瞬变电磁视纵向电导微分成像应用研究
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摘要
瞬变电磁法(Transient Electromagnetic Method)是利用测量得到的异常分析出地下不均匀体的导电性能和位置,进而达到分析并解决地质问题的一种勘探方法。而瞬变电磁视纵向电导反演方法对于层状地电断面模型,在以寻找低阻层为目的的勘探中,往往比传统的视电阻率法更直观。因为根据电磁场理论,地下均匀介质可用一导电平面来代替,再利用镜像法可以方便地求出空间任一点的感应电磁场的强度,随时间t的增减,导电平面以速度1/μ_0σ上下“浮动”,从而改变空间任一点感应电磁场的振幅和相位,随着时间的推移,瞬变电磁场向地层深处传播,若深部出现新的导电层,则总纵向电导值增加,为了突出总纵向电导随深度的变化,对纵向电导进行微分成像,使得层状特征更加明显,这就是根据纵向电导曲线有可能比视电阻率曲线更直观地确定导电层存在的原因。
本文引入了在瞬变电磁资料处理中利用视纵向电导微分成像进行定性、定量解释的方法,并通过对微分成像方法原理的阐述,指出了利用视纵向电导参数进行瞬变电磁测深资料解释的优越性。同时,为了解决反演中因(?)的取值不准确而影响解释的最终视纵向电导S_τ和视深度H_τ,以及反演成像结果与实际目标体差别太大的问题,采用遗传算法求取丽最优解,并在算法及程序实现上对于(?)的求解问题做了进一步的改进。为了提高对电性层的分辨能力,在明确电导及其导数曲线物理含义的基础上,采用三次样条插值对数据进行处理,实现电导参数的微分成像。实践证明,电导微分成像结果与其他反演结果吻合较好,其“电性同相轴”以直观、形象的面貌清晰地展示了电性界面的分布形态。
The TEM(Transient Electromagnetic Method) is a kind of exploration method that takes use of the measuring abnormity to analyze the conductive capacity and the position of the underground non-homogeneous substance to resolve the geology problems.However,using the apparent vertical conductance conversion imaging to search for low resistance layer is more visually than the traditional apparent resistance method in the layer earth electricity section model.It is because that according to the electromagnetic theory,the underground uniform medium can be replaced by an electric plane,then it is conveniently to seek the changing inductive electromagnetic field with time 't' in any space point by mirror imaging method.The electric plane flow up and down at the speed of 1/μ_0σ.This can alter the swing and phase in random space point.With time changing,transient electromagnetic field spread to the deep stratum.If there occurs a mew electric layer,the total vertical conductance value increases.In order to emphasize the change of the total vertical conductance with depth,we have differential imaging to the vertical conductance to make the layer character more obviously.This is the reason that the vertical conductance curve is more vividly to determine the existence of the electric layer than the apparent resistance curve.
In this article,we introduce a method of taking use of the apparent vertical conductance differential imaging to do the qualitative and quantitative interpretation at interpretation of TEM.After the elaboration for the principle of the differential imaging,this paper show the advantages of using apparent vertical conductance differential imaging to do the date processing and interpretation of transient electromagnetic sounding.At the same time,in order to resolve the problem that because the wrong(?) after the inversion, affecting the interpretation's termite solution of apparent vertical conductance S_τand apparent depth H_τ,and the large differential of imaging of inversion and true target.We use genetic algorithm to require the optimization(?).And still,we do some improvement in the program to resolve the optimization(?).In order to increase the resolution of electric undersurfaces,basing on the confirming the meaning of apparent vertical conductance and its' physical meaning,we may use cubic spline interpolate to do data processing, and achieve the imaging of parameter of conductance.Apparent vertical conductance differential imaging can coincide with other ways,and its' "electrical phase axis" shows the form of range of electrical boundary surface lucidly with intuition.
本文引入了在瞬变电磁资料处理中利用视纵向电导微分成像进行定性、定量解释的方法,并通过对微分成像方法原理的阐述,指出了利用视纵向电导参数进行瞬变电磁测深资料解释的优越性。同时,为了解决反演中因(?)的取值不准确而影响解释的最终视纵向电导S_τ和视深度H_τ,以及反演成像结果与实际目标体差别太大的问题,采用遗传算法求取丽最优解,并在算法及程序实现上对于(?)的求解问题做了进一步的改进。为了提高对电性层的分辨能力,在明确电导及其导数曲线物理含义的基础上,采用三次样条插值对数据进行处理,实现电导参数的微分成像。实践证明,电导微分成像结果与其他反演结果吻合较好,其“电性同相轴”以直观、形象的面貌清晰地展示了电性界面的分布形态。
The TEM(Transient Electromagnetic Method) is a kind of exploration method that takes use of the measuring abnormity to analyze the conductive capacity and the position of the underground non-homogeneous substance to resolve the geology problems.However,using the apparent vertical conductance conversion imaging to search for low resistance layer is more visually than the traditional apparent resistance method in the layer earth electricity section model.It is because that according to the electromagnetic theory,the underground uniform medium can be replaced by an electric plane,then it is conveniently to seek the changing inductive electromagnetic field with time 't' in any space point by mirror imaging method.The electric plane flow up and down at the speed of 1/μ_0σ.This can alter the swing and phase in random space point.With time changing,transient electromagnetic field spread to the deep stratum.If there occurs a mew electric layer,the total vertical conductance value increases.In order to emphasize the change of the total vertical conductance with depth,we have differential imaging to the vertical conductance to make the layer character more obviously.This is the reason that the vertical conductance curve is more vividly to determine the existence of the electric layer than the apparent resistance curve.
In this article,we introduce a method of taking use of the apparent vertical conductance differential imaging to do the qualitative and quantitative interpretation at interpretation of TEM.After the elaboration for the principle of the differential imaging,this paper show the advantages of using apparent vertical conductance differential imaging to do the date processing and interpretation of transient electromagnetic sounding.At the same time,in order to resolve the problem that because the wrong(?) after the inversion, affecting the interpretation's termite solution of apparent vertical conductance S_τand apparent depth H_τ,and the large differential of imaging of inversion and true target.We use genetic algorithm to require the optimization(?).And still,we do some improvement in the program to resolve the optimization(?).In order to increase the resolution of electric undersurfaces,basing on the confirming the meaning of apparent vertical conductance and its' physical meaning,we may use cubic spline interpolate to do data processing, and achieve the imaging of parameter of conductance.Apparent vertical conductance differential imaging can coincide with other ways,and its' "electrical phase axis" shows the form of range of electrical boundary surface lucidly with intuition.
引文
[1]Lee S,Memechan G A.Phase-field imaging:The electromagnetic equivalent of seismic migration[J].Geophysics,1987,52(5):687-693
[2]Yutuka,Sasaki.Application of phase-Shift migration to magnetotelluric data[J].Presented at the 59th annual international SEG meeting,1989
[3]Zhdannov M S,Frenkel M A.The solution of the inverse problems on the basis of the analytical continuation of the transient electromagnetic field in reverse time[J].J Geomag Geoelectr,1983,35:747-765
[4]Zhdannov M S,Traynin P N.Resistivity imaging by time domain electromagnetic migration.Exploration Geophysics,1995,36:196-194
[5]王家映.一维大地电磁资料的直接反演法[J].地质科技情报,1987(6):104-113
[6]沈飙,何继善.仿用反向地震处理MT资料反常的理论探讨.物探与化探,1991,(5):12-15
[7]魏胜,王家映.二维模型中的MT资料的偏移.地球物理学报,1993,(3):74-78
[8]薛国强,宋建平,李貅.水平层状介质下瞬变电磁成像方法.西安交通大学学报,2003,37(2):213-216
[9]薛云峰,孙晓暾,孙雅芳.瞬变电磁电阻率成像法探测岩体渗漏通道的研究及应用.水文地质工程地质,2004,(3):96-98
[10]陈本池,牟永光,孙吉定.瞬变电磁法资料的快速反演成像技术与软件.物探与化探,2000,24(5):378-383
[11]陈本池,李金铭,周凤桐.瞬变电磁场拟波动方程偏移成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(5):546-554
[12]严良俊,徐世浙,胡文宝等.中心回线瞬变电磁测深法快速电阻率成像方法及应用.煤田地质与勘探,2002,30(6):58-61
[13]方文藻,李予国,李貅.瞬变电磁测深法原理[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1993
[14]李建平,唐远炎.小波分析方法的应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2001
[15]秦前清,杨宗凯.实用小波分析[M].西安:西安电子科技大学,1998
[16]导向科技编著.MATLAB6.0程序设计与实例应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001
[17]马宇,张陪强.基于小波分析的TEM快速成像[J].地质与勘探,2005,41(2):72-76
[18]李貅,全红娟,许阿祥等.瞬变电磁的微分电导成像[J].煤田地质与勘探.2003,(6):59-61
[19]李貅编著.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2002
[20]牛之琏.时间域电磁法原理[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1993.
[21]朴化荣.电磁测深法原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.
[22]傅君眉,冯恩信编著.高等电磁理论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000
[23]石林珂,孙铭心,王广国等编著.地球物理遗传反演方法[M].北京:地震出版社,2000
[24]袁慧梅,郭喜庆.遗传算法的改进[J].中国农业大学学报.1999,2(4):99-102
[25]靖稳峰,魏红,段惠娣.遗传算法及其发展现状[J].西安工业学院学报.2000,20(3):230-235
[26]任平.遗传算法(综述)[J].工程数学学报.1999,16(1):1-8
[27]于鹏,王家林,吴健生.大地电磁场成像方法综述与新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1):53-58
[28]谭浩强.FORTRAN程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1990
[29]邓巍巍,王越男编.Visual Fortran编程指南[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2000
[30]王为民.电磁场理论[M].长春:长春地质学院出版社,1985
[31]楼仁海,符果行,肖书君.工程电磁场理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1991
[32]马宇.基于小波分析的TEM快速成像方法研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2003
[33]武军杰.瞬变电磁新技术在隧道超前地质预报中的应用研究[D].大学硕士论文,2005
[34]楼顺天,于为,闫华梁.MATAB程序设计语言[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1997
[35]薛国强.瞬变电磁成像技术研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2002
[36]傅良魁主编.应用地球物理教程-电法、放射性、地热[M].北京:地质出版社,1992
[37]考夫曼A,凯勒GV著.王建谋译.频率哉和时间域电磁测深[M].北京:地质出版社,1992
[38]米萨克N,纳比吉安著.赵经祥译.勘查地球物理电磁法第一卷理论[M].北京:地质出版社,1992
[39] Adrianus To De Hoop. Transient Eectromagnetic vs. Seismic Prospecting a correspondence principe[J]. Geophysica Prospecting, 1996,44(6):987-995
[40] M.Gershenson. Simple Interpretation of time-domain Electromagnetic Sounding Using Simitarities between wave and diffusion propagation[J]. Geophysics, 1997,62(3):763-774
[41] K.M.Strack, K.Vozoff. Integrating long-offset Transient Electromagnetic with Seismic in an Exploration Environment. Geophysical prospecting, 1996,44(6):997-1017
[2]Yutuka,Sasaki.Application of phase-Shift migration to magnetotelluric data[J].Presented at the 59th annual international SEG meeting,1989
[3]Zhdannov M S,Frenkel M A.The solution of the inverse problems on the basis of the analytical continuation of the transient electromagnetic field in reverse time[J].J Geomag Geoelectr,1983,35:747-765
[4]Zhdannov M S,Traynin P N.Resistivity imaging by time domain electromagnetic migration.Exploration Geophysics,1995,36:196-194
[5]王家映.一维大地电磁资料的直接反演法[J].地质科技情报,1987(6):104-113
[6]沈飙,何继善.仿用反向地震处理MT资料反常的理论探讨.物探与化探,1991,(5):12-15
[7]魏胜,王家映.二维模型中的MT资料的偏移.地球物理学报,1993,(3):74-78
[8]薛国强,宋建平,李貅.水平层状介质下瞬变电磁成像方法.西安交通大学学报,2003,37(2):213-216
[9]薛云峰,孙晓暾,孙雅芳.瞬变电磁电阻率成像法探测岩体渗漏通道的研究及应用.水文地质工程地质,2004,(3):96-98
[10]陈本池,牟永光,孙吉定.瞬变电磁法资料的快速反演成像技术与软件.物探与化探,2000,24(5):378-383
[11]陈本池,李金铭,周凤桐.瞬变电磁场拟波动方程偏移成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(5):546-554
[12]严良俊,徐世浙,胡文宝等.中心回线瞬变电磁测深法快速电阻率成像方法及应用.煤田地质与勘探,2002,30(6):58-61
[13]方文藻,李予国,李貅.瞬变电磁测深法原理[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1993
[14]李建平,唐远炎.小波分析方法的应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2001
[15]秦前清,杨宗凯.实用小波分析[M].西安:西安电子科技大学,1998
[16]导向科技编著.MATLAB6.0程序设计与实例应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001
[17]马宇,张陪强.基于小波分析的TEM快速成像[J].地质与勘探,2005,41(2):72-76
[18]李貅,全红娟,许阿祥等.瞬变电磁的微分电导成像[J].煤田地质与勘探.2003,(6):59-61
[19]李貅编著.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2002
[20]牛之琏.时间域电磁法原理[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1993.
[21]朴化荣.电磁测深法原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.
[22]傅君眉,冯恩信编著.高等电磁理论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000
[23]石林珂,孙铭心,王广国等编著.地球物理遗传反演方法[M].北京:地震出版社,2000
[24]袁慧梅,郭喜庆.遗传算法的改进[J].中国农业大学学报.1999,2(4):99-102
[25]靖稳峰,魏红,段惠娣.遗传算法及其发展现状[J].西安工业学院学报.2000,20(3):230-235
[26]任平.遗传算法(综述)[J].工程数学学报.1999,16(1):1-8
[27]于鹏,王家林,吴健生.大地电磁场成像方法综述与新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1):53-58
[28]谭浩强.FORTRAN程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1990
[29]邓巍巍,王越男编.Visual Fortran编程指南[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2000
[30]王为民.电磁场理论[M].长春:长春地质学院出版社,1985
[31]楼仁海,符果行,肖书君.工程电磁场理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1991
[32]马宇.基于小波分析的TEM快速成像方法研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2003
[33]武军杰.瞬变电磁新技术在隧道超前地质预报中的应用研究[D].大学硕士论文,2005
[34]楼顺天,于为,闫华梁.MATAB程序设计语言[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1997
[35]薛国强.瞬变电磁成像技术研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2002
[36]傅良魁主编.应用地球物理教程-电法、放射性、地热[M].北京:地质出版社,1992
[37]考夫曼A,凯勒GV著.王建谋译.频率哉和时间域电磁测深[M].北京:地质出版社,1992
[38]米萨克N,纳比吉安著.赵经祥译.勘查地球物理电磁法第一卷理论[M].北京:地质出版社,1992
[39] Adrianus To De Hoop. Transient Eectromagnetic vs. Seismic Prospecting a correspondence principe[J]. Geophysica Prospecting, 1996,44(6):987-995
[40] M.Gershenson. Simple Interpretation of time-domain Electromagnetic Sounding Using Simitarities between wave and diffusion propagation[J]. Geophysics, 1997,62(3):763-774
[41] K.M.Strack, K.Vozoff. Integrating long-offset Transient Electromagnetic with Seismic in an Exploration Environment. Geophysical prospecting, 1996,44(6):997-1017
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