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聚氨酯封堵炮孔研究
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摘要
聚氨酯是一种发泡成型的封堵材料,论文旨在研究其封堵爆破炮孔的效果。并应用ANSYS/LA-DYNA有限元数值模拟软件,对聚氨酯封堵炮孔进行分析和研究。
     通过研究岩体爆破机理,解析聚氨酯在爆破炮孔中所受到的各种力场,其中包括爆炸冲击波、应力波,爆生气体压缩应力,聚氨酯与岩体的摩擦力。针对这些力场,通过分析聚氨酯基础性质,得到聚氨酯密度、抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量、摩擦系数等力学参数,为封堵效果的分析奠定基础。并对聚氨酯的阻燃性、反应放热性、静电性能做了实验研究。他们的测定值都在安全范围以内,确保了聚氨酯封堵炮孔的安全性。
     在聚氨酯力学性能数据的基础上,结合运动学理论,确定聚氨酯在炮孔中的变加速运动形式,推导出满足爆破完全所需时间的封堵长度的计算公式,并对封堵长度进行了求解计算。根据计算过程总结分析了影响聚氨酯炮孔封堵长度的各项因素。
     应用ANSYSY/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件,制定模拟方案,选取聚氨酯、药包、花岗岩以及空气的合理参数,模拟聚氨酯在爆破中的封堵效果。模拟结果表明聚氨酯封堵炮孔不仅会对爆炸应力波产生一定影响,而且会大大的提高爆生气体在炮孔内的应力值,延长爆生气体的作用时间,有效的提高了炸药对岩体的爆破作用。
     观察模拟结果中靠近药包的聚氨酯,由于其受到了较大的爆炸冲击压力而粉碎,失去了封堵效果。在确定聚氨酯封堵最优长度时,应该在计算值的基础上加上这一粉碎长度,作为最终聚氨酯封堵炮孔的最优长度,可以得到良好的封堵效果。
     基于上述结论,聚氨酯作为一种新型的爆破炮孔封堵物质,具有较好的应用价值。论文为聚氨酯封堵炮孔的推广使用提供了一些参考数据。
As a kind of foam molding material, polyurethane is studied in this paper,aiming toresearch the effect in blocking the blast holes. And using the ANSYS/LA-DYNAfinite element numerical simulation software, the paper analyzes and studies thepolyurethane in blocking the blast holes.
     By researching the rock blasting mechanism, the paper resolves a variety offorces which effect the polyurethane in blast holes, containing the blast, the stresswave force, the detonation gas compression stress and the friction betweenpolyurethane and rock. In connection with the forces, studying the polyurethane basicproperties, the paper gains the polyurethane mechanical parameters of density,compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and friction coefficient. Theseparameters lay the foundation for the analysis of the blocking effect. Furthermore thepaper studies the flame retardant, the reaction heat and static performance of thepolyurethane. The measured values are within the safe range, ensuring the security ofthe polyurethane in blocking blast holes.
     Basing on the data of the polyurethane mechanical properties and the kinetictheory, paper determines the form of changing accelerated motion of polyurethane inthe blast holes, and derives the formulas of the blocking length of meeting the blastingfull time required, solving the results of the blocking length. According to thecalculation process, paper summarizes and analyzes the various factors of affectingthe polyurethane blocking blast holes length.
     Using the ANSYSY/LS-DYNA numerical simulation software, developing thesimulation program and selecting the reasonable parameters of polyurethane, kits,granite, and air, the paper simulates the blocking effect of polyurethane in blast holes.
     Simulation results show that the polyurethane blocking blast holes will not onlyhave a certain impact on blast wave, but also greatly improve the value of the stress ofthe detonation gas in blast holes, extending the duration of the detonation gas action toeffectively improve the blast dynamite on the rock.
     Observing the polyurethane close to the kits in simulation results, it’s crushed bythe explosion shock pressure, losing the blocking effect. When determining thepolyurethane blocking optimal length, it should be with the smash length on the basisof the calculated values, as the final result, getting a good blocking effect.
     Based on the above findings, polyurethane as a new type of blocking materialhas good application value. This paper provides some reference data on promoting theuse of polyurethane in blocking blast holes.
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