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黄岛地下水封油库裂隙岩体流固耦合特征研究
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摘要
石油是工业的血液,建立一定规模的石油储备体系,对于保障国民经济的稳定发展,稳定供求关系,增强我国对国际突发事件的应变能力,具有十分重要的意义。地下水封油库具有投资小、占地省、环境破坏小、维护费用低等优点,成为我国石油储备的首选形式。
     确保水封的有效性是决定大型地下水封油库能否安全运营的重要因素,而对于水封条件,其实质在于搞清构成地下油库围岩环境的结晶岩体内裂隙的发育规律、裂隙内地下水的赋存及运移特征、裂隙岩体在复杂应力应变条件下与裂隙水、油气间的共同作用机制等科学问题,属以研究裂隙岩体水力耦合机制为代表的岩体水力学问题。本文以国家石油储备黄岛地下水封油库项目为依托,在国家自然科学基金项目“地下油库结晶岩体裂隙流固耦合特征及水封条件研究”(编号:40902086)的资助下,开展了如下研究工作:
     (1)研究了库址区的基础地质条件,包括自然地理条件、工程地质条件及水文地质条件。结果表明库址区地质条件良好,适宜建设大型地下水封油库。
     (2)开展了单裂隙岩体三轴流固耦合试验。采用工程现场结晶岩样,应用三轴渗流伺服试验仪,进行光滑平直无充填单裂隙岩体流固耦合试验。变化三维应力及裂隙水压,监测裂隙过流量,研究隙宽、裂隙渗透性的变化规律,得出渗透系数、隙宽与三维应力的定性及定量关系。同时,根据试验结果得出了对黄岛地下水封油库水封条件的认识。
     (3)运用UDEC软件模拟了一组洞罐洞室开挖后的围岩稳定性。依据实际开挖步骤,在设与不设水幕两种工况下,分别分析了左、右、中三个洞室开挖后应力、位移的变化情况,并对工程的设计施工提出相关建议。
     (4)分析了洞室开挖造成的围岩渗流场的变化。分析在设与不设水幕两种工况下地下水位的变化及其对水封条件的影响,同时计算了洞室的涌水量。结果表明洞室的开挖不会造成地下水位大幅度的降落,水幕的设置更好的保证了水封条件。
Oil is the blood of industry and it is of great significance to establish a certainscale oil reserve system for the stable development of national economy, stabling therelationship between supply and demand and enhancing our ability to respond tointernationalemergencies. For it’s advantages of small investment and land occupationand little damage to environment and low maintenance costs, undergroundwater-sealed oil storage cavern is our preferred form of oil reserves.
     It is an important factor for the safety of the operation of underground water-sealoil storage to ensure the effectiveness of water-sealed conditions. As for water-sealedconditions, it’s substance is to find out the development law of cracks of crystallinerock forming the country rock of the storage, the occurrence and migrationcharacteristics of groundwater in the cracks and the interaction mechanism amongfractured rock mass under complex stress and strain, fissure water and oil or gas,beloing to rock hydraulics represented by coupling mechanism between hydraulicsand mechanics in fractured rock mass. Relying on the Huangdao UndergroundWater-sealed Cave for National Oil Storage project and supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40902086), researches in this paperare as follows:
     (1) The basic geological conditions had been studied, including naturalgeographical conditions, engineering geological conditions and hydrogeologicalconditions. The results proved that geological conditions of the site are excellent forthe construction of large scale underground water-sealed oil storage cavern.
     (2) Using crystalline rock sample coming from the project site, fluid-solidcoupling triaxial tests with the no filling single fracture smooth and straight had beenlaunched. Changing three-dimensional stress and fissure water pressure, monitoringthroughflow of the fracture and studying the variation of aperture and permeability,the paper find out the qualitative and quantitative relations among permeabilitycoefficient, aperture and three-dimensional stress. Also, awareness of water-sealed conditions to Huangdao Underground Water-sealed Storage can be get according tothe results of the tests.
     (3) The stability of surrounding rock of a tank had been simulated after theexcavation using UDEC softwear. Changes of stress and displacement undernon-water curtain situation and water curtain had been analyzed after the excavationaccording to the virtual stepped excavation. Also, suggestion to design andconstruction had been proposed.
     (4) Changes of seepage field in the surrounding rock had been simulated after theexcavation. Variation of groundwater level and its impacts to water-sealed conditionshad been analyzed and water inflow of the caverns had been calculated. The resultsprove that the excavation of the caverns would not evoke great fall of groundwaterlevel and the setting of water-curtain guarantee the water-sealed conditions.
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