黑龙江及邻区地壳应力场的初步研究
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摘要
地壳应力场研究是地球动力学研究的核心问题之一，国内外许多专家和学者致力于这方面的研究
其主要任务是：探讨地壳构造应力场的空间分布形态及其随时间的动态演化，进而追踪地壳构造运动的演化历程，认识现今的地壳构造活动及其发生机制，从而预测地壳构造运动未来的发展演化规律,同时地壳应力场在解释板块运动、造山带成因的地震活动分布方面具有重要意义。
本文从应力场的基本概念出发，介绍了应力场力的作用方式，分为垂直作用力和水平作用力两种；也介绍了应力场的时间和空间的变化，还进一步阐述了震源机制的基本概念、求解方式和地震断层的基本概念以及国内外在这方面的研究现状。
利用黑龙江及邻区的5002条P波初动，做出综合震源机制，通过综合震源机制的求解，利用格点尝试法推出黑龙江及邻区的地壳主压应力场和主张应力场的方向，通过以上的分析和研究，得出研究区域的构造应力场的主要特征如下：
1、新世纪以来至现代的构造应力场总特征是一致的，具有明显的继承性。主压应力方位和主要构造带的力学性质基本稳定。主压应力方位是北东—北东东向，在其控制下区域内的北北东向断层为右旋走向滑动的正断层。
2、构造应力场的水平分量是主要的。表现在新构造活动形迹和震源机制解，特别是震源机制解得到的主压应力仰角小于30°者约占80%以上，断层面倾角绝大多数较陡，沿断层面错动倾角小于30°者占总数的90%。
3、构造应力场与板块运动的关系具有成因上的联系。本文前面已经叙述过自新构造时期以来黑龙江全部卷入强烈活动的滨太平洋构造域，构造应力场是由太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲形成的。在北东向挤压作用下，省内形成一系列北北东向、北东向、近东西向和北西向正断层和逆断层。在北东向区域应力场作用下，北北东向和北东向断裂构造带的运动为右旋走滑错动为主，北西向断裂构造带和近东西向断裂构造带为左旋走滑错动为主。
It is one of the core issues of earth dynamics in Crustal stress field study, manydomestic and foreign experts and scholars dedicated to it
The main task is: to discuss the tectonic stress field of the spatial distributionand its variation with time dynamic evolution, further tracing crust tectonic evolution,understanding today's crustal tectonics and its mechanism, so as to predict the futureevolution of crust tectonic movement rules, and crustal stress field in theinterpretation of the motion of the plates, orogenic belt genesis of earthquake activitydistribution has important significance.
This article from the basic concept of stress field, introduces the stress field force,vertical force and horizontal force is divided into two; also introduced the stress fieldof the time and space change, further elaborated the basic concept, focal mechanismsolution of earthquake fault and the basic concept of domestic and abroad this area ofresearch.
Using the Heilongjiang and adjacent areas of5002P wave first motion, makethe composite mechanism, through integrated focal mechanism solution, launchedinHeilongjiang and adjacent areas of crustal stress field and that the direction of thestress field, through the above analysis and research, the study of regional tectonicstress field of the main features are as follows:
1、 The new century to the modern tectonic stress field characteristics areconsistent, with obvious inheritance. Main pressure stress orientation and maintectonic belt and mechanical properties of basic stability. Principal stress direction isNorth East-nee, under its control within the region of the NNE fault is dextralstrike-slip normal fault.
2、 The tectonic stress field of the horizontal component is the main.Performance in new tectonic activity features and focal mechanism solution,especially the focal mechanism solutions of principal stress angle less than30degrees accounted for about80%, the vast majority of steep dip of fault surface, along the faultdislocation angle less than30degrees are accounted for90%of the total.
3、The tectonic stress field and the motion of the plates with the relationship ofcontact. This article has described the front new tectonic period since theHeilongjiang were embroiled in intense activity in the marginal Pacific tectonicdomain, the tectonic stress field is by the Pacific plate to Eurasia plate subductionforming. In the North East under the extrusion, the province formed a series of NNE,NE, near east to west and north to the normal fault and reversed fault. In the NorthEast regional stress field, the NNE and North East fracture tectonic belt movement forthe dextral strike-slip fault, North and west fault tectonic belt and nearlyeast-westward fault structural belt is sinistral strike-slip fault mainly.
其主要任务是：探讨地壳构造应力场的空间分布形态及其随时间的动态演化，进而追踪地壳构造运动的演化历程，认识现今的地壳构造活动及其发生机制，从而预测地壳构造运动未来的发展演化规律,同时地壳应力场在解释板块运动、造山带成因的地震活动分布方面具有重要意义。
本文从应力场的基本概念出发，介绍了应力场力的作用方式，分为垂直作用力和水平作用力两种；也介绍了应力场的时间和空间的变化，还进一步阐述了震源机制的基本概念、求解方式和地震断层的基本概念以及国内外在这方面的研究现状。
利用黑龙江及邻区的5002条P波初动，做出综合震源机制，通过综合震源机制的求解，利用格点尝试法推出黑龙江及邻区的地壳主压应力场和主张应力场的方向，通过以上的分析和研究，得出研究区域的构造应力场的主要特征如下：
1、新世纪以来至现代的构造应力场总特征是一致的，具有明显的继承性。主压应力方位和主要构造带的力学性质基本稳定。主压应力方位是北东—北东东向，在其控制下区域内的北北东向断层为右旋走向滑动的正断层。
2、构造应力场的水平分量是主要的。表现在新构造活动形迹和震源机制解，特别是震源机制解得到的主压应力仰角小于30°者约占80%以上，断层面倾角绝大多数较陡，沿断层面错动倾角小于30°者占总数的90%。
3、构造应力场与板块运动的关系具有成因上的联系。本文前面已经叙述过自新构造时期以来黑龙江全部卷入强烈活动的滨太平洋构造域，构造应力场是由太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲形成的。在北东向挤压作用下，省内形成一系列北北东向、北东向、近东西向和北西向正断层和逆断层。在北东向区域应力场作用下，北北东向和北东向断裂构造带的运动为右旋走滑错动为主，北西向断裂构造带和近东西向断裂构造带为左旋走滑错动为主。
It is one of the core issues of earth dynamics in Crustal stress field study, manydomestic and foreign experts and scholars dedicated to it
The main task is: to discuss the tectonic stress field of the spatial distributionand its variation with time dynamic evolution, further tracing crust tectonic evolution,understanding today's crustal tectonics and its mechanism, so as to predict the futureevolution of crust tectonic movement rules, and crustal stress field in theinterpretation of the motion of the plates, orogenic belt genesis of earthquake activitydistribution has important significance.
This article from the basic concept of stress field, introduces the stress field force,vertical force and horizontal force is divided into two; also introduced the stress fieldof the time and space change, further elaborated the basic concept, focal mechanismsolution of earthquake fault and the basic concept of domestic and abroad this area ofresearch.
Using the Heilongjiang and adjacent areas of5002P wave first motion, makethe composite mechanism, through integrated focal mechanism solution, launchedinHeilongjiang and adjacent areas of crustal stress field and that the direction of thestress field, through the above analysis and research, the study of regional tectonicstress field of the main features are as follows:
1、 The new century to the modern tectonic stress field characteristics areconsistent, with obvious inheritance. Main pressure stress orientation and maintectonic belt and mechanical properties of basic stability. Principal stress direction isNorth East-nee, under its control within the region of the NNE fault is dextralstrike-slip normal fault.
2、 The tectonic stress field of the horizontal component is the main.Performance in new tectonic activity features and focal mechanism solution,especially the focal mechanism solutions of principal stress angle less than30degrees accounted for about80%, the vast majority of steep dip of fault surface, along the faultdislocation angle less than30degrees are accounted for90%of the total.
3、The tectonic stress field and the motion of the plates with the relationship ofcontact. This article has described the front new tectonic period since theHeilongjiang were embroiled in intense activity in the marginal Pacific tectonicdomain, the tectonic stress field is by the Pacific plate to Eurasia plate subductionforming. In the North East under the extrusion, the province formed a series of NNE,NE, near east to west and north to the normal fault and reversed fault. In the NorthEast regional stress field, the NNE and North East fracture tectonic belt movement forthe dextral strike-slip fault, North and west fault tectonic belt and nearlyeast-westward fault structural belt is sinistral strike-slip fault mainly.
引文
[1]黑龙江省地质矿产局.黑龙江省区域地质志[M].北京：地质出版社，1993
[2]Zoback M. D. First and second order patterns of stress in the lithosphere: the WorldStress Map Project.[J].Geophysics. Res.,1992,97(B8):11703-11728
[3]Zoback M L, Zoback M D, Adams J, et al. Global patterns of tectonic field.[J].Nature,1989,341:291-298
[4]谢富仁，崔效锋，赵建涛.全球应力场与构造分析.[J].地学前缘，10(特刊)：22-30Xie F R, Cui X F, Zhao J T. Analysis of global tectonic stress field. EarthScience Frontier,2003,10(Suppl):2230(In Chinese)
[5]黑龙江省地质矿产局.黑龙江省区域地质志[M].北京：地质出版社，1993
[6]Gephart J W and Forsyth D W. An improved method for determining the regionalstress tensor using earthquake focal mechanism data: application to the SanFernando earthquake sequence.[J]. Geophy. Res.,1984,89:9305-9320
[7]Michael A J. Determination of stress from slip data: faults and folds.[J]. Geophy.Res.1984,89:11517-11526
[8]Horiuchi S, Russo G and Hasegawa A. Discrimination of fault planes fromauxiliary planes based on simultaneous determination of stress tensor and a largenumber of fault plane solutions.[J]. Geophys. Res.,1995,100:8327-8338
[9]许忠淮,汪素云,高阿甲,郭瑛.我国部分早期震源机制解答的重新测定,地震地磁观测与研究，1994,15(5):1-9Xu Z H, Wang S Y, Gao A J, Guo Y.Redetermination of some early focal mechanism solutions of Chineseearthquakes[J]. Seismological and geomagnetic observation and research,1994,16(4):34-42
[10]Aki K. Earthquake generating stress in Japan for the years1961to1963obtainedby smoothing the first motion radiation patterns[J]. Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst.,1966,44(2):447-471.
[11]李钦组,王泽皋,贾云年等.由单台小地震资料所得两个区域的应力场[J].地球物理学报,1973,16(1):49-61
[12]许忠淮,阎明,赵仲和.由多个小地震推断的华北地区构造应力场的方向[J].地震学报,1983,5(3):268-279.
[13]万永革，吴逸民，盛书中等．Ｐ波极性数据所揭示的台湾地区三维应力结构的初步结果[J]．地球物理学报，2011,54(11):2809-2818.
[14]魏柏林.震源机制变化的机理转换应力场[M].北京：地震出版社，1994
[15]Hast.N.The stste of stresses in the upper of the earth’s crust[J].Geol,2(1).
[16]魏柏林.震源机制变化的机理转换应力场[M].北京：地震出版社，1994
[17]M.B.格佐夫斯基等.根据矿上巷道测量和构造物理分析的资料[M].北京：地震出版社,1978
[18]陈国达.地壳动定转化递进说论地壳发展的一般规律[J].地质学报,3.
[19]陈国达.成矿构造研究法[M].北京：地质出版社，1978.
[20]张文佑.华北断块区的形成与发展[M].北京：科学普及出版社，1980.
[21]陈国达.成矿构造研究法[M].北京：地质出版社，1978.
[22]许忠淮.京、津、唐、张地区地震应力场的方向特征[J].地震学报，2
[23]陈运泰、顾浩鼎.震源理论基础[M].北京：地震出版社，2004
[24]林向东.小江断裂带中段及其邻区地震震源机制解与构造应力场分析[D].兰州：中国地震局兰州地震研究所，2009
[25]许忠淮.地震断层面解[J].国际地震预报学术讨论会大会，1987
[26]孟晓春.地震分析技术[M].北京：地震出版社，1999
[27]许向彤，许忠淮.求震源机制P波初动解的格点尝试概率法[J].地震地磁观测与研究，1995,16（4）35-38
[28](http://igppweb.ucsd.edu/~gabi/rem.html)
[29]万永革，吴逸民，盛书中等．Ｐ波极性数据所揭示的台湾地区三维应力结构的初步结果[J]．地球物理学报，2011,54(11):2809-2818.
[30] Shen Z K, Jackson D D, Ge B X. Crustal deformation across and beyond the LosAngeles basin from geodetic measurements.[J] Geophys. Res.,1996,101(B12):27957-27980.
[2]Zoback M. D. First and second order patterns of stress in the lithosphere: the WorldStress Map Project.[J].Geophysics. Res.,1992,97(B8):11703-11728
[3]Zoback M L, Zoback M D, Adams J, et al. Global patterns of tectonic field.[J].Nature,1989,341:291-298
[4]谢富仁，崔效锋，赵建涛.全球应力场与构造分析.[J].地学前缘，10(特刊)：22-30Xie F R, Cui X F, Zhao J T. Analysis of global tectonic stress field. EarthScience Frontier,2003,10(Suppl):2230(In Chinese)
[5]黑龙江省地质矿产局.黑龙江省区域地质志[M].北京：地质出版社，1993
[6]Gephart J W and Forsyth D W. An improved method for determining the regionalstress tensor using earthquake focal mechanism data: application to the SanFernando earthquake sequence.[J]. Geophy. Res.,1984,89:9305-9320
[7]Michael A J. Determination of stress from slip data: faults and folds.[J]. Geophy.Res.1984,89:11517-11526
[8]Horiuchi S, Russo G and Hasegawa A. Discrimination of fault planes fromauxiliary planes based on simultaneous determination of stress tensor and a largenumber of fault plane solutions.[J]. Geophys. Res.,1995,100:8327-8338
[9]许忠淮,汪素云,高阿甲,郭瑛.我国部分早期震源机制解答的重新测定,地震地磁观测与研究，1994,15(5):1-9Xu Z H, Wang S Y, Gao A J, Guo Y.Redetermination of some early focal mechanism solutions of Chineseearthquakes[J]. Seismological and geomagnetic observation and research,1994,16(4):34-42
[10]Aki K. Earthquake generating stress in Japan for the years1961to1963obtainedby smoothing the first motion radiation patterns[J]. Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst.,1966,44(2):447-471.
[11]李钦组,王泽皋,贾云年等.由单台小地震资料所得两个区域的应力场[J].地球物理学报,1973,16(1):49-61
[12]许忠淮,阎明,赵仲和.由多个小地震推断的华北地区构造应力场的方向[J].地震学报,1983,5(3):268-279.
[13]万永革，吴逸民，盛书中等．Ｐ波极性数据所揭示的台湾地区三维应力结构的初步结果[J]．地球物理学报，2011,54(11):2809-2818.
[14]魏柏林.震源机制变化的机理转换应力场[M].北京：地震出版社，1994
[15]Hast.N.The stste of stresses in the upper of the earth’s crust[J].Geol,2(1).
[16]魏柏林.震源机制变化的机理转换应力场[M].北京：地震出版社，1994
[17]M.B.格佐夫斯基等.根据矿上巷道测量和构造物理分析的资料[M].北京：地震出版社,1978
[18]陈国达.地壳动定转化递进说论地壳发展的一般规律[J].地质学报,3.
[19]陈国达.成矿构造研究法[M].北京：地质出版社，1978.
[20]张文佑.华北断块区的形成与发展[M].北京：科学普及出版社，1980.
[21]陈国达.成矿构造研究法[M].北京：地质出版社，1978.
[22]许忠淮.京、津、唐、张地区地震应力场的方向特征[J].地震学报，2
[23]陈运泰、顾浩鼎.震源理论基础[M].北京：地震出版社，2004
[24]林向东.小江断裂带中段及其邻区地震震源机制解与构造应力场分析[D].兰州：中国地震局兰州地震研究所，2009
[25]许忠淮.地震断层面解[J].国际地震预报学术讨论会大会，1987
[26]孟晓春.地震分析技术[M].北京：地震出版社，1999
[27]许向彤，许忠淮.求震源机制P波初动解的格点尝试概率法[J].地震地磁观测与研究，1995,16（4）35-38
[28](http://igppweb.ucsd.edu/~gabi/rem.html)
[29]万永革，吴逸民，盛书中等．Ｐ波极性数据所揭示的台湾地区三维应力结构的初步结果[J]．地球物理学报，2011,54(11):2809-2818.
[30] Shen Z K, Jackson D D, Ge B X. Crustal deformation across and beyond the LosAngeles basin from geodetic measurements.[J] Geophys. Res.,1996,101(B12):27957-27980.
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