糖脂平干预痰瘀互阻型代谢综合征的临床研究
|
摘要
代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome, MS)是多重心血管代谢危险因素在同一个体内聚集状态,糖尿病和心血管疾病是其主要的临床后果。近年来,代谢综合征的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,成为威胁公众健康的重大疾病。因此,探寻代谢综合征的发病机理和寻求积极有效的防治措施是当前医学领域重点关注的课题。
本论文分为中西医文献综述和临床研究两部分。中医文献综述从病名、病因、病机、辨证论治等方面概述了近年来中医药治疗代谢综合征的研究进展；西医综述从流行病学、发病机制、诊断标准和防治等方面概述了现代医学对此病的研究进展。
临床研究部分：目的：客观评价糖脂平干预痰瘀互阻型代谢综合征的临床疗效。方法：采用随机、对照的研究方法将符合标准的62例MS患者分为中药治疗组(31例)和对照组(31例),对照组予以MS知识宣教,口服二甲双胍肠溶片,中药治疗组在MS知识宣教的基础上加服糖脂平,疗程3个月,观察治疗前后两组空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、,总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、甘油三酯(TG)、血压(SBP、DBP).腰围(WC)、体重、体重指数(BMI)和中医症状积分的变化情况；结果：糖脂平可以有效改善MS患者临床症状,中医证候疗效总有效率中药治疗组为86.67%,对照组为50.0%(P<0.05)；中药治疗组在治疗后能降低FPG、2hPG、HbAlc、FINS,降低TC、TG、LDL,降低收缩压,减轻体重,改善胰岛素抵抗,尤其在调节血脂,降低收缩压和改善临床症状方面优于对照组((P<0.05)),整个治疗期间,中药治疗组未出现任何不良反应；结论：糖脂平可以有效调节痰瘀互阻型MS患者糖脂紊乱,是治疗MS安全有效的复方。
Metabolic syndrome(MS) is a condition which is associated with increase cardiovascu-lar disease. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are its main clinical consequences. In recent years, MS has become a major disease affecting human health and increased year by year. Therefore, detecting and diagnosing MS in the early stages, exploring the pathogenesis and seeking effective prevention is the current topic focus on for medical field.
This paper is divided into two parts, the first part is traditional Chinese and Western medicine literature review, the second one is clinical research.The Chinese Medicine literature review is about the recent progress of MS from disease name, etiology, pathogenesis and syndrome differentiation and treatment, while the other one summarizes the modern medicine research progress of the disease, including the epidemiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis standard and prevention and treatment methods.
Clinical research part:Objective:To objectively evaluate clinical efficacy for tangzhiping on phlegm and blood stasis syndrome of MS patient;Methods:By the randomized,control studies,62cases of MS patients who met the research standards were divided into two groupsrthe TCM treatment group (31patients)and the control group(31patients),MS knowledge education were given to the control group,with taking metformin tablets,while the same measures to TCM treatment group,besides taking tangzhiping particles. Fasting blood glucose (FPG),2hours plasma glucose (2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc), fasting insulin (FINS),homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood pressure (SBP, DBP),total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoprotein(LDL), highdensity lipoprotein(HDL), triglyceride(TG), waist circumference(WC), weight, body mass index(BMI) and the clinical symptoms changes were compared between two groups after three months; Results:Tangzhiping can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of MS patients,the total efficiency of treatments groups on TCM syndrome was as high as86.67%,which was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),TCM treatment group can reduce FPG,2hPG,HbAlc, FINS,reduce TC, TG, LDL, decrease systolic blood pressure,reduce weight, improve insulin resistance;especially in blood-lipid regulation, systolic blood pressure decreased, clinical symptoms improvement were significantly better than the control group (P<0.05)).During the studies,the TCM treatment group did not show any adverse reactions and side effects;Conclusion:Tangzhiping particles can significantly regulate glucose-lipid disorder on MS patients belongs to phlegm and blood stasis syndrome,it is a safe and effective compound.
本论文分为中西医文献综述和临床研究两部分。中医文献综述从病名、病因、病机、辨证论治等方面概述了近年来中医药治疗代谢综合征的研究进展；西医综述从流行病学、发病机制、诊断标准和防治等方面概述了现代医学对此病的研究进展。
临床研究部分：目的：客观评价糖脂平干预痰瘀互阻型代谢综合征的临床疗效。方法：采用随机、对照的研究方法将符合标准的62例MS患者分为中药治疗组(31例)和对照组(31例),对照组予以MS知识宣教,口服二甲双胍肠溶片,中药治疗组在MS知识宣教的基础上加服糖脂平,疗程3个月,观察治疗前后两组空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、,总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、甘油三酯(TG)、血压(SBP、DBP).腰围(WC)、体重、体重指数(BMI)和中医症状积分的变化情况；结果：糖脂平可以有效改善MS患者临床症状,中医证候疗效总有效率中药治疗组为86.67%,对照组为50.0%(P<0.05)；中药治疗组在治疗后能降低FPG、2hPG、HbAlc、FINS,降低TC、TG、LDL,降低收缩压,减轻体重,改善胰岛素抵抗,尤其在调节血脂,降低收缩压和改善临床症状方面优于对照组((P<0.05)),整个治疗期间,中药治疗组未出现任何不良反应；结论：糖脂平可以有效调节痰瘀互阻型MS患者糖脂紊乱,是治疗MS安全有效的复方。
Metabolic syndrome(MS) is a condition which is associated with increase cardiovascu-lar disease. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are its main clinical consequences. In recent years, MS has become a major disease affecting human health and increased year by year. Therefore, detecting and diagnosing MS in the early stages, exploring the pathogenesis and seeking effective prevention is the current topic focus on for medical field.
This paper is divided into two parts, the first part is traditional Chinese and Western medicine literature review, the second one is clinical research.The Chinese Medicine literature review is about the recent progress of MS from disease name, etiology, pathogenesis and syndrome differentiation and treatment, while the other one summarizes the modern medicine research progress of the disease, including the epidemiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis standard and prevention and treatment methods.
Clinical research part:Objective:To objectively evaluate clinical efficacy for tangzhiping on phlegm and blood stasis syndrome of MS patient;Methods:By the randomized,control studies,62cases of MS patients who met the research standards were divided into two groupsrthe TCM treatment group (31patients)and the control group(31patients),MS knowledge education were given to the control group,with taking metformin tablets,while the same measures to TCM treatment group,besides taking tangzhiping particles. Fasting blood glucose (FPG),2hours plasma glucose (2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc), fasting insulin (FINS),homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood pressure (SBP, DBP),total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoprotein(LDL), highdensity lipoprotein(HDL), triglyceride(TG), waist circumference(WC), weight, body mass index(BMI) and the clinical symptoms changes were compared between two groups after three months; Results:Tangzhiping can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of MS patients,the total efficiency of treatments groups on TCM syndrome was as high as86.67%,which was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),TCM treatment group can reduce FPG,2hPG,HbAlc, FINS,reduce TC, TG, LDL, decrease systolic blood pressure,reduce weight, improve insulin resistance;especially in blood-lipid regulation, systolic blood pressure decreased, clinical symptoms improvement were significantly better than the control group (P<0.05)).During the studies,the TCM treatment group did not show any adverse reactions and side effects;Conclusion:Tangzhiping particles can significantly regulate glucose-lipid disorder on MS patients belongs to phlegm and blood stasis syndrome,it is a safe and effective compound.
引文
[1]刘雄,石孟琼,罗涛,等.中西医对代谢综合征的认识及其防治[J].湖北中医杂志,2011,33(7)：27.
[2]张倩.中医论治代谢综合征的研究进展[J].环球中医药,2011,4(2)：159-160.
[3]刘喜明.中医研究代谢综合征存在的几个关键科学问题与阐释[J].世界中西医结志,2010,5(5)：369-371.
[4]刘喜明,仝小林,王朋倩.试论“膏浊”致病论[J].世界中西医结合杂志,2009,4(12)：839.
[5]陈洁.化痰祛瘀法治疗代谢综合征32例[J].辽宁中医杂志,2006,33(1)：61.
[6]仝小林,段军.代谢综合征的中医认识和治疗[J].中日友好医院学报,2002,16(5-6)：347-350.
[7]宋新安,张兆航,郭太山.从脂肥论治代谢综合征[J].光明中医,2011,26(4)：801.
[8]徐远.中医治疗代谢综合征的思路与方法[J].中医杂志,2003,44(4)：301-302.
[9]徐秀秀,姚淮芳.代谢综合征中医辨证研究[J].中国民族民间医药,2010,(2)：8.
[10]陈妍妍.代谢综合征研究评述[J].中医学报,2011,5(26)：567.
[11]王琦,叶加农,朱燕波,等.中医痰湿体质的判定标准研究[J].中华中医药,2006,21(2)：73-74.
[12]林飞,赵长安,赵涛,等.代谢综合征中医辨证的研究概况[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2008,10(2)：148-149.
[13]吕崇山,李学军.代谢综合征的病因病机探讨[J].光明中医,2008,23(11)：1651.
[14]王德玉,徐志瑛.论肝与代谢综合征[J].浙江中西医结合杂志,2004,14(1)：23.
[15]葛伟,欧阳钢.代谢综合征中医证型研究概况[J].河北中医,2011,33(7)：1097.
[16]马丽,王先敏,金洪元.金洪元教授辨治代谢综合征辨证思想及临证经验[J].新疆中医药,2011,29(2)：42-43.
[17]张晓燕.试论肝脾与代谢综合征的关系[J].山东中医药大报,2005,29(1)：20.
[18]司福全.中医对代谢综合征的认识与防治[J].辽宁中医杂,2006,33(9)：1107.
[19]赵志英.自拟温阳消浊饮加二甲双胍治疗脾肾阳虚型代谢综合征临床观察[J].北京中医药,2008,27(8)：622.
[20]王兵.老年代谢综合征的中医辨治特点[J].中华中医药学刊,2011,29(4)：839-840.
[21]周春友,石岩.中医学对代谢综合征的认识和治疗[J].吉林中医药,2008,28(2)：90.
[22]刘卫红,张蕾,颜贤忠,等.以三焦气化理论指导脂代谢紊乱等代谢性疾病的治疗[J].辽宁中医杂志,2011,38(1)：42-43.
[23]韩景献.“三焦气化失常-衰老”相关论[J].中医杂志,2008,49(3)：200-202.
[24]张剑.从三焦与“毒”探讨代谢综合征[J].中医杂志,2007,48(6)：487.
[25]刘荣东,黄如萍.痰证与代谢综合征关系的探讨[J].中国中医基础医学杂 志,2006,12(12)：947-948.
[26]徐业,黄文.浅谈中医整体观在代谢综合征认识中的运用[J].国际中医中药杂志,2006,28(1)：37-39.
[27]李庆生.诊治代谢综合征应重视痰瘀互结[J].云南中医中医杂志,2007,28(2)：2-5.
[28]宰军华,孙利军,李桓.从痰凝血瘀探析代谢综合征的发病机制[J].中医学报,2011,2(26)：175.
[29]高彦彬.古今糖尿病医论医案选[M].北京：人民军医出版社,2005：194-210.
[30]高彦彬,倪青,周雪忠,等.基于无尺度网络分析的2型糖尿病代谢综合征方-药-证关系[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2006,13(11)：22.
[31]高彦彬,陈世波,倪青.基于个体化诊疗平台2型糖尿病代谢综合征证候规律研究[J].2007,14(11)：20.
[32]汤小虎,邓中甲,唐辉.代谢综合征的中医认识及治疗[J].中医研究,2007,20(5)：6.
[33]刘志龙,李锡杰.浅谈代谢综合征的辨证论治[J].新中医,2007,39(3)：89.
[34]黄淑芳,梁纪文.代谢综合征的中医治疗[J].中国临床医生,2010,38(6)：18-19.
[35]肖月星,林兰,倪青.代谢综合征的中医认识与治疗思路[J].中国中医基础学,2007,13(7)：539.
[36]叶程程,黄琦,王东.代谢综合征中医证候分析及与胰岛素抵抗相关性研究[J].中华中医药学刊,2011,29(8)：1874-1875.
[37]郎宁,刘贵阳.代谢综合征证治探讨[J].中医药学刊,2005,23(7)：1289-1290.
[38]张默,郭宏敏.代谢综合征各组分的中医药治疗[J].中医学报,2010,25(148)：427.
[39]方剑锋,李赛美,陈瑞芳,等.从“治未病”探讨代谢综合征的防治思路[J].新中医,2009,41(3)：5-7.
[40]王建峰,陈燕,王苗娟,等.从“治未病”理念探讨代谢综合征的分型防治[J].浙江中西医结合杂志,2011,21(4)：274-275.
[41]钱俊英,雷念东,周爱萍.未病先防是预防控制疾病的基本指导思想[J].陕西中医,2011,32(1)：124-125.
[42]王琦,李英帅.中医对代谢综合征的认识及辩治探讨(下)[J].浙江中医杂志,2006,41(11)：624.
[43]方剑锋,李赛美,林士毅,等.降糖三黄片对热瘀互结型代谢综合征的影响[J].中医杂志,2010,51(7)：608-610.
[44]连凤梅,仝小林,徐立鹏,等.降浊清肝方治疗高血压伴代谢综合征的临床研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2011,17(6)：649-651.
[45]刘敏,叶小萍.中医综合治疗代谢综合征患者血清生化指标的改善状况[J].检验医学,2011,26(4)：247-248.
[46]高彦彬,周晖.化瘀降浊合剂对代谢综合征患者糖脂代谢的影响[J].天津中 药,2008,25(5)：365-366.
[47]任昶,张蓉洲,高永辉.清瘀化浊汤对代谢综合征大鼠血清C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-旺及白细胞介素-6表达的影响[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2011,20(23)：2879.
[48]刘荣东,黄如萍,张玉辉,等.加味半夏白术天麻汤对痰湿壅盛型代谢综合征的影响[J].中华中医药学刊,2008,26(10)：2243-2244.
[49]宋桂叶,王利民.加味黄连温胆汤治疗代谢综合征疗效观察[J].陕西中医,2011,32(8)：972-973.
[50]练建红,张玉辉,张飞燕.加味温胆汤对代谢综合征痰湿内阻证胰岛素抵抗的影响[J].新中医,2011,43(8)：52-53.
[51]陈国辉,黄文凤.黄芪的化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].中国新药杂志,2008,17(7)：1483-1485.
[52]仝欣.黄芪主要活性成分的药理作用[J].时珍国医国药,2011,22(5)：1247-1248.
[53]李阳革.黄芪对心血管保护的药理作用和临床应用进展[J].中国实用医药,2009,4(7)：149-150.
[54]杨勇,丁晓刚.黄连素的十大药理功能[J].科技信息,2008(5)：19-20.
[55]张瑞芬,苏和.黄连的药理研究进展[J].内蒙古中医药,2010,3：114-116.
[56]杨萍.黄连素临床应用及研究的新进展[J].天津药学,2011,23(3)：70-71.
[57]丁霞,吴水生.泽泻的研究进展[J].中医药信息,2008,25(5)：20-21.
[58]禹建春,叶红梅,林西西.泽泻的药理研究概况[J].海峡药学,2011,23(2)：93.
[59]王玉兰.茵陈药材的研究进展及前景展望[J].内蒙古石油化工,2009,19：28.
[60]孙涛,陈炜.茵陈药理作用研究进展[J].2010,1(3)：59-60.
[61]沈飞海,吕俊华,潘竞锵.茵陈蒿提取物对胰岛素抵抗性大鼠脂肪肝调脂保肝作用及机制研究[J].中成药,2008,30(1)：28.
[62]耿鹏,石倩,杨洋.桑白皮生物碱绿茶茶多酚的联合降糖作用[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版),2011,44(3)：77-78.
[63]周吉银,王稳,周世文.桑的不同药用部位的药理作用研究进展[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2009,28(12)：896-897.
[64]谢惠萍,刘以农,郭明.桑叶提取物降血脂作用的动物实验研究[J].中国现代医药杂志,2006,8(11)：49.
[65]赵建国,张培,牛博真.针刺干预代谢综合征短期疗效的临床研究[J].中西医结合心脑血管病杂志,2010,8(10)：1169-1170.
[66]欧阳钢,苏琳,徐小梅.针刺干预对代谢综合征脂肪含量及生化代谢的影响[J].上海针灸杂志,2009,28(1)：22.
[67]鞠传慧,余芝,徐斌.针灸对肥胖及其并发症的调节作用[J].中医药学报,2010,38(3)：45-47.
[68]解秸萍,刘桂玲,乔晋琳,等.电针丰隆穴调节血脂的多中心随机对照研究[J].中国针灸,2009,29(5)：346-34.
[1]Grundy SM,Cleeman JI,Daniels SR,et al.Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syn-drome:an American heart association national heart,Iung and blood institute scientific statem-ent[J].Circulation,2005,112(17):2735-2752.
[2]Sharma AM,Chetty VT.Obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance[J].Acta-Diabetol,200-5,42:S3-S8.
[3]Carr DB,Utzschneider KM,Hull RL,et al.Intra-abdominal fat is a major determinant of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-Ⅲ criteria for the metabolic syndrome[J].Diabetes,2004,53:2087-2094.
[4]Eckle RH,Grundy SM,Zimmet PZ.The metabolism syndrome[J].lancet,2005,365:1415.
[5]International Diabetes Federation:The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabo-lic syndrome(online).http://www.idf.org/web data/docs/metabolic Syndrome def.pdf.(October 19,2005).
[6]Earl SF, Wayne HGPrevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults:findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey[J].JAMA,2002,287:356-359.
[7]Jorgensen ME,Jerregaard PB,GyntelbergF,et al.Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome am-ong the Inuit in Greenland:a comparison between two proposed definitions[J].Diabetic Medi-cine,2004,21:1237-1242.
[8]Choi KM,Kim SM,Kim YE,et al.Prevalence and cardiovascular disease risk of the metabo-lic syndrome using National Cholesterol Education Program and International Diabetes Fede-ration definitions in the Korean population[J].Metabolism,2007,56(4):552-55.
[9]顾东风,Rernolds,杨文杰,等.中国成人代谢综合征的患病率[J].中国糖尿病杂志,2005,13(3)：181-186.
[10]GU Dongfeng,Reynolds K,WU Xigui,et al.Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and overweight Among Adults in China[J].Lancet,2005,365:1398-140.
[11]李岩,赵冬,王薇.中国11省市35-64岁人群应用不同代谢综合征诊断标准的比较[J].中华流行病学杂志,2007,28(1)：83-87.
[12]张仁汉,向小平,宁心惠,等.北京市城区中老年居民代谢综合征的患病现况及危险因素分析[J].临床合理用药,2011,4(5)：18-120.
[13]杨巧媛,蒋义国,刘世明.广州市成年人代谢综合征患病情况的调查[J].中国预防医学杂志,2010,11(2)：166-168.
[14]邵月琴,向芳,祝丽芳,等.上海市近郊地区35-74岁居民代谢综合征的流行特征调查分析[J].中国全科医学,2011,14(6C)：2069-2071.
[15]Chuang S,Chen C,Tsai S,et al.Clinical identification of the metabolic syndrome in Kinm-en[J].Acta Cardiol Sin,2002,18:16-23.
[16]李济宾,张熙,古萍,等.广州市部分职业人群代谢综合征的现况[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2008,16(6)：646-647.
[17]Khader Y,Bateiha A,EI-Khateeb M,et al.High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome amo-ng Northern Jordanians[J].JDC,2007,21(4):214-219.
[18]Despres JP. Is visceral obesity the cause of the metabolic syndrome [J]. Ann Med,2006,38 (1):52-63.
[19]贾伟平.代谢综合征与胰岛素抵抗[J].中华妇产科杂志,2004,39(9)：643-645.
[20]Tohru F. Metabolic syndrome:Clinical concept and molecular basis[J]. Ann Med,2007,39 (7):482-494.
[21]Prieur X,Roszer T,RicoteM.Lipotoxicity in macrophages:evidence from diseases associa-ted with the metabolic syndrome[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2010,1801(3):327-337.
[22]Singh B,Arora S,GoswamiB,et al.Metabolic syndrome:A review of emerging markers and management J]. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome:Clinical Research and Reviews,2009,3(4): 240-254.
[23]Liu S,Okada T,Assmann A,et al.Insulin Signaling Regulates Mitochondrial Function in pancreatic beta-Cells[J].PLoS One,2009,4(11):7983.
[24]Whaley Connell A,Sowers JR.Hypertension and insulin resistance [J].Hypertension,2009, 54(3):462.
[25]Susan EW,Laura LG,Mitchell SW.Adipose tissue:The new endocrine organ? A review art-icle[J].Dig Dis Sci,2009,54 (9):1847-1857.
[26]Wang ZV,Scherer PE.Adiponectin, cardiovascular function and hypertension[J].Hyperten-sion,2008,51:8-14.
[27]Eduardo J,Viviane Z,Marco L,et al.Adiponectin inhibits pro-inflammatory signaling in human macrophages independently of interleukin-10[J].J Biol Chem,2009,18(16):1-20.
[28]Xydakist AM,Case CC,Jones PH,et al.Adiponectin,imflammation,and the expression of the metabolic syndrome in obese individuals:the impact of rapid eight loss through caloric re-striction[J]JCEM,2004,89:2697-2703.
[29]Lele RD,Joshi SR,Gupte A..Association of adipocytokines leptin,adiponectinTNF-α insulinand proinsulin with diabetes the Mumbai Obesity Project(MOP) [J].JAssoc Physicians India,2006,54:689-696.
[30]Bernhard I,Vitolds M,Andreas S,et al.Plasma adiponectin levels and sonographic phenol types of subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis data from the SAPHIR study[J].Stroke,2005, 36(12):2577-2582.
[31]陈蕾,项坤三,贾伟平,等.血清脂联素浓度与体脂分布及葡萄糖钳夹试验中胰岛素敏感性的关系[J].中华医学杂志,2005,85(21)：1456-1459.
[32]Frystyk J,Berne C,Berglund L,et al.Serum adiponectin is a predictor of coronary heart disease:a population based 10-year follow up study in elderly men[J].JCEM,2007,49:531-538.
[33]Kusminski CM,Scherer PE.The road from discovery to clinic:Adiponectin as a biomarker of metabolic status[J].Clin Pharmacol Ther,2009,86(6):592-595.
[34]侯振江,侯建章.瘦素与代谢综合征[J].检验医学教育,2011,18(2)：39.
[35]Kieffer TJ,Habener JF.The adipoin sular axis:effects of leptin on pancreatic beta-cells[J]. Am J Physiol Endocinol Metab,2000,278(1):E1-E14.
[36]Anubhut,Arora S.Leptin and its metabolic interactions an up-date[J].Diabetes Obes Metab, 2008,10(11):973-993.
[37]Vasselli JR.Behavioral and biological deteminants of leptin resi stance [J]. Appetite,2007, 37(2):115-117.
[38]张莉,柳涛,郑培永.瘦素抵抗与胰岛素抵抗[J].世界华人消化杂志,2009,17(15)：1534-1539.
[39]De Luca C,Olefsky JM.Inflammation and insulin resistance[J].FEBS Letters,2008,582(1): 97-105.
[40]Pittas AG,Joseph NA,Greenberg AS.Adipocytokines and insulin resistance[J].JC in Endo-crinol Metab,2004,89(2):447-452.
[41]Willerson JT,Ridker PM.Inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor[J].Circulati-On,200-4,109(Suppl2):2-10.
[42]马东兵,张立萍,杨惠珍.炎性因子与代谢综合征患者靶器官损害的关系[J].中国医药导报,2009,6(33)：136-137.
[43]Rosmond R.Role of stress in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome[J].Psychoneur-oendocrinology,2005,30(1):1-9.
[44]Rosano GM,Vitale C,Silvestri A,et al.The metabolic syndrome in women:implications for therapy[J].Int J Clin Pract Suppl,2004,139:20-25.
[45]罗樱樱,纪立农.代谢综合征与遗传[J].医学与哲学.2009,30(1)：18-20.
[46]Groop L,Orho Melander M.The dysmetabolic syndrome[J].Intern Med,2001,250:106.
[47]Hunt KJ,Heiss G,Sholinsky PD.Familial history of metabolic disorders and the multiple metabolic syndrome:the NHLBI family heart study[J].Genet Epidemiol,2000,19:395.
[48]Margarita Teran-Garcia,Claude Bouchard.Genetics of the Metabolic Syndrome[J].Appl Phsiol Nutr Metab,2007,32:89-114.
[49]Balkau B,Charles MA.Comments on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the study of Insulin Resistance[J].Diabetic Med,1999,16:442-443.
[50]Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on dete-ction,envaluation,and tresatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment Panel Ⅲ).Final report[J].Circul,2002,106:3143-3421.
[51]中华医学会糖尿病学分会代谢综合征研究协作组.中华医学会糖尿病学分会关于代谢综合征的建议[J].中华糖尿病杂志,2004,12(3)：156-161.
[52]Zimmet P,Magliano D,Matsuzawa Y,et al.The metabolic syndrome:a global public health problem and a new definition[J].Atheroscler Thromb,2005,(12):295.
[53]Alberti KG,Eckel RH,Grundy SM,et al.Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome:a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention;National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute;American Heart Association;World Heart Federation;International Atherosclerosis Society;and International Association for the Study of Obesity[J].Circulation,2009,120(16):1640.
[54]International Diabetes Federation.Diabetes Atlas[M].2nded.Brussels,Belgium,2003:2.
[55]Di Bonito P,De Natale C,Salvatore T,et al.Management of type 2 diabetic patients attend-ing diabetic outpatient clinics compared with those cared for by the general practitioners:an experience of integrated diabetes management[J].Ann Ist Super Sanita,2009,45(2):162.
[56]Duncan GE,Anton SD,Sydeman SJ,et al.Prescribing exercise at varied levels of intensity and frequency:arandomized trial[J].Arch Intern Med,2005,165(20):2362-2369.
[57]《中国糖尿病医学营养治疗指南》编写组.2010.《中国糖尿病医学营养治疗指南》北京：科学出版社,2010：15-19.
[58]赵水平.代谢综合征诊断与治疗的思考[J].临床心血管病杂志,2006,22(6)：321-322.
[59]Ruhla S,Weickert MO,Arafat AM,et al.A high normal TSH is associated with the meta-bolic syndrome[J].Clin Endocrinol,2009,(10):1.
[60]中国成人血脂异常防治指南制订联合委员会.中国成人血脂异常防治指南[J].中华心血管病杂志,2007,35(5)：390-441.
[61]European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation.ESC/EAS Guidli-nes for the management of dyslipidaemias:the Task Force for the management of dyslipidae-mias of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)[J].Eur Heart J,2011,32(14):1769-1818.
[62]Mancia G,De Backer G,Dominiczak A.2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension:The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)[J].Eur Heart J,2007,28:1462-1536.
[63]Tota-Maharaj R,Defilippis AP,Blumenthal RS,et al.A practical approach to the metabolic syndrome:Review of current concepts and management[J].Curr Opin Cardiol,2010,25(5):502.
[64]Margolis DJ,Hoffstad O,Strom BL.Association between serious ischemic cardiac outco- es and medications used to treat diabetes[J].Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf,2008,17(8):753.
[65]Nathan DM,Buse JB,DavidsonMB,et al.Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes:A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy a consensus state-ment of the American diabetes association and the European associateon for the study of diabetes[J].Diabetes Care,2009,32:193-203.
[66]Retterstel K.Taspoglutide:a long acting human glucagon-like polypeptide-1 analogue[J]. Expert Opin Investig Drugs,2009,18(9):1405-1411.
[67]Tassoni E,Conti R,Gallo G,et al.Aminocarnitine ureidic derivatives as inhibitors of carni-tine palmitoyltransferase I[J].Chem Med Chem,2010,5(5):666-669.
[68]Sarabu R,Berthel SJ,Kester RF.Novel glucokinase activators:apatent review(2008-2010) [J].Expert Opin TherPat,2011,21(1):13-33.
[69]Wiernsperger N,Rapin J.Trace elements in glucometabolic disorders:an update[J].Diabetic Metab Syndr,2010,(2):70.
[1]Alberti KG, Zimnlet P, Sha WJ. The metabolic syndrome a new world-wide definition[J]. Lancet,2005,366(9491):1059-1062.
[2]徐成斌.代谢综合征(2)[J].中国医刊,2005,40(3)：130-133.
[3]Grundy SM,Hansen B.Clinical management of metabolic syndrome:report of American Hear Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/Amercian diabetes association conference on scientific issues related to management [J].Circulation,2004,109:551-556.
[4]高彦彬.络病与糖尿病慢性并发症[J].北京中医药大学学报(中医临床版),2008,15(3)：17-18.
[5]高彦彬,周晖,罗文益,等.2型糖尿病合并代谢综合征中医证候演变规律研究[J].北京中医药大学学报(中医临床版),2009,16(6)：2-3.
[6]倪青,高彦彬,陈世波,等.2型糖尿病合并代谢综合征患者并发症特征分析[J].中医杂志,2007,48(9)：809-811.
[7]高彦彬,周晖,关松,等.中药糖脂平胶囊干预糖耐量低减的临床研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,2007,30(12)：846-849.
[8]周晖,高彦彬.糖脂平合剂对代谢综合征患者血管内皮功能的影响[J].北京中医药,2011,30(12)：918-920.
[9]林长青,高彦彬,刘桂芳,等.糖脂平胶囊对胰岛素抵抗大鼠脂联素表达的影响[J].陕西中医药,2009,30(5)：617-619.
[10]李步满,高彦彬,吴丽丽,等.糖脂平对2型糖尿病大鼠糖、脂毒性及胰腺组织氧化应激的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2011,17(14)：139-143.
[2]张倩.中医论治代谢综合征的研究进展[J].环球中医药,2011,4(2)：159-160.
[3]刘喜明.中医研究代谢综合征存在的几个关键科学问题与阐释[J].世界中西医结志,2010,5(5)：369-371.
[4]刘喜明,仝小林,王朋倩.试论“膏浊”致病论[J].世界中西医结合杂志,2009,4(12)：839.
[5]陈洁.化痰祛瘀法治疗代谢综合征32例[J].辽宁中医杂志,2006,33(1)：61.
[6]仝小林,段军.代谢综合征的中医认识和治疗[J].中日友好医院学报,2002,16(5-6)：347-350.
[7]宋新安,张兆航,郭太山.从脂肥论治代谢综合征[J].光明中医,2011,26(4)：801.
[8]徐远.中医治疗代谢综合征的思路与方法[J].中医杂志,2003,44(4)：301-302.
[9]徐秀秀,姚淮芳.代谢综合征中医辨证研究[J].中国民族民间医药,2010,(2)：8.
[10]陈妍妍.代谢综合征研究评述[J].中医学报,2011,5(26)：567.
[11]王琦,叶加农,朱燕波,等.中医痰湿体质的判定标准研究[J].中华中医药,2006,21(2)：73-74.
[12]林飞,赵长安,赵涛,等.代谢综合征中医辨证的研究概况[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2008,10(2)：148-149.
[13]吕崇山,李学军.代谢综合征的病因病机探讨[J].光明中医,2008,23(11)：1651.
[14]王德玉,徐志瑛.论肝与代谢综合征[J].浙江中西医结合杂志,2004,14(1)：23.
[15]葛伟,欧阳钢.代谢综合征中医证型研究概况[J].河北中医,2011,33(7)：1097.
[16]马丽,王先敏,金洪元.金洪元教授辨治代谢综合征辨证思想及临证经验[J].新疆中医药,2011,29(2)：42-43.
[17]张晓燕.试论肝脾与代谢综合征的关系[J].山东中医药大报,2005,29(1)：20.
[18]司福全.中医对代谢综合征的认识与防治[J].辽宁中医杂,2006,33(9)：1107.
[19]赵志英.自拟温阳消浊饮加二甲双胍治疗脾肾阳虚型代谢综合征临床观察[J].北京中医药,2008,27(8)：622.
[20]王兵.老年代谢综合征的中医辨治特点[J].中华中医药学刊,2011,29(4)：839-840.
[21]周春友,石岩.中医学对代谢综合征的认识和治疗[J].吉林中医药,2008,28(2)：90.
[22]刘卫红,张蕾,颜贤忠,等.以三焦气化理论指导脂代谢紊乱等代谢性疾病的治疗[J].辽宁中医杂志,2011,38(1)：42-43.
[23]韩景献.“三焦气化失常-衰老”相关论[J].中医杂志,2008,49(3)：200-202.
[24]张剑.从三焦与“毒”探讨代谢综合征[J].中医杂志,2007,48(6)：487.
[25]刘荣东,黄如萍.痰证与代谢综合征关系的探讨[J].中国中医基础医学杂 志,2006,12(12)：947-948.
[26]徐业,黄文.浅谈中医整体观在代谢综合征认识中的运用[J].国际中医中药杂志,2006,28(1)：37-39.
[27]李庆生.诊治代谢综合征应重视痰瘀互结[J].云南中医中医杂志,2007,28(2)：2-5.
[28]宰军华,孙利军,李桓.从痰凝血瘀探析代谢综合征的发病机制[J].中医学报,2011,2(26)：175.
[29]高彦彬.古今糖尿病医论医案选[M].北京：人民军医出版社,2005：194-210.
[30]高彦彬,倪青,周雪忠,等.基于无尺度网络分析的2型糖尿病代谢综合征方-药-证关系[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2006,13(11)：22.
[31]高彦彬,陈世波,倪青.基于个体化诊疗平台2型糖尿病代谢综合征证候规律研究[J].2007,14(11)：20.
[32]汤小虎,邓中甲,唐辉.代谢综合征的中医认识及治疗[J].中医研究,2007,20(5)：6.
[33]刘志龙,李锡杰.浅谈代谢综合征的辨证论治[J].新中医,2007,39(3)：89.
[34]黄淑芳,梁纪文.代谢综合征的中医治疗[J].中国临床医生,2010,38(6)：18-19.
[35]肖月星,林兰,倪青.代谢综合征的中医认识与治疗思路[J].中国中医基础学,2007,13(7)：539.
[36]叶程程,黄琦,王东.代谢综合征中医证候分析及与胰岛素抵抗相关性研究[J].中华中医药学刊,2011,29(8)：1874-1875.
[37]郎宁,刘贵阳.代谢综合征证治探讨[J].中医药学刊,2005,23(7)：1289-1290.
[38]张默,郭宏敏.代谢综合征各组分的中医药治疗[J].中医学报,2010,25(148)：427.
[39]方剑锋,李赛美,陈瑞芳,等.从“治未病”探讨代谢综合征的防治思路[J].新中医,2009,41(3)：5-7.
[40]王建峰,陈燕,王苗娟,等.从“治未病”理念探讨代谢综合征的分型防治[J].浙江中西医结合杂志,2011,21(4)：274-275.
[41]钱俊英,雷念东,周爱萍.未病先防是预防控制疾病的基本指导思想[J].陕西中医,2011,32(1)：124-125.
[42]王琦,李英帅.中医对代谢综合征的认识及辩治探讨(下)[J].浙江中医杂志,2006,41(11)：624.
[43]方剑锋,李赛美,林士毅,等.降糖三黄片对热瘀互结型代谢综合征的影响[J].中医杂志,2010,51(7)：608-610.
[44]连凤梅,仝小林,徐立鹏,等.降浊清肝方治疗高血压伴代谢综合征的临床研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2011,17(6)：649-651.
[45]刘敏,叶小萍.中医综合治疗代谢综合征患者血清生化指标的改善状况[J].检验医学,2011,26(4)：247-248.
[46]高彦彬,周晖.化瘀降浊合剂对代谢综合征患者糖脂代谢的影响[J].天津中 药,2008,25(5)：365-366.
[47]任昶,张蓉洲,高永辉.清瘀化浊汤对代谢综合征大鼠血清C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-旺及白细胞介素-6表达的影响[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2011,20(23)：2879.
[48]刘荣东,黄如萍,张玉辉,等.加味半夏白术天麻汤对痰湿壅盛型代谢综合征的影响[J].中华中医药学刊,2008,26(10)：2243-2244.
[49]宋桂叶,王利民.加味黄连温胆汤治疗代谢综合征疗效观察[J].陕西中医,2011,32(8)：972-973.
[50]练建红,张玉辉,张飞燕.加味温胆汤对代谢综合征痰湿内阻证胰岛素抵抗的影响[J].新中医,2011,43(8)：52-53.
[51]陈国辉,黄文凤.黄芪的化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].中国新药杂志,2008,17(7)：1483-1485.
[52]仝欣.黄芪主要活性成分的药理作用[J].时珍国医国药,2011,22(5)：1247-1248.
[53]李阳革.黄芪对心血管保护的药理作用和临床应用进展[J].中国实用医药,2009,4(7)：149-150.
[54]杨勇,丁晓刚.黄连素的十大药理功能[J].科技信息,2008(5)：19-20.
[55]张瑞芬,苏和.黄连的药理研究进展[J].内蒙古中医药,2010,3：114-116.
[56]杨萍.黄连素临床应用及研究的新进展[J].天津药学,2011,23(3)：70-71.
[57]丁霞,吴水生.泽泻的研究进展[J].中医药信息,2008,25(5)：20-21.
[58]禹建春,叶红梅,林西西.泽泻的药理研究概况[J].海峡药学,2011,23(2)：93.
[59]王玉兰.茵陈药材的研究进展及前景展望[J].内蒙古石油化工,2009,19：28.
[60]孙涛,陈炜.茵陈药理作用研究进展[J].2010,1(3)：59-60.
[61]沈飞海,吕俊华,潘竞锵.茵陈蒿提取物对胰岛素抵抗性大鼠脂肪肝调脂保肝作用及机制研究[J].中成药,2008,30(1)：28.
[62]耿鹏,石倩,杨洋.桑白皮生物碱绿茶茶多酚的联合降糖作用[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版),2011,44(3)：77-78.
[63]周吉银,王稳,周世文.桑的不同药用部位的药理作用研究进展[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2009,28(12)：896-897.
[64]谢惠萍,刘以农,郭明.桑叶提取物降血脂作用的动物实验研究[J].中国现代医药杂志,2006,8(11)：49.
[65]赵建国,张培,牛博真.针刺干预代谢综合征短期疗效的临床研究[J].中西医结合心脑血管病杂志,2010,8(10)：1169-1170.
[66]欧阳钢,苏琳,徐小梅.针刺干预对代谢综合征脂肪含量及生化代谢的影响[J].上海针灸杂志,2009,28(1)：22.
[67]鞠传慧,余芝,徐斌.针灸对肥胖及其并发症的调节作用[J].中医药学报,2010,38(3)：45-47.
[68]解秸萍,刘桂玲,乔晋琳,等.电针丰隆穴调节血脂的多中心随机对照研究[J].中国针灸,2009,29(5)：346-34.
[1]Grundy SM,Cleeman JI,Daniels SR,et al.Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syn-drome:an American heart association national heart,Iung and blood institute scientific statem-ent[J].Circulation,2005,112(17):2735-2752.
[2]Sharma AM,Chetty VT.Obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance[J].Acta-Diabetol,200-5,42:S3-S8.
[3]Carr DB,Utzschneider KM,Hull RL,et al.Intra-abdominal fat is a major determinant of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-Ⅲ criteria for the metabolic syndrome[J].Diabetes,2004,53:2087-2094.
[4]Eckle RH,Grundy SM,Zimmet PZ.The metabolism syndrome[J].lancet,2005,365:1415.
[5]International Diabetes Federation:The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabo-lic syndrome(online).http://www.idf.org/web data/docs/metabolic Syndrome def.pdf.(October 19,2005).
[6]Earl SF, Wayne HGPrevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults:findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey[J].JAMA,2002,287:356-359.
[7]Jorgensen ME,Jerregaard PB,GyntelbergF,et al.Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome am-ong the Inuit in Greenland:a comparison between two proposed definitions[J].Diabetic Medi-cine,2004,21:1237-1242.
[8]Choi KM,Kim SM,Kim YE,et al.Prevalence and cardiovascular disease risk of the metabo-lic syndrome using National Cholesterol Education Program and International Diabetes Fede-ration definitions in the Korean population[J].Metabolism,2007,56(4):552-55.
[9]顾东风,Rernolds,杨文杰,等.中国成人代谢综合征的患病率[J].中国糖尿病杂志,2005,13(3)：181-186.
[10]GU Dongfeng,Reynolds K,WU Xigui,et al.Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and overweight Among Adults in China[J].Lancet,2005,365:1398-140.
[11]李岩,赵冬,王薇.中国11省市35-64岁人群应用不同代谢综合征诊断标准的比较[J].中华流行病学杂志,2007,28(1)：83-87.
[12]张仁汉,向小平,宁心惠,等.北京市城区中老年居民代谢综合征的患病现况及危险因素分析[J].临床合理用药,2011,4(5)：18-120.
[13]杨巧媛,蒋义国,刘世明.广州市成年人代谢综合征患病情况的调查[J].中国预防医学杂志,2010,11(2)：166-168.
[14]邵月琴,向芳,祝丽芳,等.上海市近郊地区35-74岁居民代谢综合征的流行特征调查分析[J].中国全科医学,2011,14(6C)：2069-2071.
[15]Chuang S,Chen C,Tsai S,et al.Clinical identification of the metabolic syndrome in Kinm-en[J].Acta Cardiol Sin,2002,18:16-23.
[16]李济宾,张熙,古萍,等.广州市部分职业人群代谢综合征的现况[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2008,16(6)：646-647.
[17]Khader Y,Bateiha A,EI-Khateeb M,et al.High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome amo-ng Northern Jordanians[J].JDC,2007,21(4):214-219.
[18]Despres JP. Is visceral obesity the cause of the metabolic syndrome [J]. Ann Med,2006,38 (1):52-63.
[19]贾伟平.代谢综合征与胰岛素抵抗[J].中华妇产科杂志,2004,39(9)：643-645.
[20]Tohru F. Metabolic syndrome:Clinical concept and molecular basis[J]. Ann Med,2007,39 (7):482-494.
[21]Prieur X,Roszer T,RicoteM.Lipotoxicity in macrophages:evidence from diseases associa-ted with the metabolic syndrome[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2010,1801(3):327-337.
[22]Singh B,Arora S,GoswamiB,et al.Metabolic syndrome:A review of emerging markers and management J]. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome:Clinical Research and Reviews,2009,3(4): 240-254.
[23]Liu S,Okada T,Assmann A,et al.Insulin Signaling Regulates Mitochondrial Function in pancreatic beta-Cells[J].PLoS One,2009,4(11):7983.
[24]Whaley Connell A,Sowers JR.Hypertension and insulin resistance [J].Hypertension,2009, 54(3):462.
[25]Susan EW,Laura LG,Mitchell SW.Adipose tissue:The new endocrine organ? A review art-icle[J].Dig Dis Sci,2009,54 (9):1847-1857.
[26]Wang ZV,Scherer PE.Adiponectin, cardiovascular function and hypertension[J].Hyperten-sion,2008,51:8-14.
[27]Eduardo J,Viviane Z,Marco L,et al.Adiponectin inhibits pro-inflammatory signaling in human macrophages independently of interleukin-10[J].J Biol Chem,2009,18(16):1-20.
[28]Xydakist AM,Case CC,Jones PH,et al.Adiponectin,imflammation,and the expression of the metabolic syndrome in obese individuals:the impact of rapid eight loss through caloric re-striction[J]JCEM,2004,89:2697-2703.
[29]Lele RD,Joshi SR,Gupte A..Association of adipocytokines leptin,adiponectinTNF-α insulinand proinsulin with diabetes the Mumbai Obesity Project(MOP) [J].JAssoc Physicians India,2006,54:689-696.
[30]Bernhard I,Vitolds M,Andreas S,et al.Plasma adiponectin levels and sonographic phenol types of subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis data from the SAPHIR study[J].Stroke,2005, 36(12):2577-2582.
[31]陈蕾,项坤三,贾伟平,等.血清脂联素浓度与体脂分布及葡萄糖钳夹试验中胰岛素敏感性的关系[J].中华医学杂志,2005,85(21)：1456-1459.
[32]Frystyk J,Berne C,Berglund L,et al.Serum adiponectin is a predictor of coronary heart disease:a population based 10-year follow up study in elderly men[J].JCEM,2007,49:531-538.
[33]Kusminski CM,Scherer PE.The road from discovery to clinic:Adiponectin as a biomarker of metabolic status[J].Clin Pharmacol Ther,2009,86(6):592-595.
[34]侯振江,侯建章.瘦素与代谢综合征[J].检验医学教育,2011,18(2)：39.
[35]Kieffer TJ,Habener JF.The adipoin sular axis:effects of leptin on pancreatic beta-cells[J]. Am J Physiol Endocinol Metab,2000,278(1):E1-E14.
[36]Anubhut,Arora S.Leptin and its metabolic interactions an up-date[J].Diabetes Obes Metab, 2008,10(11):973-993.
[37]Vasselli JR.Behavioral and biological deteminants of leptin resi stance [J]. Appetite,2007, 37(2):115-117.
[38]张莉,柳涛,郑培永.瘦素抵抗与胰岛素抵抗[J].世界华人消化杂志,2009,17(15)：1534-1539.
[39]De Luca C,Olefsky JM.Inflammation and insulin resistance[J].FEBS Letters,2008,582(1): 97-105.
[40]Pittas AG,Joseph NA,Greenberg AS.Adipocytokines and insulin resistance[J].JC in Endo-crinol Metab,2004,89(2):447-452.
[41]Willerson JT,Ridker PM.Inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor[J].Circulati-On,200-4,109(Suppl2):2-10.
[42]马东兵,张立萍,杨惠珍.炎性因子与代谢综合征患者靶器官损害的关系[J].中国医药导报,2009,6(33)：136-137.
[43]Rosmond R.Role of stress in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome[J].Psychoneur-oendocrinology,2005,30(1):1-9.
[44]Rosano GM,Vitale C,Silvestri A,et al.The metabolic syndrome in women:implications for therapy[J].Int J Clin Pract Suppl,2004,139:20-25.
[45]罗樱樱,纪立农.代谢综合征与遗传[J].医学与哲学.2009,30(1)：18-20.
[46]Groop L,Orho Melander M.The dysmetabolic syndrome[J].Intern Med,2001,250:106.
[47]Hunt KJ,Heiss G,Sholinsky PD.Familial history of metabolic disorders and the multiple metabolic syndrome:the NHLBI family heart study[J].Genet Epidemiol,2000,19:395.
[48]Margarita Teran-Garcia,Claude Bouchard.Genetics of the Metabolic Syndrome[J].Appl Phsiol Nutr Metab,2007,32:89-114.
[49]Balkau B,Charles MA.Comments on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the study of Insulin Resistance[J].Diabetic Med,1999,16:442-443.
[50]Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on dete-ction,envaluation,and tresatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment Panel Ⅲ).Final report[J].Circul,2002,106:3143-3421.
[51]中华医学会糖尿病学分会代谢综合征研究协作组.中华医学会糖尿病学分会关于代谢综合征的建议[J].中华糖尿病杂志,2004,12(3)：156-161.
[52]Zimmet P,Magliano D,Matsuzawa Y,et al.The metabolic syndrome:a global public health problem and a new definition[J].Atheroscler Thromb,2005,(12):295.
[53]Alberti KG,Eckel RH,Grundy SM,et al.Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome:a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention;National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute;American Heart Association;World Heart Federation;International Atherosclerosis Society;and International Association for the Study of Obesity[J].Circulation,2009,120(16):1640.
[54]International Diabetes Federation.Diabetes Atlas[M].2nded.Brussels,Belgium,2003:2.
[55]Di Bonito P,De Natale C,Salvatore T,et al.Management of type 2 diabetic patients attend-ing diabetic outpatient clinics compared with those cared for by the general practitioners:an experience of integrated diabetes management[J].Ann Ist Super Sanita,2009,45(2):162.
[56]Duncan GE,Anton SD,Sydeman SJ,et al.Prescribing exercise at varied levels of intensity and frequency:arandomized trial[J].Arch Intern Med,2005,165(20):2362-2369.
[57]《中国糖尿病医学营养治疗指南》编写组.2010.《中国糖尿病医学营养治疗指南》北京：科学出版社,2010：15-19.
[58]赵水平.代谢综合征诊断与治疗的思考[J].临床心血管病杂志,2006,22(6)：321-322.
[59]Ruhla S,Weickert MO,Arafat AM,et al.A high normal TSH is associated with the meta-bolic syndrome[J].Clin Endocrinol,2009,(10):1.
[60]中国成人血脂异常防治指南制订联合委员会.中国成人血脂异常防治指南[J].中华心血管病杂志,2007,35(5)：390-441.
[61]European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation.ESC/EAS Guidli-nes for the management of dyslipidaemias:the Task Force for the management of dyslipidae-mias of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)[J].Eur Heart J,2011,32(14):1769-1818.
[62]Mancia G,De Backer G,Dominiczak A.2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension:The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)[J].Eur Heart J,2007,28:1462-1536.
[63]Tota-Maharaj R,Defilippis AP,Blumenthal RS,et al.A practical approach to the metabolic syndrome:Review of current concepts and management[J].Curr Opin Cardiol,2010,25(5):502.
[64]Margolis DJ,Hoffstad O,Strom BL.Association between serious ischemic cardiac outco- es and medications used to treat diabetes[J].Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf,2008,17(8):753.
[65]Nathan DM,Buse JB,DavidsonMB,et al.Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes:A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy a consensus state-ment of the American diabetes association and the European associateon for the study of diabetes[J].Diabetes Care,2009,32:193-203.
[66]Retterstel K.Taspoglutide:a long acting human glucagon-like polypeptide-1 analogue[J]. Expert Opin Investig Drugs,2009,18(9):1405-1411.
[67]Tassoni E,Conti R,Gallo G,et al.Aminocarnitine ureidic derivatives as inhibitors of carni-tine palmitoyltransferase I[J].Chem Med Chem,2010,5(5):666-669.
[68]Sarabu R,Berthel SJ,Kester RF.Novel glucokinase activators:apatent review(2008-2010) [J].Expert Opin TherPat,2011,21(1):13-33.
[69]Wiernsperger N,Rapin J.Trace elements in glucometabolic disorders:an update[J].Diabetic Metab Syndr,2010,(2):70.
[1]Alberti KG, Zimnlet P, Sha WJ. The metabolic syndrome a new world-wide definition[J]. Lancet,2005,366(9491):1059-1062.
[2]徐成斌.代谢综合征(2)[J].中国医刊,2005,40(3)：130-133.
[3]Grundy SM,Hansen B.Clinical management of metabolic syndrome:report of American Hear Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/Amercian diabetes association conference on scientific issues related to management [J].Circulation,2004,109:551-556.
[4]高彦彬.络病与糖尿病慢性并发症[J].北京中医药大学学报(中医临床版),2008,15(3)：17-18.
[5]高彦彬,周晖,罗文益,等.2型糖尿病合并代谢综合征中医证候演变规律研究[J].北京中医药大学学报(中医临床版),2009,16(6)：2-3.
[6]倪青,高彦彬,陈世波,等.2型糖尿病合并代谢综合征患者并发症特征分析[J].中医杂志,2007,48(9)：809-811.
[7]高彦彬,周晖,关松,等.中药糖脂平胶囊干预糖耐量低减的临床研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,2007,30(12)：846-849.
[8]周晖,高彦彬.糖脂平合剂对代谢综合征患者血管内皮功能的影响[J].北京中医药,2011,30(12)：918-920.
[9]林长青,高彦彬,刘桂芳,等.糖脂平胶囊对胰岛素抵抗大鼠脂联素表达的影响[J].陕西中医药,2009,30(5)：617-619.
[10]李步满,高彦彬,吴丽丽,等.糖脂平对2型糖尿病大鼠糖、脂毒性及胰腺组织氧化应激的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2011,17(14)：139-143.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |