松辽盆地十屋油田W19井区泉头组二段油气藏特征及有利区域预测
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摘要
松辽盆地十屋油田经过多年的油气勘探，成为十屋地区主要的油气产能地之一，而W19、W20区块构造位于中央构造带四五家子构造上，W19区块是十屋油田现今的重点勘探地区。该区块含油层系以泉头组二段农安油层为主，埋深500~650m。随着W19井区油气勘探的不断深入和发展，许多基础地质问题变得十分突出，影响到生产和可持续发展。W19井区泉头组多口老井试油获得工业油气流，但长期以来未进行深入的地质研究，储层特征认识尚不清楚，油藏开发潜力认识尚不很明确，有必要进行地层对比、沉积微相、储层四性、构造圈闭等油气藏特征研究，并通过对以上油气藏特征的研究，进行W19井区油气藏有利区域的预测，从而为下一步开发打好基础。
一、研究方法
通过地震反射界面特征与地层界面岩性、岩相和测井变化对比分析，分析地层界面特征，确定泉头组地层对比标志层和辅助标志层，对地层进行划分，并进行地层厚度与地层含砂率研究。通过测井相分析、界面特征（岩性、测井、地震特征）分析及井-震特征对比分析，结合旋回分析，进行单井沉积微相的划分，在地层划分和对比以及单井沉积微相研究的基础上，进行以砂层组和主力小层为单位的沉积微相平面特征研究。通过对储层的岩性、物性、含油性和电性这四性关系的研究，利用测井参数计算的物性及含油性参数与岩心物性与含油性资料相结合的方法，实现储层物性及含油性的平面展布，研究其平面展布规律。通过地震剖面与现有的构造图相结合，绘制个砂层组顶面构造图，进而分析每一小层的构造圈闭特征。在上述工作的基础上，研究储层的有利区域，进行有利区域的预测。
二、地层对比与划分及沉积微相
对十屋油田W19井区泉头组二段的地层划分与对比，将泉头组二段划分为5个砂组，农I、农II、农III砂组均分别划分为4个小层，农I、农II、农III砂组叠加厚度表现为东薄西厚、北薄南厚。各砂组、小层间均有较稳定的泥岩隔层。各小层均出现有0砂体（砂体尖灭）的情况，其中农I砂组由于泥岩发育，其小层的0砂体出现较多，虽然砂体厚度不等，但延伸相对稳定。农II、农III砂组各小层在剖面上连通性较好。十屋油田W19井区泉头组二段以河流相为主，农I、农II砂组主要为曲流河相，点坝、天然堤、决口扇、河漫滩四种微相。农III砂组主要为辫状河相，辫状河道、心滩、河漫滩三种微相，其中农II、农III砂组时期发育的辫状河相为辫状河平原向曲流河转换的过渡阶段，因此，发育有河漫滩微相。研究区河道总体走向主要为北东-南西方向。沉积物源可能来自东北部的古隆起或西南隆起。
三、储层四性关系研究
泉二段发育的砂岩主要为粗粉砂岩和细砂岩。农I砂组以泥岩为主。农II砂组底部以砂岩为主；中、上部岩性以泥岩为主。农III砂组上部岩性以泥岩为主，下部岩性以砂岩为主。农Ⅳ砂组上部岩性以泥岩为主，中、下部岩性以砂岩为主。农Ⅴ砂组岩性组合为砂岩与泥岩互层。农安油层孔隙度集中在15%～25％，属中孔隙度储层。渗透率集中在10md～500md，属中低渗透率储层。农安气层孔隙度集中在15%～25%，属中孔隙度储层；渗透率集中在10md～500md，属中渗透率储层。农安油层储层孔隙度和渗透率对应关系较好，在纵向上孔隙度区域变化较小，而渗透率区域向上稍向北移。储层含油饱和度大于40%的区域从农Ⅴ砂组到农Ⅳ砂组有增大的趋势，从农III砂组到农II砂组有明显增大的趋势。农II砂组和农III砂组含油饱和度大于40%区域大，含油性好，为主力产油砂组。四、构造圈闭研究
梨树断陷W19井区农安油层是浅层油气层，主要受新构造期密集发育的浅层断裂所控制，而油气在浅层能否聚集成藏通常取决于是否存在沟通油源的深层主干断裂。在后期构造活动中，处于开启状态的深层主干断裂是优势油气运移的主要通道，在油气沿断裂向上发生运移的过程中，遇到合适的圈闭，就能聚集形成油气藏。区内正断层断裂较深的有F1、F4、F8、F9、F14。该区的西南部和东北部分别存在两个，轴向NE向的背斜构造高点，并且该区域断层较发育，断层对于油藏的分布起到了明显的控制作用。本区圈闭的控制因素主要有构造因素和岩性因素两种。其中构造因素是主要因素，为油气藏的形成提供了封闭的空间，而岩性因素为油气的运移和储存起到了必不可少的作用。在构造因素主导的情况下，岩性因素也对圈闭和油藏分布起到了控制作用。同时砂体厚度、储层物性、沉积相的发育以及岩性尖灭也影响了其油气成藏。五、有利区域预测
利用最小电阻率法结合沉积微相、储层四性关系及构造圈闭等油气藏特征研究进行储层有利区预测。农II砂组、农III砂组明显比农Ⅳ砂组、农Ⅴ砂组储油性好，农II砂组要比农III砂组储层储油性好。农II砂组、农III砂组为主力储层，储层有利区域西南部及中部要好于东北部。而主力含油小层以W77、W131、W42、W55井附近的区域为有利区域，储层有利区域集中在西南部。
Shiwu has become one of the most important oil fields after years of explorationin Songliao basin.The structural belts of W19and W20blocks locate in centralstructural belt. W19block is now the focus of the exploration area in Shiwu oil filed.Nongan reservoir of K1q2is the major oil bearing series in W19block, the burieddepth between500-600m. With the deepening of the oil and gas exploration anddevelopment of W19block, many basic geological problems become veryoutstanding, These problems are now affecting production and sustainabledevelopment. Many old wells of W19block obtained commercial hydrocarbon flowby oil production test in K1q2. No further geological research has been done for a longtime. Characteristics understanding and development potential of the reservoir and isnot clear. So that, the research of stratigraphic correlation, sedimentary micro-facies,litho-electricity correlation of reservoir and structural trap et al are necessary. Basedon these research, favorable region prediction of oil and gas reservoir is done to lay agood foundation for further development.
1. Method of the Research
Through the comparison and analysis of the characteristics of seismic reflectionand lithology, lithofacies and Well logging change of stratigraphic interfaces, thestrata interface characteristics are analysed. With Quantou formation contrast mainindex beds and assistant index beds are defined, the research of stratigraphicclassification and correlation, stratum thickness, sandstone percent are made.Combined with cycle analysis, the analysis of well logging facies, the interfacefeatures (lithology, well logging and seismic features) and the comparative analysis ofthe well drilling and seismic characteristics, the single well of sedimentarymicrofacies division is made. On the basis of stratigraphic classification and contrastand single well of sedimentary microfacies research, the planiform character ofsedimentary microfacies is made with the sand formation and main small layer as theunit. Through the research of the relationship of the four properties, the reservoirlithology, physical properties, oil content and electrical properties, by use of thephysical properties calculated by the logging data and the combination of oil-bearingparameters and core property and oil-bearing material, and it realized the planedistribution of the reservoir physical property and oil-bearing properties, and the planedistribution rule is researched. Through combination of the seismic section and theexisting structure maps, draw a structure diagram of the top of sand formation, andanalyzes the structural trap features of each small layer. Based on the above work,study the favorable reservoir area and make favorable area forecast.
2.Stratigraphic division and correlation and Microfacies
Stratigraphic division and correlation of K1q2of W19Block in Shiwu oilfield,Made K1q2to devided into5sand group, The sand groups of N1and N2and N3weredivided into four small layers, The overlay thickness of three sand groups is thickenedfrom east to West and from north to south. Every sand group and small layer has. Astable inter layer of mudstone Each layer has a phenomenon of0sand body (sandbody wedge out).Due to the development of mudstone in the sand group of Nong I,small layers has more phenomenons of0sand body. Sand body features is not stablethickness and stable extensions. On the secetion each small layer Shows goodconnectivity in the sand groups of N2and N3. The main Characteristics ofsedimentary facies of K1q2are fluvial facies. The sand groups of Nong I Shows fourmicrofacies. They include Meandering river, point bars, natural levees,crevasse-splays flood plain. The sand groups of N2and N3Shows braided stream.They Show three micro facies arebraided streamand Heart beach and flood plain. N2and N3sand group during the development of braided river braided river plain to themeandering river of transition stage The whole Extension direction is NE-SW In theresearch area range. The source of Sediment. The source of Sediment May be comesfrom Northeast of uplift or Southwest of the uplift.
3. Application of four reservoir correlations
Crude siltstone and fine sandstone is the main sandstone in K1q2. The N1formation consists dominantly of mudstone. The N2formation consists dominantlysandstone in the lower part and mudstone in the middle-upper part. The N3formationconsists dominantly sandstone in the lower part and mudstone in the upper part. TheN4formation consists dominantly sandstone in the middle-lower part and mudstonein the upper part. The N5formation are composed of sandstones and mudstone. TheNong’an oil reservoir belong to the medium porosity and low permeability ones,being of porosities of15%～25％and permeabilities of10md～500md in general.The Nong’an gas reservoir belong to the medium porosity and low permeability ones,being of porosities of15%～25％and permeabilities of10md～500md in general.The corresponding relation between the abnormal porosity and permeability ofNong’an reservoir are preferably well. on its longitudinal section porosities showedlittle change and permeabilities move northwards from the bottom up. Oil saturationin reservoir more than40%of zone have increasing trend from N5toN4, that haveincreasing trend significantly from N3to N2. Oil saturation in reservoir more than40%of N2and N3,wide and well oil-bearing reservoir, are main oil layer.
4. Research of structural traps
Nong’an oil layer of W19Well area in Lishu faulted depression is Shallow oiland gas reservoir. It is mainly affected by the dense development region ShallowFracture Network during neotectonic period. Oil and gas accumulation in the shallowlayer usually depends on whether there are deep main faults for linking reservoir. Inthe later structure activity, the deep main faults at the open state are the major channelfor hydrocarbon migration. Suitable trap can aggregate to form oil and gas reservoirs when it migration up along faults. Deep normal faults have F1、F4、F8、F9、F14inthe study area. There are two high anticlines which locate in the southwest andnortheast of study area respectively. The regional faults are developed which for thedistribution of reservoir has obvious control function. The control factors of traps arestructure and lithology. The structure is the main factor which for the reservoirprovides an enclosed space. The lithology plays an indispensable role of hydrocarbonmigration, storage, traps and the distribution of reservoir. Sand thickness, reservoirphysical property, sedimentary facies distribution and lithologic pinch out influence ofoil and gas reservoir too.
5. Favorable area prediction
Use the characteristics of reservoir, least resistivity method combiningsedimentary facies, four-property of oil reservior and structural traps, for predictionfavorable areas. As the main reservoir of sand group N2and N3are better than N4and N4. Sand group N2is better than N3. The southwest and central of favorable areais better than the northeast.
一、研究方法
通过地震反射界面特征与地层界面岩性、岩相和测井变化对比分析，分析地层界面特征，确定泉头组地层对比标志层和辅助标志层，对地层进行划分，并进行地层厚度与地层含砂率研究。通过测井相分析、界面特征（岩性、测井、地震特征）分析及井-震特征对比分析，结合旋回分析，进行单井沉积微相的划分，在地层划分和对比以及单井沉积微相研究的基础上，进行以砂层组和主力小层为单位的沉积微相平面特征研究。通过对储层的岩性、物性、含油性和电性这四性关系的研究，利用测井参数计算的物性及含油性参数与岩心物性与含油性资料相结合的方法，实现储层物性及含油性的平面展布，研究其平面展布规律。通过地震剖面与现有的构造图相结合，绘制个砂层组顶面构造图，进而分析每一小层的构造圈闭特征。在上述工作的基础上，研究储层的有利区域，进行有利区域的预测。
二、地层对比与划分及沉积微相
对十屋油田W19井区泉头组二段的地层划分与对比，将泉头组二段划分为5个砂组，农I、农II、农III砂组均分别划分为4个小层，农I、农II、农III砂组叠加厚度表现为东薄西厚、北薄南厚。各砂组、小层间均有较稳定的泥岩隔层。各小层均出现有0砂体（砂体尖灭）的情况，其中农I砂组由于泥岩发育，其小层的0砂体出现较多，虽然砂体厚度不等，但延伸相对稳定。农II、农III砂组各小层在剖面上连通性较好。十屋油田W19井区泉头组二段以河流相为主，农I、农II砂组主要为曲流河相，点坝、天然堤、决口扇、河漫滩四种微相。农III砂组主要为辫状河相，辫状河道、心滩、河漫滩三种微相，其中农II、农III砂组时期发育的辫状河相为辫状河平原向曲流河转换的过渡阶段，因此，发育有河漫滩微相。研究区河道总体走向主要为北东-南西方向。沉积物源可能来自东北部的古隆起或西南隆起。
三、储层四性关系研究
泉二段发育的砂岩主要为粗粉砂岩和细砂岩。农I砂组以泥岩为主。农II砂组底部以砂岩为主；中、上部岩性以泥岩为主。农III砂组上部岩性以泥岩为主，下部岩性以砂岩为主。农Ⅳ砂组上部岩性以泥岩为主，中、下部岩性以砂岩为主。农Ⅴ砂组岩性组合为砂岩与泥岩互层。农安油层孔隙度集中在15%～25％，属中孔隙度储层。渗透率集中在10md～500md，属中低渗透率储层。农安气层孔隙度集中在15%～25%，属中孔隙度储层；渗透率集中在10md～500md，属中渗透率储层。农安油层储层孔隙度和渗透率对应关系较好，在纵向上孔隙度区域变化较小，而渗透率区域向上稍向北移。储层含油饱和度大于40%的区域从农Ⅴ砂组到农Ⅳ砂组有增大的趋势，从农III砂组到农II砂组有明显增大的趋势。农II砂组和农III砂组含油饱和度大于40%区域大，含油性好，为主力产油砂组。四、构造圈闭研究
梨树断陷W19井区农安油层是浅层油气层，主要受新构造期密集发育的浅层断裂所控制，而油气在浅层能否聚集成藏通常取决于是否存在沟通油源的深层主干断裂。在后期构造活动中，处于开启状态的深层主干断裂是优势油气运移的主要通道，在油气沿断裂向上发生运移的过程中，遇到合适的圈闭，就能聚集形成油气藏。区内正断层断裂较深的有F1、F4、F8、F9、F14。该区的西南部和东北部分别存在两个，轴向NE向的背斜构造高点，并且该区域断层较发育，断层对于油藏的分布起到了明显的控制作用。本区圈闭的控制因素主要有构造因素和岩性因素两种。其中构造因素是主要因素，为油气藏的形成提供了封闭的空间，而岩性因素为油气的运移和储存起到了必不可少的作用。在构造因素主导的情况下，岩性因素也对圈闭和油藏分布起到了控制作用。同时砂体厚度、储层物性、沉积相的发育以及岩性尖灭也影响了其油气成藏。五、有利区域预测
利用最小电阻率法结合沉积微相、储层四性关系及构造圈闭等油气藏特征研究进行储层有利区预测。农II砂组、农III砂组明显比农Ⅳ砂组、农Ⅴ砂组储油性好，农II砂组要比农III砂组储层储油性好。农II砂组、农III砂组为主力储层，储层有利区域西南部及中部要好于东北部。而主力含油小层以W77、W131、W42、W55井附近的区域为有利区域，储层有利区域集中在西南部。
Shiwu has become one of the most important oil fields after years of explorationin Songliao basin.The structural belts of W19and W20blocks locate in centralstructural belt. W19block is now the focus of the exploration area in Shiwu oil filed.Nongan reservoir of K1q2is the major oil bearing series in W19block, the burieddepth between500-600m. With the deepening of the oil and gas exploration anddevelopment of W19block, many basic geological problems become veryoutstanding, These problems are now affecting production and sustainabledevelopment. Many old wells of W19block obtained commercial hydrocarbon flowby oil production test in K1q2. No further geological research has been done for a longtime. Characteristics understanding and development potential of the reservoir and isnot clear. So that, the research of stratigraphic correlation, sedimentary micro-facies,litho-electricity correlation of reservoir and structural trap et al are necessary. Basedon these research, favorable region prediction of oil and gas reservoir is done to lay agood foundation for further development.
1. Method of the Research
Through the comparison and analysis of the characteristics of seismic reflectionand lithology, lithofacies and Well logging change of stratigraphic interfaces, thestrata interface characteristics are analysed. With Quantou formation contrast mainindex beds and assistant index beds are defined, the research of stratigraphicclassification and correlation, stratum thickness, sandstone percent are made.Combined with cycle analysis, the analysis of well logging facies, the interfacefeatures (lithology, well logging and seismic features) and the comparative analysis ofthe well drilling and seismic characteristics, the single well of sedimentarymicrofacies division is made. On the basis of stratigraphic classification and contrastand single well of sedimentary microfacies research, the planiform character ofsedimentary microfacies is made with the sand formation and main small layer as theunit. Through the research of the relationship of the four properties, the reservoirlithology, physical properties, oil content and electrical properties, by use of thephysical properties calculated by the logging data and the combination of oil-bearingparameters and core property and oil-bearing material, and it realized the planedistribution of the reservoir physical property and oil-bearing properties, and the planedistribution rule is researched. Through combination of the seismic section and theexisting structure maps, draw a structure diagram of the top of sand formation, andanalyzes the structural trap features of each small layer. Based on the above work,study the favorable reservoir area and make favorable area forecast.
2.Stratigraphic division and correlation and Microfacies
Stratigraphic division and correlation of K1q2of W19Block in Shiwu oilfield,Made K1q2to devided into5sand group, The sand groups of N1and N2and N3weredivided into four small layers, The overlay thickness of three sand groups is thickenedfrom east to West and from north to south. Every sand group and small layer has. Astable inter layer of mudstone Each layer has a phenomenon of0sand body (sandbody wedge out).Due to the development of mudstone in the sand group of Nong I,small layers has more phenomenons of0sand body. Sand body features is not stablethickness and stable extensions. On the secetion each small layer Shows goodconnectivity in the sand groups of N2and N3. The main Characteristics ofsedimentary facies of K1q2are fluvial facies. The sand groups of Nong I Shows fourmicrofacies. They include Meandering river, point bars, natural levees,crevasse-splays flood plain. The sand groups of N2and N3Shows braided stream.They Show three micro facies arebraided streamand Heart beach and flood plain. N2and N3sand group during the development of braided river braided river plain to themeandering river of transition stage The whole Extension direction is NE-SW In theresearch area range. The source of Sediment. The source of Sediment May be comesfrom Northeast of uplift or Southwest of the uplift.
3. Application of four reservoir correlations
Crude siltstone and fine sandstone is the main sandstone in K1q2. The N1formation consists dominantly of mudstone. The N2formation consists dominantlysandstone in the lower part and mudstone in the middle-upper part. The N3formationconsists dominantly sandstone in the lower part and mudstone in the upper part. TheN4formation consists dominantly sandstone in the middle-lower part and mudstonein the upper part. The N5formation are composed of sandstones and mudstone. TheNong’an oil reservoir belong to the medium porosity and low permeability ones,being of porosities of15%～25％and permeabilities of10md～500md in general.The Nong’an gas reservoir belong to the medium porosity and low permeability ones,being of porosities of15%～25％and permeabilities of10md～500md in general.The corresponding relation between the abnormal porosity and permeability ofNong’an reservoir are preferably well. on its longitudinal section porosities showedlittle change and permeabilities move northwards from the bottom up. Oil saturationin reservoir more than40%of zone have increasing trend from N5toN4, that haveincreasing trend significantly from N3to N2. Oil saturation in reservoir more than40%of N2and N3,wide and well oil-bearing reservoir, are main oil layer.
4. Research of structural traps
Nong’an oil layer of W19Well area in Lishu faulted depression is Shallow oiland gas reservoir. It is mainly affected by the dense development region ShallowFracture Network during neotectonic period. Oil and gas accumulation in the shallowlayer usually depends on whether there are deep main faults for linking reservoir. Inthe later structure activity, the deep main faults at the open state are the major channelfor hydrocarbon migration. Suitable trap can aggregate to form oil and gas reservoirs when it migration up along faults. Deep normal faults have F1、F4、F8、F9、F14inthe study area. There are two high anticlines which locate in the southwest andnortheast of study area respectively. The regional faults are developed which for thedistribution of reservoir has obvious control function. The control factors of traps arestructure and lithology. The structure is the main factor which for the reservoirprovides an enclosed space. The lithology plays an indispensable role of hydrocarbonmigration, storage, traps and the distribution of reservoir. Sand thickness, reservoirphysical property, sedimentary facies distribution and lithologic pinch out influence ofoil and gas reservoir too.
5. Favorable area prediction
Use the characteristics of reservoir, least resistivity method combiningsedimentary facies, four-property of oil reservior and structural traps, for predictionfavorable areas. As the main reservoir of sand group N2and N3are better than N4and N4. Sand group N2is better than N3. The southwest and central of favorable areais better than the northeast.
引文
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