餐厨垃圾处理PLC控制系统的研究
摘要
餐厨垃圾作为人类日常生活垃圾的重要组成部分,占城市生活垃圾总量的近1/6,而它含水率高、有机物含量高的特点使其需要进行单独处理。但是目前我国餐厨垃圾回收技术仍处于初步阶段,收集、运输和处理系统均不完善,相应的管理运作体制有待健全。在大多数城市中,餐厨垃圾存在管理无序、任意处置的问题,严重的影响着城市环境。
针对餐厨垃圾“资源化循环利用”的需求,武汉百信环保能源科技有限公司提出300t/d餐厨垃圾处理工程,本课题就是以此为研究背景,利用自动控制原理、可编程控制器、工业自动化组态软件等技术,根据餐厨垃圾处理的工艺流程,按照餐厨垃圾处理的控制要求,设计与之配套的微机自动控制系统,实现处理过程的自动化、智能化,提高加工处理效率。
论文介绍一种餐厨垃圾处理PLC控制系统的设计方案,利用西门子S7-200系列PLC对工厂设备进行自动化控制。论文主要内容包括餐厨垃圾处理总体控制方案设计、电气控制PLC硬件设计、软件设计、人机界面设计等四大部分。
首先通过分析餐厨垃圾处理的生产工艺,明确生产控制要求,从而提出控制系统的总体方案、网络通信方式和人机界面设计方案。然后,根据生产需要完成系统的硬件选型,选择西门子S7-200系列的CPU224 +2个EM223+2个EM235+3个EM232,并进一步完成PLC控制系统的I/O地址分配和电气原理图设计,设计控制系统的主电路图、控制电路图和PLC外围接线图。利用MicroWIN软件进行顺序启停程序、保护连锁程序和PID控制程序的编写,实现现场设备自动启停和容器温度压力的PID调节。在上位机人机界面设计中,使用北京亚控公司的组态王软件进行设计,通过上位机与PLC的变量连接,实现对现场数据的实时监控和管理。
虽然整个控制系统主要设计工作已经完成,在餐厨垃圾处理厂建设完成后,还需要进一步完成设备工艺的优化和软件的改进,以期获得更好的控制效果。
Food waste as an important part of human daily life rubbish occupies almost 1/6 of the total amount of urban living garbage in our country. But it is of high moisture and contains high organic matters, so it need to be processed separately.However, the recycling technology of food waste is still in the infancy at present in our country, the collection, transportation and processing system are not consummate yet and the corresponding management operation system needs to be improved and disposed arbitrarily that has seriously influenced the urban environment.
For the demand of food waste resources recycling, Wuhan BaiXin Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd. has made a 300t/d food waste processing project. On this background, the researvh using automatic control principle, programmable controller and configuration software to design a microcomputer automatic control system, which is suitable for control requirements of food waste is bringing forward. The system can realize process automatical and intelligent process and improve the efficiency.
This paper introduced a design of PLC control system of food waste processing, which uses Siemens S7-200 series PLC to be an automation control equipment. The thesis consists of the overall design of food waste processing, hardware design and software based on PLC and human machine interface.
Firstly, the thesis analysised the production of food waste processing, for understanding the production control requirements, then presented the overall scheme, network communication mode, and human machine interface scheme.Secondly, completed the system’s hardware selection according to the production needs,selected the S7-200 series of CPU224+ two EM223 +two EM235 +three EM232 as a control components. Then, assignmented the I/O address, designed the main circuit, control circuit and external wiring diagram of PLC. The MicroWIN software was be used to design a program that can automatically start and stop the equipments of deferent processing field, the protect program for detecting the failure, and bring the alarm, and the PID control arithmetic be use to regulate the container temperature and pressure. In the desige of the human machine interface, the KingView software of Beijing Wellintech Co., Ltd. is used to realize the real-time data monitoring and management through the connection of PLC and PC.
Although the research has completed the main design work of whole control system, after the food waste processing factory is builded, the furture work and study could be continued for optimizing the equipments and processing, improving the software in order to achieve more better control processing result.
针对餐厨垃圾“资源化循环利用”的需求,武汉百信环保能源科技有限公司提出300t/d餐厨垃圾处理工程,本课题就是以此为研究背景,利用自动控制原理、可编程控制器、工业自动化组态软件等技术,根据餐厨垃圾处理的工艺流程,按照餐厨垃圾处理的控制要求,设计与之配套的微机自动控制系统,实现处理过程的自动化、智能化,提高加工处理效率。
论文介绍一种餐厨垃圾处理PLC控制系统的设计方案,利用西门子S7-200系列PLC对工厂设备进行自动化控制。论文主要内容包括餐厨垃圾处理总体控制方案设计、电气控制PLC硬件设计、软件设计、人机界面设计等四大部分。
首先通过分析餐厨垃圾处理的生产工艺,明确生产控制要求,从而提出控制系统的总体方案、网络通信方式和人机界面设计方案。然后,根据生产需要完成系统的硬件选型,选择西门子S7-200系列的CPU224 +2个EM223+2个EM235+3个EM232,并进一步完成PLC控制系统的I/O地址分配和电气原理图设计,设计控制系统的主电路图、控制电路图和PLC外围接线图。利用MicroWIN软件进行顺序启停程序、保护连锁程序和PID控制程序的编写,实现现场设备自动启停和容器温度压力的PID调节。在上位机人机界面设计中,使用北京亚控公司的组态王软件进行设计,通过上位机与PLC的变量连接,实现对现场数据的实时监控和管理。
虽然整个控制系统主要设计工作已经完成,在餐厨垃圾处理厂建设完成后,还需要进一步完成设备工艺的优化和软件的改进,以期获得更好的控制效果。
Food waste as an important part of human daily life rubbish occupies almost 1/6 of the total amount of urban living garbage in our country. But it is of high moisture and contains high organic matters, so it need to be processed separately.However, the recycling technology of food waste is still in the infancy at present in our country, the collection, transportation and processing system are not consummate yet and the corresponding management operation system needs to be improved and disposed arbitrarily that has seriously influenced the urban environment.
For the demand of food waste resources recycling, Wuhan BaiXin Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd. has made a 300t/d food waste processing project. On this background, the researvh using automatic control principle, programmable controller and configuration software to design a microcomputer automatic control system, which is suitable for control requirements of food waste is bringing forward. The system can realize process automatical and intelligent process and improve the efficiency.
This paper introduced a design of PLC control system of food waste processing, which uses Siemens S7-200 series PLC to be an automation control equipment. The thesis consists of the overall design of food waste processing, hardware design and software based on PLC and human machine interface.
Firstly, the thesis analysised the production of food waste processing, for understanding the production control requirements, then presented the overall scheme, network communication mode, and human machine interface scheme.Secondly, completed the system’s hardware selection according to the production needs,selected the S7-200 series of CPU224+ two EM223 +two EM235 +three EM232 as a control components. Then, assignmented the I/O address, designed the main circuit, control circuit and external wiring diagram of PLC. The MicroWIN software was be used to design a program that can automatically start and stop the equipments of deferent processing field, the protect program for detecting the failure, and bring the alarm, and the PID control arithmetic be use to regulate the container temperature and pressure. In the desige of the human machine interface, the KingView software of Beijing Wellintech Co., Ltd. is used to realize the real-time data monitoring and management through the connection of PLC and PC.
Although the research has completed the main design work of whole control system, after the food waste processing factory is builded, the furture work and study could be continued for optimizing the equipments and processing, improving the software in order to achieve more better control processing result.
引文
[1]谷庆宝,郑丙辉,李发生,等.国内外餐饮垃圾的管理[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2004,5(6):17-20.
[2]唐浩.高强度有机垃圾快速处理技术研究—餐厨垃圾处理方案比选研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2007.
[3]王丹阳,弓爱君,张振星,等.北京市餐厨垃圾的处理现状及发展趋势[J].环境卫生工程,2010,18(1):24-28.
[4]关于组织开展城市餐厨废弃物资源化利用和无害化处理试点工作的通知(发改办环资[2010]1020号)
[5]盛金良,杨志强,朱强.餐厨垃圾生态循环综合处置方案初探[J].上海环境科学,2009,28(6):242-245,249.
[6]王向会,李广魏,孟虹,等.国内外餐厨垃圾处理状况概述[J].环境卫生工程,2005,13(2):41-43.
[7]王星敏,郑旭煦,吕靖.餐饮废渣资源化开发与利用[J].重庆工商大学学报,2007,24(3):280-283.
[8]王星,王德汉,张玉帅,等.国内外餐厨垃圾的生物处理及资源化技术进展[J].环境卫生工程,2005,13(2):25-29.
[9] Kim, P.J., Chang, K.W., Min, K.H.. Evaluation of the stability of compost made from food wastes by the fermenting tank[R]. 1995.
[10]华云,王丽莉,张波.我国餐厨垃圾处理现状及主要处理技术应用情况[J].城市管理技术,2009,2:60-63.
[11]黄文雄,刘畅.餐厨垃圾处理现状与发展趋势[J].建设技术,2008,2:90-92.
[12] NQ Arancon, P Bieman, CA Edwards, C Welch.Influences of vermicompostes on field strawberries 1.Effects on growth and yields[J].Bioresource Technology,2004,2(93):145-153.
[13]国家环境保护总局污染控制司.城市固体废物管理与处理处置技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1999.
[14] Sun-Kee Han, Hang-Sik Shin. Biohydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation of food waste[C]. International Association for Hydrogen Energy,2004,6(29):569-577.
[15]胡秀仁.城市生活垃圾处理方式的思考[J].环境保护,2001,3(1):41-43.
[16]谢炜平,梁彦杰,何德文,等.餐厨垃圾资源化技术现状及研究进展[J].环境卫生工程,2008,16(2):43-45,48.
[17]卞荣星,戴成吉,张令钢,等.探析餐厨垃圾无害化处理后的饲料化问题[J].饲料广角,2009,9:26-30.
[18] Intelligent Control and Its Applications in Industrial Process Control.第七届国际测试技术研讨会论文集[C],2007.
[19]张斌,李俊,张晓东. LW-450卧式螺旋沉降离心机的合理应用[J].流体机械,2008,36(3):28,39-41.
[20]郑业明.热电厂水处理自动化控制系统设计与实现[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.
[21]王卫兵.PLC系统通信、扩展与网络互连技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[22] SIEMENS公司. SIMATIC S7-200可编程控制器PLC系统手册[M].2002,10.
[23]马伟民.基于组件技术的人际界面(HMI)研究[D].杭州:杭州电子科技大学,2009.
[24]李方圆.人机界面设计与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2008,2.
[25]西门子(中国)有限公司工业业务领域工业自动化集团.西门子PLC S7-200选型手册[M].1997.
[26] www.ad.siemens.com.cn.西门子(中国)有限公司.
[27] SIEMENS公司. SIMATIC S7-200应用示例[M].1997.
[28] SIEMENS公司.S7-200中文系统手册[M].2000.
[29]西门子(中国)有限公司自动化与驱动集团.深入浅出西门子S7-200 PLC[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,12.
[30] SIEMENS公司.西门子PLC编程手册[M].2002.
[31]廖常初.PLC编程及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[32]王永华等.现代电器控制及PLC应用技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社. 2003,9.
[33] SIEMENS公司.STEP7-Micro/WIN软件用户使用参考手册[M].2004,6.
[34]周小林,张志君,李亚芬等,过程控制系统及仪表[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,1999.
[35]廖常初,可编程控制器应用技术(第三版)[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2000.
[36] Aidan O'Dwye. Handbook of PI and PID controller tuning rules [M]. London: Imperial College Press,2006.
[37]组态王6.53使用手册.北京亚控科技发展有限公司.2007.
[38]组态王驱动帮助.北京亚控科技发展有限公司.2006.
[39]组态王帮助.北京亚控科技发展有限公司.2006.
[40]组态王6.53命令语言函数手册.北京亚控科技发展有限公司.2007.
[2]唐浩.高强度有机垃圾快速处理技术研究—餐厨垃圾处理方案比选研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2007.
[3]王丹阳,弓爱君,张振星,等.北京市餐厨垃圾的处理现状及发展趋势[J].环境卫生工程,2010,18(1):24-28.
[4]关于组织开展城市餐厨废弃物资源化利用和无害化处理试点工作的通知(发改办环资[2010]1020号)
[5]盛金良,杨志强,朱强.餐厨垃圾生态循环综合处置方案初探[J].上海环境科学,2009,28(6):242-245,249.
[6]王向会,李广魏,孟虹,等.国内外餐厨垃圾处理状况概述[J].环境卫生工程,2005,13(2):41-43.
[7]王星敏,郑旭煦,吕靖.餐饮废渣资源化开发与利用[J].重庆工商大学学报,2007,24(3):280-283.
[8]王星,王德汉,张玉帅,等.国内外餐厨垃圾的生物处理及资源化技术进展[J].环境卫生工程,2005,13(2):25-29.
[9] Kim, P.J., Chang, K.W., Min, K.H.. Evaluation of the stability of compost made from food wastes by the fermenting tank[R]. 1995.
[10]华云,王丽莉,张波.我国餐厨垃圾处理现状及主要处理技术应用情况[J].城市管理技术,2009,2:60-63.
[11]黄文雄,刘畅.餐厨垃圾处理现状与发展趋势[J].建设技术,2008,2:90-92.
[12] NQ Arancon, P Bieman, CA Edwards, C Welch.Influences of vermicompostes on field strawberries 1.Effects on growth and yields[J].Bioresource Technology,2004,2(93):145-153.
[13]国家环境保护总局污染控制司.城市固体废物管理与处理处置技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1999.
[14] Sun-Kee Han, Hang-Sik Shin. Biohydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation of food waste[C]. International Association for Hydrogen Energy,2004,6(29):569-577.
[15]胡秀仁.城市生活垃圾处理方式的思考[J].环境保护,2001,3(1):41-43.
[16]谢炜平,梁彦杰,何德文,等.餐厨垃圾资源化技术现状及研究进展[J].环境卫生工程,2008,16(2):43-45,48.
[17]卞荣星,戴成吉,张令钢,等.探析餐厨垃圾无害化处理后的饲料化问题[J].饲料广角,2009,9:26-30.
[18] Intelligent Control and Its Applications in Industrial Process Control.第七届国际测试技术研讨会论文集[C],2007.
[19]张斌,李俊,张晓东. LW-450卧式螺旋沉降离心机的合理应用[J].流体机械,2008,36(3):28,39-41.
[20]郑业明.热电厂水处理自动化控制系统设计与实现[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.
[21]王卫兵.PLC系统通信、扩展与网络互连技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[22] SIEMENS公司. SIMATIC S7-200可编程控制器PLC系统手册[M].2002,10.
[23]马伟民.基于组件技术的人际界面(HMI)研究[D].杭州:杭州电子科技大学,2009.
[24]李方圆.人机界面设计与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2008,2.
[25]西门子(中国)有限公司工业业务领域工业自动化集团.西门子PLC S7-200选型手册[M].1997.
[26] www.ad.siemens.com.cn.西门子(中国)有限公司.
[27] SIEMENS公司. SIMATIC S7-200应用示例[M].1997.
[28] SIEMENS公司.S7-200中文系统手册[M].2000.
[29]西门子(中国)有限公司自动化与驱动集团.深入浅出西门子S7-200 PLC[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,12.
[30] SIEMENS公司.西门子PLC编程手册[M].2002.
[31]廖常初.PLC编程及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[32]王永华等.现代电器控制及PLC应用技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社. 2003,9.
[33] SIEMENS公司.STEP7-Micro/WIN软件用户使用参考手册[M].2004,6.
[34]周小林,张志君,李亚芬等,过程控制系统及仪表[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,1999.
[35]廖常初,可编程控制器应用技术(第三版)[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2000.
[36] Aidan O'Dwye. Handbook of PI and PID controller tuning rules [M]. London: Imperial College Press,2006.
[37]组态王6.53使用手册.北京亚控科技发展有限公司.2007.
[38]组态王驱动帮助.北京亚控科技发展有限公司.2006.
[39]组态王帮助.北京亚控科技发展有限公司.2006.
[40]组态王6.53命令语言函数手册.北京亚控科技发展有限公司.2007.
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