多谐波源相互影响的配电网滤波装置优化配置
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摘要
随着环境保护、节能减排和可持续发展的要求，越来越多的新能源接入电力系统。大量电力电子技术的应用，使电力网络中的谐波源从传统用电负载蔓延到供电电源，共同构成电网的多谐波源，向电力系统注入了大量的谐波。谐波电流在电网的公共连接点相互影响，产生抵消、衰减或叠加等现象，谐波频谱发生了变化。为了抑制谐波对电力系统造成的危害，在多谐波源相互影响的背景下，本文研究了多谐波源相互影响的滤波装置优化配置。
本文通过MATLAB/simulink对不同频率、幅值和相位的谐波进行叠加仿真分析，得出谐波相互影响后谐波波形频谱的规律。并在对谐波状态估计后，找出不确定性谐波源发生的类型、位置和个数。对谐振现象产生的原理、谐振检测方法进行了分析，根据节点导纳矩阵特征值倒数得到的阻抗频谱曲线分析并联谐振，根据添加虚拟支路的回路阻抗分析串联谐振。
本文对滤波装置的分类以及在工程应用上的优缺点做了简单的介绍，为了达到滤波装置安全经济有效地抑制谐波的目的，在分析滤波装置和系统参数的基础上建立了目标函数和约束条件的数学模型。寻优算法采用改进的粒子群算法，该算法根据粒子群算法参数速度v和惯性因子ω的关系，提出时变的非线性三角函数方法来控制参数，加速了算法的收敛速度，防止陷入局部最优。本文最后采用滤波效果最好、经济性最优和滤波效果和经济性都好的三个方案对滤波装置进行优化配置。同时在考虑不确定性谐波对滤波装置的影响以及是否与系统发生谐振的情况下，采用谐振检测的原理对滤波器参数和安装位置进行了校验。并通过MATLAB仿真验证了改进的粒子群算法优化配置滤波装置参数和位置的有效性。
With the requirements of environmental protection, energy conservation andsustainable development, more and more new energy power have had access to powersystems. The application of a large amount of power electronics technology makes theharmonic source of electricity network spread from the traditional load of electricityto the power supply, which constitutes the multi-harmonic sources of electricitynetwork and injects a large quantity of harmonics to the power system. Harmoniccurrents interact with each other at the point common coupling, resulting in thephenomenon of offset, attenuate or superimpose, and so on, and the properties ofharmonic spectrum change. In order to suppress the damages to the power systemcaused by the harmonics, this thesis studies the optimal allocation of the filter in thecontext of the interaction of harmonic sources.
In this thesis, harmonics of different frequency, amplitude and phase areanalyzed through superimposing and emulating by using MATLAB/simulink, and thelaw of harmonic waveform spectrum after the interaction among harmonics isobtained. By estimating the states of harmonics, the type, location and the number ofthe uncertain harmonic sources are found. And the principle of resonance phenomenaand the resonance detection method are analyzed. The parallel resonance is analyzedaccording to the impedance spectrum curve made by inverse of the eigenvalue of thenodal admittance matrix, while the series resonance is based on adding virtual sliploop impedance.
The classification of the filtering devices and their advantages and disadvantagesin engineering applications are introduced briefly in this thesis. In order to suppressharmonic safely, economically and effectively by filtering devices, the mathematicalmodel of the objective function and constraint condition are build on the basis of theanalysis of the filter devices and system parameters. The improved particle swarmoptimization (PSO) is adopted by the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm.According to the relationship of the parametric speed v and the inertia factorωofPSO, the method of time-variant nonlinear trigonometric function is proposed tocontrol the parameters as a result of accelerating the convergence speed andpreventing from falling into local optimum. Finally, three programs of the bestfiltering effect, the optimum economical outcome and both of the previous two are put forward to optimize the allocation of the filter. At the same time, considering theuncertain harmonics’impact on the filtering devices and that whether they willperform resonance with the system, the principle of resonance detection method isadopted to validate the filter parameters and locations. And the effectiveness ofparameters and location of the filter device configured by the improved particleswarm optimization algorithm is verified by MATLAB simulation.
本文通过MATLAB/simulink对不同频率、幅值和相位的谐波进行叠加仿真分析，得出谐波相互影响后谐波波形频谱的规律。并在对谐波状态估计后，找出不确定性谐波源发生的类型、位置和个数。对谐振现象产生的原理、谐振检测方法进行了分析，根据节点导纳矩阵特征值倒数得到的阻抗频谱曲线分析并联谐振，根据添加虚拟支路的回路阻抗分析串联谐振。
本文对滤波装置的分类以及在工程应用上的优缺点做了简单的介绍，为了达到滤波装置安全经济有效地抑制谐波的目的，在分析滤波装置和系统参数的基础上建立了目标函数和约束条件的数学模型。寻优算法采用改进的粒子群算法，该算法根据粒子群算法参数速度v和惯性因子ω的关系，提出时变的非线性三角函数方法来控制参数，加速了算法的收敛速度，防止陷入局部最优。本文最后采用滤波效果最好、经济性最优和滤波效果和经济性都好的三个方案对滤波装置进行优化配置。同时在考虑不确定性谐波对滤波装置的影响以及是否与系统发生谐振的情况下，采用谐振检测的原理对滤波器参数和安装位置进行了校验。并通过MATLAB仿真验证了改进的粒子群算法优化配置滤波装置参数和位置的有效性。
With the requirements of environmental protection, energy conservation andsustainable development, more and more new energy power have had access to powersystems. The application of a large amount of power electronics technology makes theharmonic source of electricity network spread from the traditional load of electricityto the power supply, which constitutes the multi-harmonic sources of electricitynetwork and injects a large quantity of harmonics to the power system. Harmoniccurrents interact with each other at the point common coupling, resulting in thephenomenon of offset, attenuate or superimpose, and so on, and the properties ofharmonic spectrum change. In order to suppress the damages to the power systemcaused by the harmonics, this thesis studies the optimal allocation of the filter in thecontext of the interaction of harmonic sources.
In this thesis, harmonics of different frequency, amplitude and phase areanalyzed through superimposing and emulating by using MATLAB/simulink, and thelaw of harmonic waveform spectrum after the interaction among harmonics isobtained. By estimating the states of harmonics, the type, location and the number ofthe uncertain harmonic sources are found. And the principle of resonance phenomenaand the resonance detection method are analyzed. The parallel resonance is analyzedaccording to the impedance spectrum curve made by inverse of the eigenvalue of thenodal admittance matrix, while the series resonance is based on adding virtual sliploop impedance.
The classification of the filtering devices and their advantages and disadvantagesin engineering applications are introduced briefly in this thesis. In order to suppressharmonic safely, economically and effectively by filtering devices, the mathematicalmodel of the objective function and constraint condition are build on the basis of theanalysis of the filter devices and system parameters. The improved particle swarmoptimization (PSO) is adopted by the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm.According to the relationship of the parametric speed v and the inertia factorωofPSO, the method of time-variant nonlinear trigonometric function is proposed tocontrol the parameters as a result of accelerating the convergence speed andpreventing from falling into local optimum. Finally, three programs of the bestfiltering effect, the optimum economical outcome and both of the previous two are put forward to optimize the allocation of the filter. At the same time, considering theuncertain harmonics’impact on the filtering devices and that whether they willperform resonance with the system, the principle of resonance detection method isadopted to validate the filter parameters and locations. And the effectiveness ofparameters and location of the filter device configured by the improved particleswarm optimization algorithm is verified by MATLAB simulation.
引文
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[4] Bhowmik A, Maitra A, Halpin S M, et al. Determina-tion of AllowablePenetration Levels of Distributed Generation Resources Based on HarmonicLimit Considerations. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2003, 8(2):619-624
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[7]涂春鸣,盘宏斌,唐杰,等.企业配电网电能质量补偿系统的设计及应用.电网技术,2008,32(9):10-14
[8]翁利民,陈允平,舒立平.大型炼钢电弧炉对电网及自身的影响和抑制方案.电网技术,2004,28(2):64-67
[9]徐永海,肖湘宁,杨以涵,等.小波变换在电能质量分析中的应用.电力系统自动化,1999,23(23):55-58
[10]范瑞祥,孙旻,罗安,等.大容量整流负荷谐波和无功功率综合补偿装置设计.电网技术,2008,32(11):18-23
[11]陈璇,邵志兰,徐勇.TCR型动态无功静止补偿装置用于电力拖动.高电压技术,2002,28(10):52-53
[12]徐淑文,栾兆文.对电气化铁路所产生的谐波的研究.电力电容器,2007,28(3):40-44
[13]于庆广.电力系统电能质量监测系统的实现.仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6):1482-1483
[14]段晓波.解决高压电网谐波测量信号失真的新型测量系统与试验方法.电力设备,2005,6(6):37-39
[15]邓礼宽,姜新建,朱东起,等.APF和SVC联合运行的稳定控制.电力系统自动化,2005,29(18):29-32
[16] Dimeas A L, Hatziargyriou N D. Operation of a multi agent system for microgrid control. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 2005, 20(3):1447-1455
[17] Rivas D, Moran L, Dixon J W, et al. Improving passive filter compensationperformance with active techniques. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics,2003, 50(1):161-169
[18] Nikkhajoei H, Lasseter R H. Micro grid fault protection based on symmetrical.http://www.pserc.org/cgi-pserc/getbig/publicatio/2007public/microgridprotection-1.pdf.2006-12-01
[19] Karsten Kahle, Tomas Larsson. The new 150MVA, 18kV static compensation atCERN: background, design and compensation. In: 17thInternational Conferenceon Electricity Distribution, Barcelona, 2003
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