我国环境保护投融资机制研究
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摘要
近年来伴随着我国经济的高速发展,环境污染日益成为经济发展不能承受之重,《国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》明确提出,要建设环境友好型社会,促进经济与环境的协调发展。环境保护的关键在于资金的投入“十一五”期间,我国环境保护面临的一个严峻问题就是巨大的资金缺口。因此,对中国环境保护投融资问题进行系统地研究,从而尽快建立和完善符合中国国情特点的环境保护投融资机制,为环境保护提供巨大的资金支持,对于保障“十一五”目标的顺利实现,促进我国经济社会持续、健康、协调发展,无疑具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。
本文首先回顾了我国环境保护投融资机制从起步、发展到逐步完善的演进过程。并在此基础上、通过相关数据和资料,从投资结构、投融资主体及融资渠道、投资效果等几个方面对我国环境保护投融资现状进行了说明。并通过对现状的评析,总结出我国现阶段环境保护投融资机制还存在着投融资主体单一不足、融资渠道缺乏创新、投资运行效率有待提高等问题。
其次,针对我国环境保护投融资机制存在的问题,结合国家经济发展、环境保护、以及投融资体制改革的目标,提出了现阶段我国应建立一个“市场化、多元化”的环境保护投融资机制。环境保护投资领域范围很广、有一定的复杂性,决定了单一的投资主体和单一的投资渠道无法满足环境保护对资金的需求,所以应首先对环境保护投资项目进行区分,这是构建环境保护投融资机制的基础,投资主体应根据投资项目的内容和性质,各有侧重地进入适合自己的投资领域发挥作用,并应传统的融资渠道和方式的基础上,积极探索和创新融资渠道和手段,从而在不同的环境保护领域形成不同的投融资运作模式。在这一过程中,应充分发挥市场对资源和资金的配置作用,政府则应以制定政策和加强监管来推动环境保护市场化程度、吸引社会资金进入环保领域、提高环境保护投资效率,促进我国环境保护投融资的良性发展。
最后,文章提出现阶段要构建“以市场为主、政府为辅、多元化”的环境保护投融资机制,首先要界定各投资主体的环境事权,处理好政府与市场之间在环境保护投资中的关系;其次,要不断完善并创新多种融资渠道,加大资金的投入;最后,应继续完善并制定环境保护投融资相关的配套政策,吸引更多得投资主体和社会资金进入环境保护领域。
In recent years with the rapid development of economy,China's environmental pollution has become increasingly serious that it goes beyond what the economy can shoulder.It is clearly specified in the 11~(th) Five-Year Plan of National Economic and Social Development that an environment-friendly society is needed to promote the harmonious development between economy and environment.What is critical in environmental protection is investment and one severe issue facing China's environmental protection during "the 11~(th) Five-Year Plan" is the huge gap of funds.It is therefore of great realistic and historical significance to study systematically of China's investment and financing issues in environmental protection in order to set up as soon as possible and perfect the investment and financing mechanism in line with China's national conditions and characteristics,which will give great fund support to environmental protection and ensure the successful realization of the goals set in "the 11~(th) Five-Year Plan" and promote a sustainable,healthy as well as harmonious economic and social development in China.
The paper first of all looks back at the development of China's investment and financing mechanism in environmental protection from its start,development to its gradual improvement.Based on relevant data the paper states the present situation of China's investment and fund-raising in environmental protection from investment structure, investment body and financing channel,as well as investment effect.The paper concludes that the present mechanism has such problems as simplistic and inadequate investment and financing body,lack of innovation in investment channel and inefficient investment functioning.
Then in view of the existing problems together with economic development, environmental protection and goal of investment and financing system reform in China,the paper proposes that an investment and financing mechanism of environmental protection be set up which has the characteristics of market-orientation and pluralism.Because of the broad range in investment field and its complexity,the simplistic investment body and channel can not meet the demand of environmental protection for fund,so it is of first importance to distinguish investment projects,which is the basis for constructing a mechanism.Then according to the content and features of projects the investment body should have a play in the suitable field with its specific priority,and based on conventional financing channels and means,actively explore and innovate them so that different functioning modes of investment and financing can be formed in different environmental protection fields.In this process market should be given to its full play in allocating resources and funds and through policies and supervision government should push forward the marketing degree of environmental protection,absorb social funds into environmental field,improve investment efficiency and bring about a virtuous development of investment and financing in China's environmental protection.
Finally the paper puts forward that to construct an investment and financing mechanism of environmental protection with the features of "pluralism and market first,government second",the following things need to be dealt with correctly.First,make clear of the duties and responsibities of investment body and handle properly the relationship between government and market in investing in environmental protection.Second,various financing channels need to be innovated and perfected and investment enlarged.Last,auxiliary policies relevant to investment and financing should be formulated and improved,and more investment body and social funds should be absorbed into environmental protection field.
本文首先回顾了我国环境保护投融资机制从起步、发展到逐步完善的演进过程。并在此基础上、通过相关数据和资料,从投资结构、投融资主体及融资渠道、投资效果等几个方面对我国环境保护投融资现状进行了说明。并通过对现状的评析,总结出我国现阶段环境保护投融资机制还存在着投融资主体单一不足、融资渠道缺乏创新、投资运行效率有待提高等问题。
其次,针对我国环境保护投融资机制存在的问题,结合国家经济发展、环境保护、以及投融资体制改革的目标,提出了现阶段我国应建立一个“市场化、多元化”的环境保护投融资机制。环境保护投资领域范围很广、有一定的复杂性,决定了单一的投资主体和单一的投资渠道无法满足环境保护对资金的需求,所以应首先对环境保护投资项目进行区分,这是构建环境保护投融资机制的基础,投资主体应根据投资项目的内容和性质,各有侧重地进入适合自己的投资领域发挥作用,并应传统的融资渠道和方式的基础上,积极探索和创新融资渠道和手段,从而在不同的环境保护领域形成不同的投融资运作模式。在这一过程中,应充分发挥市场对资源和资金的配置作用,政府则应以制定政策和加强监管来推动环境保护市场化程度、吸引社会资金进入环保领域、提高环境保护投资效率,促进我国环境保护投融资的良性发展。
最后,文章提出现阶段要构建“以市场为主、政府为辅、多元化”的环境保护投融资机制,首先要界定各投资主体的环境事权,处理好政府与市场之间在环境保护投资中的关系;其次,要不断完善并创新多种融资渠道,加大资金的投入;最后,应继续完善并制定环境保护投融资相关的配套政策,吸引更多得投资主体和社会资金进入环境保护领域。
In recent years with the rapid development of economy,China's environmental pollution has become increasingly serious that it goes beyond what the economy can shoulder.It is clearly specified in the 11~(th) Five-Year Plan of National Economic and Social Development that an environment-friendly society is needed to promote the harmonious development between economy and environment.What is critical in environmental protection is investment and one severe issue facing China's environmental protection during "the 11~(th) Five-Year Plan" is the huge gap of funds.It is therefore of great realistic and historical significance to study systematically of China's investment and financing issues in environmental protection in order to set up as soon as possible and perfect the investment and financing mechanism in line with China's national conditions and characteristics,which will give great fund support to environmental protection and ensure the successful realization of the goals set in "the 11~(th) Five-Year Plan" and promote a sustainable,healthy as well as harmonious economic and social development in China.
The paper first of all looks back at the development of China's investment and financing mechanism in environmental protection from its start,development to its gradual improvement.Based on relevant data the paper states the present situation of China's investment and fund-raising in environmental protection from investment structure, investment body and financing channel,as well as investment effect.The paper concludes that the present mechanism has such problems as simplistic and inadequate investment and financing body,lack of innovation in investment channel and inefficient investment functioning.
Then in view of the existing problems together with economic development, environmental protection and goal of investment and financing system reform in China,the paper proposes that an investment and financing mechanism of environmental protection be set up which has the characteristics of market-orientation and pluralism.Because of the broad range in investment field and its complexity,the simplistic investment body and channel can not meet the demand of environmental protection for fund,so it is of first importance to distinguish investment projects,which is the basis for constructing a mechanism.Then according to the content and features of projects the investment body should have a play in the suitable field with its specific priority,and based on conventional financing channels and means,actively explore and innovate them so that different functioning modes of investment and financing can be formed in different environmental protection fields.In this process market should be given to its full play in allocating resources and funds and through policies and supervision government should push forward the marketing degree of environmental protection,absorb social funds into environmental field,improve investment efficiency and bring about a virtuous development of investment and financing in China's environmental protection.
Finally the paper puts forward that to construct an investment and financing mechanism of environmental protection with the features of "pluralism and market first,government second",the following things need to be dealt with correctly.First,make clear of the duties and responsibities of investment body and handle properly the relationship between government and market in investing in environmental protection.Second,various financing channels need to be innovated and perfected and investment enlarged.Last,auxiliary policies relevant to investment and financing should be formulated and improved,and more investment body and social funds should be absorbed into environmental protection field.
引文
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