dam. The foundation of Guanyinyan hydropower dam rock mass due to a strong solution of calcium cement, there into a belt, into a piece of loose rock, resulting in lower dam foundation rock mass engineering properties, which has seriously affected the stability and safety of the dam’s foundation rock.So far this problem is also encountered in the first large-scale dam foundation rock clastic erosion damage, reduce the mechanical properties of the typical problems. Therefore "the mechanical characteristics of corrosion damage glutenite and Its Application in Engineering" is whether the construction of hydropower dam Guanyinyan key engineering geological problems. For this problem, the paper conducted a systematic research and analysis, reached the following main conclusions and understanding.
(1) Of the important areas in the dam foundation rock mass of the solution, through on-site large-scale investigation into trough, a large number of Down-hole drilling and sonic drilling test bed analysis, forecast the spatial distribution of their characteristics: The main development in the dissolution of rock J2S2-1 , J2S2-2 formation, in which section 4 bed obvious solution to concentrate on (R1, R2, R3, R4).
(2) Through the density of test data analysis, divided into minor, moderate, strong erosion of sandstone, conglomerate boundaries. Compressive strength tests using a conventional rock mechanics tests and field tests was not the deformation of rock erosion and corrosion parameters and compressive strength of rock mass deformation modulus value. With new sampling methods and a single point of triaxial tests carried out corrosion tests of rock strength, given the strength parameters of rock erosion.
(3) Put forward indicators of physical and mechanical rock dissolution rate of the concept of injury. Studied the dissolution of rock in varying degrees of integrity, intensity parameters, deformation parameters of the injury rate, comprehensive understanding of the corrosion characteristics of glutenite mechanical injury.
(4)In accordance with national standards, "Geological Survey Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering norms"(GB50287-2006) of the rock mass quality classification program, combined with rock Guanyinyan corrosion characteristics of the project to determine the quality and grade of dam foundation rock.
(5)Glutenite solution containing the project site rock masses, respectively, did not consider the rock mass in the solution, mild, moderate, strong solution of four cases, the use of two-dimensional finite element program, the foundation of stress and displacement for the numerical simulation studies; use rigid limit equilibrium method, such as the surface of four methods of foundation stability against sliding for a check.
引文
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