CD250型复合折臂式擦窗机运动及整机结构有限元分析
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摘要
擦窗机是一种广泛应用于高层建筑的幕墙清洁及维护的专用设备,是现代高处清洗作业最理想、最安全、高效率、多功能的高空作业设备。在我国,随着高层建筑的增多,擦窗机的应用也越来越广泛。对其安全性,可靠性,经济性也提出更高的要求。然而,目前擦窗机设计中多凭借经验或粗略的手工计算完成,不能全面了解结构应力分布,致使结构设计不尽合理,既造成材料浪费和成本的增加,也为使用埋下了安全隐患。因此,以擦窗机整机作为研究对象,借助有限元方法对其静动态力学性能进行分析,为擦窗机设计,改造及合理使用提供科学的依据具有重要的理论和应用价值。
本文首先利用D-H法对擦窗机进行运动学分析,推导出工作点运动方程,为该机作业范围的确定,和后续研究中惯性载荷的计算奠定了基础。
选择擦窗机工作中三个危险工况,在深入研究ANSYS有限元分析中铰链自由度耦合处理,多种单元混合建模等技术的基础上,建立CD250型复合折臂式擦窗机整机有限元分析模型,并分别对三个危险工况多种载荷组合作用下擦窗机静变形及应力分布进行了分析。在满足强度和刚度的要求下为该机的改进设计提出了建议。
在静力分析的基础上,对该机进行模态分析,得到整机的前五阶固有振动频率及相应的主振型,分析了工作中各种动态载荷对整机振动的影响,为进一步提高该机的动态性能提供了理论依据。
As the most ideal, safe, efficient and multifunctional equipment, gondola is widely used in the cleaning and maintenance of glass curtain wall of high-rise buildings. In our country, gonloda is becoming a kind of necessary equipment for high-rise buildings. In the near future, more and more safe, reliable, economic gonlodas are needed with the increase of the high-rise buildings. However, the gondolas are designed to be rough on the manual calculation and the experience. During the design, the distribution of stress in the structure can not be known clearly and fully by engineers. This not only brings in some unreasonable structural, material waste and high manufacturing costs in the product of gonloda, but also causes many security problems. Therefore, it has important theoretical and applied value that the intergration finite element method is used to analyze the static and dynamic mechanical properties of whole gondola and provide a scientific basis for its design.
In this dissertation, the kinematics of gondola is analyzed through the D-H method firstly. The motion equations of operating point are derived. These equations provide a theroetical basis for determining the operation range of the gonloda and calculating the inertia loads in further studies.
Three dangerous work conditions are selected to study the static mechanical properties of the gondola. Based on study some key techniques of ANSYS, such as simulating hinge by coupled degree of freedoms, modeling complicated construction by mixed elements and so on, the interation finite element analysis model of goose-neck jib gondola CD250 is established. In three dangerous working conditions, the static deformation and stress distribution of the gondola with complex loads are analyzed. Some useful advices are presented for redesign.
Modal analysis of the gonloda is also carried out. The first five natural vibration frequencies and corresponding vibration mode of the whole equipment are obtained. The influences of all dynamic working loads on vibration are analyzed. This provides a theoretical basis for improving the dynamic performance of the gonloda.
本文首先利用D-H法对擦窗机进行运动学分析,推导出工作点运动方程,为该机作业范围的确定,和后续研究中惯性载荷的计算奠定了基础。
选择擦窗机工作中三个危险工况,在深入研究ANSYS有限元分析中铰链自由度耦合处理,多种单元混合建模等技术的基础上,建立CD250型复合折臂式擦窗机整机有限元分析模型,并分别对三个危险工况多种载荷组合作用下擦窗机静变形及应力分布进行了分析。在满足强度和刚度的要求下为该机的改进设计提出了建议。
在静力分析的基础上,对该机进行模态分析,得到整机的前五阶固有振动频率及相应的主振型,分析了工作中各种动态载荷对整机振动的影响,为进一步提高该机的动态性能提供了理论依据。
As the most ideal, safe, efficient and multifunctional equipment, gondola is widely used in the cleaning and maintenance of glass curtain wall of high-rise buildings. In our country, gonloda is becoming a kind of necessary equipment for high-rise buildings. In the near future, more and more safe, reliable, economic gonlodas are needed with the increase of the high-rise buildings. However, the gondolas are designed to be rough on the manual calculation and the experience. During the design, the distribution of stress in the structure can not be known clearly and fully by engineers. This not only brings in some unreasonable structural, material waste and high manufacturing costs in the product of gonloda, but also causes many security problems. Therefore, it has important theoretical and applied value that the intergration finite element method is used to analyze the static and dynamic mechanical properties of whole gondola and provide a scientific basis for its design.
In this dissertation, the kinematics of gondola is analyzed through the D-H method firstly. The motion equations of operating point are derived. These equations provide a theroetical basis for determining the operation range of the gonloda and calculating the inertia loads in further studies.
Three dangerous work conditions are selected to study the static mechanical properties of the gondola. Based on study some key techniques of ANSYS, such as simulating hinge by coupled degree of freedoms, modeling complicated construction by mixed elements and so on, the interation finite element analysis model of goose-neck jib gondola CD250 is established. In three dangerous working conditions, the static deformation and stress distribution of the gondola with complex loads are analyzed. Some useful advices are presented for redesign.
Modal analysis of the gonloda is also carried out. The first five natural vibration frequencies and corresponding vibration mode of the whole equipment are obtained. The influences of all dynamic working loads on vibration are analyzed. This provides a theoretical basis for improving the dynamic performance of the gonloda.
引文
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[8]陈玉峰.宋立权.韩文强.液压挖掘机工作装置运动与动力综合优化[J].建筑机械,2005.
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[22]叶先磊.史亚杰.ANSYS工程分析软件应用实例[M].北京:清华大学版社,2003.
[23]刘凌厉.QTJS 160T铁路起重机底架的有限元分析[D].成都:西南交通大学,2002.
[24]王国强.实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2000.
[25]吴功平.曹玉芬.肖晓辉.DBQ3000系列塔式起重机臂架销轴联接的三维有限元析[J].起重运输机械,2001(3).
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[30]姚俊.装载机工作装置摇臂的有限元分析及优化[J].工程机械,2000.
[31]侯保林.重载高速进料机械臂的有限元运动弹性静力分析[J].机械科学与技术,2001.
[32]陈国璋.起重机计算实例[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1998.
[33]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992.
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[35]GB/T.13752-92,塔式起重机设计规范[S].国家技术监督局,1993.
[36]钱光浩.基于ANSYS的龙门起重机门架结构动态设计与优化研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008.
[37]张建超.基于ANSYS的造桥机静力与风振分析[D].石家庄:石家庄铁道学院,2007.
[38]蒋红旗.GK214高空作业车作业臂有限元结构分析[D].福建:东南大学,2004.
[39]朱慧华.TC2400型塔带机结构有限元分析[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005.
[40]赵伟.王良文.徐中明等.塔式起重机整体结构有限元分析[J].机械与电子,2006(10):64-70.
[2]张华.薛抱新.肖小芬.何丽丽.我国高层建筑擦窗机的发展状况及趋势[J].建筑科学,1998,14(5).
[3]吴安.曹恩钦.刘运辉.一种折臂型高层建筑擦窗机的开发[J].建筑机械化,2007(7):46-47.
[4]张秀伟.GK212型高空作业车[J].工程机械,1999.
[5]李德平.GK219型高空作业车[J].工程机械,1995.
[6]宋又廉.挖掘机臂杆长度的运动学优化[J].机械设计,1999(4).
[7]王国强.实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践[M].西安:西北工大出版社,1999.
[8]陈玉峰.宋立权.韩文强.液压挖掘机工作装置运动与动力综合优化[J].建筑机械,2005.
[9]范进祯.张宝忠.秦贵林.挖掘机的运动字分析[J].煤矿机械,2004(12).
[10]许尚贤.机械设计中的有限元法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992.
[11]张国瑞.有限元法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992.
[12]孙菊芳.荣王伍.有限元法及其应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1990.
[13]龚曙光.ANSYS基础应用及范例解析附[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[14]刘涛.杨风鹏.精通ANSYS[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[15]赵汝嘉.机械结构有限元分析[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1990.
[16]王世忠.结构力学与有限元法[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003.
[17]谭建国.使用ANSYS6.0进行有限元分析[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1998.
[18]邓凡平.ANSYS10.0有限元分析自学手册[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[19]K.J.巴斯.工程分析中的有限元法[M].北京:机械工业出版社1991.
[20]S.S劳尔.工程中的有限元法.北京:科学出版社1991.
[21]夸克工作室.有限元分析基础篇ANSYS与Mathematics[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[22]叶先磊.史亚杰.ANSYS工程分析软件应用实例[M].北京:清华大学版社,2003.
[23]刘凌厉.QTJS 160T铁路起重机底架的有限元分析[D].成都:西南交通大学,2002.
[24]王国强.实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2000.
[25]吴功平.曹玉芬.肖晓辉.DBQ3000系列塔式起重机臂架销轴联接的三维有限元析[J].起重运输机械,2001(3).
[26]ANSYS,Inc Analysis Elements Reference.Ninth Edition.SAS,IP Inc.1997.
[27]ANSYS,Inc Analysis Guides first Edition.SAS,IP Inc.
[28]ANSYS,Inc Analysis Commands Reference.Ninth Edition.SAS,IP Inc.1997.
[29]P.G.Ciarlet FINITE ELEMENT MOTHODS[M],1991.
[30]姚俊.装载机工作装置摇臂的有限元分析及优化[J].工程机械,2000.
[31]侯保林.重载高速进料机械臂的有限元运动弹性静力分析[J].机械科学与技术,2001.
[32]陈国璋.起重机计算实例[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1998.
[33]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992.
[34]Yudewitz Norman,Continuous monitoring and analysis of multiposition and/or contact systems.Proceedings-Relay Conference,1984.
[35]GB/T.13752-92,塔式起重机设计规范[S].国家技术监督局,1993.
[36]钱光浩.基于ANSYS的龙门起重机门架结构动态设计与优化研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008.
[37]张建超.基于ANSYS的造桥机静力与风振分析[D].石家庄:石家庄铁道学院,2007.
[38]蒋红旗.GK214高空作业车作业臂有限元结构分析[D].福建:东南大学,2004.
[39]朱慧华.TC2400型塔带机结构有限元分析[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005.
[40]赵伟.王良文.徐中明等.塔式起重机整体结构有限元分析[J].机械与电子,2006(10):64-70.
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