无线传感器网络栅栏覆盖研究
|
摘要
随着物联网概念的兴起,作为基础设施的无线传感器网络越来越受到研究者的广泛关注。得益于集成芯片、传感器、通信等多项技术的飞速发展,无线传感器节点能够降低成本、多功能、长时间存活等,使得无线传感器网络的多场景、大规模应用成为现实。目前,无线传感器网络在森林环境监测、智慧城市、医疗监控、军事国防、工农林业生产有着多种示范应用。
覆盖反映了无线传感器网络对部署区域敏感指标的监测能力,是考察无线传感器网络服务质量的重要指标之一。覆盖控制能够提高无线传感网络资源的利用效率,提高网络的生命时长,高效节能的覆盖控制算法是构建无线传感网的重点研究方向之一。栅栏覆盖主要考察移动目标穿越检测区域能否被传感网节点检测、智能移动目标的移动轨迹算法及实验应用等。栅栏覆盖在边境布控、森林防火、工农业生产、军事反监控等领域有巨大的应用潜力。
在此背景下,本论文首先介绍了无线传感器网络的基本知识和无线传感器网络栅栏覆盖的相关定义,总结了现有研究取得的相关成果。针对智能移动目标寻找合适移动轨迹的问题,分析了目前已有的移动轨迹算法的不足,提出了一种通过选择合适前进方向来生成移动轨迹的AFMP(Angle First Moving Path)算法,理论分析与仿真结果表明,AFMP算法无需全局节点信息,对节点的感知半径无同构要求,对节点部署密度和分布有较低的敏感度,特别适用于只知节点局部信息的情况,算法复杂度也低于Voronoi算法和理想网格算法。
With the rise of the concept of Internet of Things, as the infrastructure, wireless sensor networks attract increasingly interest of the researchers. Thanks to the rapid development of integrated chips, sensors, communications and many other technologies, wireless sensor nodes are enjoying reduced cost, multi-function, and prolonged survival time, which leads to the realization of multi-scenario, large-scale application of wireless sensor networks. Currently, wireless sensor networks are widely applied in the forest environment monitoring, smart cities, medical monitoring, military defense, and demonstration of many other industry, agriculture and forestry productions.
The coverage rate, which reflects the monitoring capabilities of the interest indicators of the wireless sensor network deployment area, is one of the key metric of wireless sensor networks. Coverage control can improve the utilization efficiency of wireless sensor network resources, improve the network lifetime, thus energy-efficient coverage control algorithm is one of the most important research fields to build a wireless sensor network. Fence cover focuses on detecting of moving target through the detection area, the mobile track algorithms of smart moving path, experimental applications and etc. Fence covering has a great applicability potential in the field of border surveillance for forest fire prevention, industrial and agricultural production, and military counter-surveillance.
Against the background above, this paper introduces the basic knowledge of wireless sensor networks and related definitions of wireless sensor networks barrier coverage, and summarizes existing research results. Aiming at the issue of appropriate moving path, after analyzing the deficiencies of the existing moving path algorithm, this paper proposes a AFMP (angle first moving path) algorithm which chooses the appropriate forward direction to generate moving path. Mathematical analysis and simulation results show that the AFMP algorithm requires neither global deployment information nor perception radius of sensor node, has a low sensitivity to node deployment density and distribution. Therefore, it is particularly applicable to the scenario where only the local node information is available. Besides, the complexity of the algorithm is also lower than Voronoi algorithm and the ideal grid algorithm.
覆盖反映了无线传感器网络对部署区域敏感指标的监测能力,是考察无线传感器网络服务质量的重要指标之一。覆盖控制能够提高无线传感网络资源的利用效率,提高网络的生命时长,高效节能的覆盖控制算法是构建无线传感网的重点研究方向之一。栅栏覆盖主要考察移动目标穿越检测区域能否被传感网节点检测、智能移动目标的移动轨迹算法及实验应用等。栅栏覆盖在边境布控、森林防火、工农业生产、军事反监控等领域有巨大的应用潜力。
在此背景下,本论文首先介绍了无线传感器网络的基本知识和无线传感器网络栅栏覆盖的相关定义,总结了现有研究取得的相关成果。针对智能移动目标寻找合适移动轨迹的问题,分析了目前已有的移动轨迹算法的不足,提出了一种通过选择合适前进方向来生成移动轨迹的AFMP(Angle First Moving Path)算法,理论分析与仿真结果表明,AFMP算法无需全局节点信息,对节点的感知半径无同构要求,对节点部署密度和分布有较低的敏感度,特别适用于只知节点局部信息的情况,算法复杂度也低于Voronoi算法和理想网格算法。
With the rise of the concept of Internet of Things, as the infrastructure, wireless sensor networks attract increasingly interest of the researchers. Thanks to the rapid development of integrated chips, sensors, communications and many other technologies, wireless sensor nodes are enjoying reduced cost, multi-function, and prolonged survival time, which leads to the realization of multi-scenario, large-scale application of wireless sensor networks. Currently, wireless sensor networks are widely applied in the forest environment monitoring, smart cities, medical monitoring, military defense, and demonstration of many other industry, agriculture and forestry productions.
The coverage rate, which reflects the monitoring capabilities of the interest indicators of the wireless sensor network deployment area, is one of the key metric of wireless sensor networks. Coverage control can improve the utilization efficiency of wireless sensor network resources, improve the network lifetime, thus energy-efficient coverage control algorithm is one of the most important research fields to build a wireless sensor network. Fence cover focuses on detecting of moving target through the detection area, the mobile track algorithms of smart moving path, experimental applications and etc. Fence covering has a great applicability potential in the field of border surveillance for forest fire prevention, industrial and agricultural production, and military counter-surveillance.
Against the background above, this paper introduces the basic knowledge of wireless sensor networks and related definitions of wireless sensor networks barrier coverage, and summarizes existing research results. Aiming at the issue of appropriate moving path, after analyzing the deficiencies of the existing moving path algorithm, this paper proposes a AFMP (angle first moving path) algorithm which chooses the appropriate forward direction to generate moving path. Mathematical analysis and simulation results show that the AFMP algorithm requires neither global deployment information nor perception radius of sensor node, has a low sensitivity to node deployment density and distribution. Therefore, it is particularly applicable to the scenario where only the local node information is available. Besides, the complexity of the algorithm is also lower than Voronoi algorithm and the ideal grid algorithm.
引文
[1] Amitabha Ghosh, Sajal K. Das. Coverage and connectivity issues in wireless sensor networks: A survey [J]. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 2008, 4(3): 303-334.
[2] Ian F. Akyildiz, Tommaso Melodia, Kaushik R. Chowdhury. A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks [J]. Computer Networks, 2007, 51(4): 921-960.
[3] Ian F. Akyildiz, Weilian Su, Yogesh Sankarasubramaniam, et al. A survey on Sensor Networks [J]. 2002, 40(8): 102-114.
[4]孙利民,李建中,陈渝等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005.5.
[5]李建中,李金宝,石胜飞.传感器网络及其数据管理的概念、问题与进展[J].软件学报, 2003, 14(10): 1717-1727.
[6]任丰原,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络[J].软件学报, 2003, 14(7): 1282-1291.
[7]张文哲,李明禄,伍民友等.一种基于局部Voronoi图的目标穿越算法[J].软件学报, 2007, 18 (5): 1246-1253
[8]Saipulla A, Westphal C, Liu, B, Wang J. Barrier Coverage of Line-Based Deployed Wireless Sensor Networks. Proc of the 28th IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM’09), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, April 19-25
[9]Seapahn M, Farinaz K, Gang Q, Giacomino V, Miodrag P. Exposure In Wireless Sensor Networks:Theory And Practical Solutions[J]. ACM Journal of Wireless Networks, 2002, 8(5):443-454
[10] Elhadi Shakshuki, Xinyu Xing, Haroon Malik. An Introduction to Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks [EB/OL]. http://www.igi-global.com/downloads/excerpts/8219.pdf, 2009.
[11] Ozgur B. Akan, Pascal Frossard, Qian Zhang, et al. Special issue on wireless multimedia sensor networks [J]. Computer Networks, 2008, 52(13): 2529-2531.
[12] Luigi Atzori, Tasos Dagiuklas, Christos Politis. Special issue on multimedia over ad-hoc and sensor networks [J]. Mobile Networks and Applications, 2008, 13 (3-4): 243-245.
[13] Satyajayant Misra, Martin Reisslein, Guoliang Xue. A survey of multimedia streaming in wireless sensor networks [J]. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 2008, 10 (4): 18-39.
[14]马华东,陶丹.多媒体传感器网络及其研究进展[J].软件学报, 2006, 17(09): 2013-2028.
[15]任彦,张思东,张宏科.无线传感器网络中覆盖控制理论与算法[J].软件学报, 2006, 17(3): 422-433.
[16] Rob Holman, John Stanley, Tuba Ozkan-Haller. Applying video sensor networks to nearshore environment monitoring [J]. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 2003, 2 (4):14-21.
[17] James A. DeBardelaben. Multimedia sensor networks for ISR applications [A]. Conference Record of the Thirty-Seventh Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers [C]. Pacific Grove, California: IEEE Press, 2003: 2009-2012.
[18] Deepa Kundur, Ching-Yung Lin, Chun-Shien Lu. Visual Sensor Networks [M]. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing. Nasr: Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2007.
[19] Stanford Wireless Sensor Network Lab. Stanford MeshEye Mote [EB/OL]. http://wsnl.stanford.edu/smartcam.html, 2009.
[20] University, WiSNAP. Wirless Image Sensor Network Application Platform [EB/OL]. http://wsnl.stanford.edu/wisnap/contents.html, 2009.
[21] Broadband Wireless Networking Laboratory. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks [EB/OL]. http://www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/bwn/WMSN/, 2009.
[22] The wireless sensor networks group at UMASS. SensEye - Multi-Tier, Multi-Modal Camera Sensor Network [EB/OL]. http://sensors.cs.umass.edu/projects/senseye, 2009.
[23] Center for Eldercare and Rehabilitation Technology. Technology Interventions for Elders with Mobility and Congitive Impairements [EB/OL]. http://eldertech.missouri.edu/, 2009.
[24] Video Processing and Communication Lab. DeerNet-Integrated camera and sensor network design for wildlife behavior monitoring. [EB/OL]. http://videonet.ece.missouri.edu/deernet2008/, 2009.
[25] Missouri, Baskett Wildlife Research & Education Center. Deer Cam Project [EB/OL]. http://aes.missouri.edu/baskett/research/, 2009.
[26] Frank Y. S. Lin, P. L. Chiu. A near-optimal sensor placement algorithm to achieve complete coverage/discrimination in sensor networks [J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2005, 9(1): 43?45.
[27] Chi-Fu Huang, Yu-Chee Tseng. The coverage problem in a wireless sensor network [A]. Proc. of the ACM Int’l Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications (WSNA) [C]. New York: ACM Press, 2003: 115?121.
[29] Chi-Fu Huang, Yu-Chee Tseng, Li-Chu Lo. The coverage problem in three-dimensional wireless sensor networks [A]. Proc. of the GLOBECOM [C]. 2004: 3182?3186.
[30] Himanshu Gupta, Samir R. Das, Quinyi Gu. Connected sensor cover: Self-Organization of sensor networks for efficient query execution [A]. Proc. of the ACM Int’l Symp. on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHOC) [C]. New York: ACM Press, 2003: 189?200.
[31] Seapahn Megerian, Farinaz Koushanfar, Miodrag Potkonjak, et al. Worst and best-case coverage in sensor networks [J]. IEEE Trans. on Mobile Computing, 2005, 4(1): 84?92.
[32] Seapahn Megerian, Farinaz Koushanfar, Miodrag Potkonjak, et al. Coverage problems in wireless ad-hoc sensor network [A]. Proc. of the INFOCOM [C]. Anchorage: IEEE Press, 2001:1380?1387.
[33] Huadong Ma, Yonghe Liu. On coverage problems of directional sensor networks [A]. Proc. of the Int’l Conf. on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks [C]. 2005: 721?731.
[34] Dan Tao, Huadong Ma, Liang Liu. Coverage-Enhancing algorithm for directional sensor networks [A]. Proc. of the 2nd Int’l Conf. on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks [C]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006, 256?267.
[35] Weifang Cheng, Shanshan Li, Xiangke Liao, et al. Maximal Coverage Scheduling in Randomly Deployed Directional Sensor Networks [A]. Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops [C], 2007.
[36] Jing Ai, Alhussein A. Abouzeid. Coverage by directional sensors in randomly deployed wireless sensor networks [J]. Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, 2006, 11: 21-41.
[37] Yanli Cai, Wei Lou, Minglu Li, et al. Target-Oriented Scheduling in Directional Sensor Networks [A]. IEEE INFOCOM 2007 proceedings [C], 2007: 1550-1558.
[38] Jian Wang, Changyong Niu, Ruimin Shen. Priority-based target coverage in directional sensor networks using a genetic algorithm [J]. Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 2009, 57: 1915-1922.
[39] Jacob Adriaens, Seapahn Megerian, Miodrag Potkonjak. Optimal Worst-Case Coverage of Directional Field-of-View Sensor Networks [A]. The third annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks [C], 2006: 336-345.
[40] Rob Holman, John Stanley, Tuba Ozkan-Haller. Applying Video Sensor Networks to Nearshore Environment Monitoring [J]. IEEE Transactions On Pervasive Computing, 2003, 2(4): 14-21.
[41] Fan Gaojuan, Wang Ruchuan, Huang Haiping, et al. Coverage-Guaranteed Sensor Node Deployment Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks [J]. Sensors, 2010, 10(3): 2064-2087.
[42] Anton Dekkers, Emile Aarts. Global optimizations and simulated annealing [J]. Math Program, 1991, 50: 367-393.
[43] Wendi B. Heinzelman, Anantha P. Chandraksan, Hari Balakrishnan. An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless micro-sensor networks [J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2002, 1(4): 660-670.
[44] Katie Laventall, Jorge Cortes. Coverage control by robotic networks with limited-range anisotropic sensory [A]. The American Control Conference [C]. 2008: 2666-2671.
[45]Meguerdichian S, Koushanfar F, Potkonjak M, andSrivastava M B. Coverage problems in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks[C]. Proc of IEEE INFOCOM’01, Anchorage, USA, 2001, 3: 1380-1387.
[46]Santosh K, Ten H.Lai, Anish A. Barrier coverage with wireless sensors[C]. Proc of MobiCom’05,2005,Cologne, Germany. 2005:284-298
[47] Ai Chen, Kumar S, Lai, T.H. Local Barrier Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2010, 9(4):491-504
[48] Zhang H, Hou J. Maintaining sensing coverage and connectivity in large sensor networks [J]. Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks, 2005, 1(1-2):89-124
[49]B. Wang, K.C. Chua, W. Wang, V. Srinivasan, Worst and Best Information Exposure Paths in Wireless Sensor Networks[C]. Proc.of MSN, 2005:52-62.
[50]Essaddi N, Hamdi M. ,Habib S, Boudriga N. An evolutionary approach for non-uniform coverage control in wireless sensor networks [C]. Proc of IEEE Globecom 2010 Workshop on Advanced Sensor Integration Technology, Florida, USA:2010:261– 265
[51]马寅,王汝传,黄海平等.一种无线传感器网络中目标移动轨迹算法.软件学报, 2011, 22(Suppl.(1)): 32-39.
[2] Ian F. Akyildiz, Tommaso Melodia, Kaushik R. Chowdhury. A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks [J]. Computer Networks, 2007, 51(4): 921-960.
[3] Ian F. Akyildiz, Weilian Su, Yogesh Sankarasubramaniam, et al. A survey on Sensor Networks [J]. 2002, 40(8): 102-114.
[4]孙利民,李建中,陈渝等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005.5.
[5]李建中,李金宝,石胜飞.传感器网络及其数据管理的概念、问题与进展[J].软件学报, 2003, 14(10): 1717-1727.
[6]任丰原,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络[J].软件学报, 2003, 14(7): 1282-1291.
[7]张文哲,李明禄,伍民友等.一种基于局部Voronoi图的目标穿越算法[J].软件学报, 2007, 18 (5): 1246-1253
[8]Saipulla A, Westphal C, Liu, B, Wang J. Barrier Coverage of Line-Based Deployed Wireless Sensor Networks. Proc of the 28th IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM’09), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, April 19-25
[9]Seapahn M, Farinaz K, Gang Q, Giacomino V, Miodrag P. Exposure In Wireless Sensor Networks:Theory And Practical Solutions[J]. ACM Journal of Wireless Networks, 2002, 8(5):443-454
[10] Elhadi Shakshuki, Xinyu Xing, Haroon Malik. An Introduction to Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks [EB/OL]. http://www.igi-global.com/downloads/excerpts/8219.pdf, 2009.
[11] Ozgur B. Akan, Pascal Frossard, Qian Zhang, et al. Special issue on wireless multimedia sensor networks [J]. Computer Networks, 2008, 52(13): 2529-2531.
[12] Luigi Atzori, Tasos Dagiuklas, Christos Politis. Special issue on multimedia over ad-hoc and sensor networks [J]. Mobile Networks and Applications, 2008, 13 (3-4): 243-245.
[13] Satyajayant Misra, Martin Reisslein, Guoliang Xue. A survey of multimedia streaming in wireless sensor networks [J]. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 2008, 10 (4): 18-39.
[14]马华东,陶丹.多媒体传感器网络及其研究进展[J].软件学报, 2006, 17(09): 2013-2028.
[15]任彦,张思东,张宏科.无线传感器网络中覆盖控制理论与算法[J].软件学报, 2006, 17(3): 422-433.
[16] Rob Holman, John Stanley, Tuba Ozkan-Haller. Applying video sensor networks to nearshore environment monitoring [J]. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 2003, 2 (4):14-21.
[17] James A. DeBardelaben. Multimedia sensor networks for ISR applications [A]. Conference Record of the Thirty-Seventh Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers [C]. Pacific Grove, California: IEEE Press, 2003: 2009-2012.
[18] Deepa Kundur, Ching-Yung Lin, Chun-Shien Lu. Visual Sensor Networks [M]. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing. Nasr: Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2007.
[19] Stanford Wireless Sensor Network Lab. Stanford MeshEye Mote [EB/OL]. http://wsnl.stanford.edu/smartcam.html, 2009.
[20] University, WiSNAP. Wirless Image Sensor Network Application Platform [EB/OL]. http://wsnl.stanford.edu/wisnap/contents.html, 2009.
[21] Broadband Wireless Networking Laboratory. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks [EB/OL]. http://www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/bwn/WMSN/, 2009.
[22] The wireless sensor networks group at UMASS. SensEye - Multi-Tier, Multi-Modal Camera Sensor Network [EB/OL]. http://sensors.cs.umass.edu/projects/senseye, 2009.
[23] Center for Eldercare and Rehabilitation Technology. Technology Interventions for Elders with Mobility and Congitive Impairements [EB/OL]. http://eldertech.missouri.edu/, 2009.
[24] Video Processing and Communication Lab. DeerNet-Integrated camera and sensor network design for wildlife behavior monitoring. [EB/OL]. http://videonet.ece.missouri.edu/deernet2008/, 2009.
[25] Missouri, Baskett Wildlife Research & Education Center. Deer Cam Project [EB/OL]. http://aes.missouri.edu/baskett/research/, 2009.
[26] Frank Y. S. Lin, P. L. Chiu. A near-optimal sensor placement algorithm to achieve complete coverage/discrimination in sensor networks [J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2005, 9(1): 43?45.
[27] Chi-Fu Huang, Yu-Chee Tseng. The coverage problem in a wireless sensor network [A]. Proc. of the ACM Int’l Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications (WSNA) [C]. New York: ACM Press, 2003: 115?121.
[29] Chi-Fu Huang, Yu-Chee Tseng, Li-Chu Lo. The coverage problem in three-dimensional wireless sensor networks [A]. Proc. of the GLOBECOM [C]. 2004: 3182?3186.
[30] Himanshu Gupta, Samir R. Das, Quinyi Gu. Connected sensor cover: Self-Organization of sensor networks for efficient query execution [A]. Proc. of the ACM Int’l Symp. on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHOC) [C]. New York: ACM Press, 2003: 189?200.
[31] Seapahn Megerian, Farinaz Koushanfar, Miodrag Potkonjak, et al. Worst and best-case coverage in sensor networks [J]. IEEE Trans. on Mobile Computing, 2005, 4(1): 84?92.
[32] Seapahn Megerian, Farinaz Koushanfar, Miodrag Potkonjak, et al. Coverage problems in wireless ad-hoc sensor network [A]. Proc. of the INFOCOM [C]. Anchorage: IEEE Press, 2001:1380?1387.
[33] Huadong Ma, Yonghe Liu. On coverage problems of directional sensor networks [A]. Proc. of the Int’l Conf. on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks [C]. 2005: 721?731.
[34] Dan Tao, Huadong Ma, Liang Liu. Coverage-Enhancing algorithm for directional sensor networks [A]. Proc. of the 2nd Int’l Conf. on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks [C]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006, 256?267.
[35] Weifang Cheng, Shanshan Li, Xiangke Liao, et al. Maximal Coverage Scheduling in Randomly Deployed Directional Sensor Networks [A]. Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops [C], 2007.
[36] Jing Ai, Alhussein A. Abouzeid. Coverage by directional sensors in randomly deployed wireless sensor networks [J]. Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, 2006, 11: 21-41.
[37] Yanli Cai, Wei Lou, Minglu Li, et al. Target-Oriented Scheduling in Directional Sensor Networks [A]. IEEE INFOCOM 2007 proceedings [C], 2007: 1550-1558.
[38] Jian Wang, Changyong Niu, Ruimin Shen. Priority-based target coverage in directional sensor networks using a genetic algorithm [J]. Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 2009, 57: 1915-1922.
[39] Jacob Adriaens, Seapahn Megerian, Miodrag Potkonjak. Optimal Worst-Case Coverage of Directional Field-of-View Sensor Networks [A]. The third annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks [C], 2006: 336-345.
[40] Rob Holman, John Stanley, Tuba Ozkan-Haller. Applying Video Sensor Networks to Nearshore Environment Monitoring [J]. IEEE Transactions On Pervasive Computing, 2003, 2(4): 14-21.
[41] Fan Gaojuan, Wang Ruchuan, Huang Haiping, et al. Coverage-Guaranteed Sensor Node Deployment Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks [J]. Sensors, 2010, 10(3): 2064-2087.
[42] Anton Dekkers, Emile Aarts. Global optimizations and simulated annealing [J]. Math Program, 1991, 50: 367-393.
[43] Wendi B. Heinzelman, Anantha P. Chandraksan, Hari Balakrishnan. An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless micro-sensor networks [J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2002, 1(4): 660-670.
[44] Katie Laventall, Jorge Cortes. Coverage control by robotic networks with limited-range anisotropic sensory [A]. The American Control Conference [C]. 2008: 2666-2671.
[45]Meguerdichian S, Koushanfar F, Potkonjak M, andSrivastava M B. Coverage problems in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks[C]. Proc of IEEE INFOCOM’01, Anchorage, USA, 2001, 3: 1380-1387.
[46]Santosh K, Ten H.Lai, Anish A. Barrier coverage with wireless sensors[C]. Proc of MobiCom’05,2005,Cologne, Germany. 2005:284-298
[47] Ai Chen, Kumar S, Lai, T.H. Local Barrier Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2010, 9(4):491-504
[48] Zhang H, Hou J. Maintaining sensing coverage and connectivity in large sensor networks [J]. Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks, 2005, 1(1-2):89-124
[49]B. Wang, K.C. Chua, W. Wang, V. Srinivasan, Worst and Best Information Exposure Paths in Wireless Sensor Networks[C]. Proc.of MSN, 2005:52-62.
[50]Essaddi N, Hamdi M. ,Habib S, Boudriga N. An evolutionary approach for non-uniform coverage control in wireless sensor networks [C]. Proc of IEEE Globecom 2010 Workshop on Advanced Sensor Integration Technology, Florida, USA:2010:261– 265
[51]马寅,王汝传,黄海平等.一种无线传感器网络中目标移动轨迹算法.软件学报, 2011, 22(Suppl.(1)): 32-39.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |