穿越断层隧道震害机理以及抗减震技术研究
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摘要
通过对汶川地震震害调查,发现震区内各穿越断层隧道过断层段破坏情况较普通段严重,认为穿越断层隧道过断层段为震害设防之枢纽。本文对穿越断层隧道震害机理进行研究,针对实际断层地震响应的不同,机理分两个方面分析,即滑动断层震害机理以及非滑动断层震害机理。其中非滑动断层震害机理具体研究了断层破碎带宽度差异以及隧道埋深的不同对断层段隧道结构震害影响,提出了影响因素变化规律。滑动断层震害机理研究了地震导致的断层错动与地震惯性力二者对穿越断层隧道震害影响的不同,分清二者主次关系。还研究了断层错动方向差异对隧道影响的不同,提出最不利错动方向。同时,根据实际调查结果,分析了不同断层破碎带类型下隧道震害机理,为抗减震措施的提出提供了条件。另外,通过计算,确定隧道与断层平行情况下二者间安全距离,为抗减震设防提供了依据。同时,在机理研究成果基础之上研究了具有针对性的断层段隧道抗减震措施,即：研究了施作不同间距减震缝下穿越滑动断层隧道减震效果,分析出减震缝间距与减震效果间关系,提出最优减震效果间距；研究了初支二衬交错设缝减震效果,并对比单层设缝；研究了施做不同厚度减震层下穿越滑动断层隧道减震效果,提出最优减震层厚度；研究了接触注浆与深部注浆两种抗震措施,提出最优方案。
Wenchuan earthquake damage survey indicates that each tunnel through fault has more serious damage in fault section than common segment, so fault section is key point in seismic fortification. This paper studies seismic damage mechanism of tunnels through fault. Based on differences of fault seismic response, mechanism research includes two sections, one is slip fault seismic damage mechanism research, another is non-slip fault seismic damage mechanism research. In non-slip fault section, the through fault tunnel seismic damage influents of difference in fault width and tunnel depth is studied, and the variation is found. In slip fault section, the tunnel seismic damage influence between fault slip and seismic inertia force caused by earthquake is studied, and the primary factor is determined. The tunnel influence of different direction of fault slip is researched, and the most unfavorable slip direction is determined. According to the seismic damage survey, the seismic damage mechanism in multiple fault types is studied also, which provides different condition to fortify. In addition, the safety distance between tunnel and fault is determined by digital simulation in condition that tunnel is parallel to the fault, which provides the basis for fortification. On the basis of mechanism research, the fortification measures for different condition are studied. The damping effect between different spacing of damping seam is studied, and the best spacing for damping is determined. The damping effect of staggered damping seam is studied, in contrast to common damping seam. The damping effect between different thick of damping layer is studied, and the best thick for damping is determined. The two kinds of anti-seismic measures are studied:contact grouting and deep grouting, and the most effective kind is determined.
Wenchuan earthquake damage survey indicates that each tunnel through fault has more serious damage in fault section than common segment, so fault section is key point in seismic fortification. This paper studies seismic damage mechanism of tunnels through fault. Based on differences of fault seismic response, mechanism research includes two sections, one is slip fault seismic damage mechanism research, another is non-slip fault seismic damage mechanism research. In non-slip fault section, the through fault tunnel seismic damage influents of difference in fault width and tunnel depth is studied, and the variation is found. In slip fault section, the tunnel seismic damage influence between fault slip and seismic inertia force caused by earthquake is studied, and the primary factor is determined. The tunnel influence of different direction of fault slip is researched, and the most unfavorable slip direction is determined. According to the seismic damage survey, the seismic damage mechanism in multiple fault types is studied also, which provides different condition to fortify. In addition, the safety distance between tunnel and fault is determined by digital simulation in condition that tunnel is parallel to the fault, which provides the basis for fortification. On the basis of mechanism research, the fortification measures for different condition are studied. The damping effect between different spacing of damping seam is studied, and the best spacing for damping is determined. The damping effect of staggered damping seam is studied, in contrast to common damping seam. The damping effect between different thick of damping layer is studied, and the best thick for damping is determined. The two kinds of anti-seismic measures are studied:contact grouting and deep grouting, and the most effective kind is determined.
引文
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[19]李海波,马行东,李俊如等.地震荷载作用下地下岩体洞室位移特征的影响因素[J].岩土工程学报,2006,Vol.28(3)：358-362
[20]Fakhimi, R. Carvalho, T. Ishida and J. F. Labuz, Simulaion of failure around acircular opening in rock[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics&MiningSciences,2002, vol.39(4):507-515
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[24]庄海洋,陈国兴,梁艳仙,徐明.土体动非线性黏弹性模型及其ABAQUS软件的实现[J].岩土力学,2007,vol.28(3)：436-442
[25]庄海洋,陈国兴.双洞单轨地铁区间隧道非线性地震反应分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,Vol.26(2)：131-137
[26]H. HUO. A. Bobet, G. Fernandez and J. Ramirez, Load transfer mechanicsbetween underground structure and surrounding ground:evaluation of thefailure of the Daikai station[J], Journal of Geotechnical and GeoenvironmentalEngineering,2005, Vol.131(12):1522-1532
[27]刘晶波,王振宇,杜修力,杜义新.波动问题中的三维时域粘弹性人工边界[J].工程力学,2005,vol.22(6)：46-51
[28]刘晶波,李彬.三维黏弹性静.动力统-人工边界[J].中国科学E辑,2005,Vol.35(9)：966-980
[29]廖振鹏.工程波动理论导论(第二版)[M].科学出版社,2002,北京
[30]高峰,关宝树.沉管隧道三维地震反应分析[J].兰州铁道学院学报(自然科学版),2003,Vol.22(1)：6-10
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