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基于煤巷掘进面瓦斯涌出指标实时突出预测技术研究
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摘要
煤与瓦斯突出是煤矿井下较为严重的灾害事故,严重威胁煤矿的安全生产,制约着煤矿的高产高效和经济效益。从本质上讲,煤与瓦斯突出是一种复杂的动力现象。目前的研究广泛认为它与地应力、瓦斯因素和煤的物理力学性质有关,对于煤与瓦斯突出,目前仍无法达到准确预测、及时预警的目的,一旦异常情况发生,井下作业人员猝不及防,便会造成人员伤亡。
     长期的煤矿生产实践证明,煤与瓦斯突出前,常伴随有工作面瓦斯涌出异常,如瓦斯涌出变大或忽大忽小等现象,煤与瓦斯突出过程中也伴随有大量的瓦斯涌出,为此,利用工作面瓦斯动态涌出预测来预测工作面前方突出危险性不失为一种有效的手段。通过研究,建立掘进工作面瓦斯涌出连续性突出预测方法和确定预测指标及临界值;提高预测突出的连续性和可靠性,实现掘进工作面超前动态预测,防止煤与瓦斯突出事故的发生,以适合于煤炭高效安全开采的需要。
     本文以淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司潘一矿为研究对象,主要研究了掘进工作面正常瓦斯涌出与突出前瓦斯涌出的变化关系、不同作业工序的瓦斯涌出动态规律、落煤期间瓦斯放散规律、巷道壁瓦斯涌出规律。利用数学方法建立掘进工作面瓦斯动态涌出预测的数学模型,通过研究掘进工作面瓦斯动态涌出曲线的典型特征、瓦斯涌出动态变化规律与突出危险性的关系;确定掘进工作面的瓦斯涌出动态预测敏感指标及其突出预测临界值,建立掘进工作面瓦斯涌出指标连续性突出预测方法,综合判断掘进工作面当前地点的安全状况及前方的潜在危险性。从而达到减少瓦斯灾害事故的发生,保障矿井安全生产。
Coal and gas outburst is a severer disastrous accident in coal mine that threatens coal security and limits the high production and high efficiency and the economic benefit of the coal mines. Essentially, coal and gas outburst is a complicated dynamical phenomenon. At present, it is affected by the geostatic stress, gas and the mechanical and physical properties of coal, but the accurate prediction and timely pre-warning of the coal and gas outburst can not be realized. Once dose the abnormal conditions occur, the miners are unprepared, which causes the casualty.
     It is improved by the long-term coal mine production that before the coal and gas outburst, the abnormal gas-effusion often occurs, for example, the gas emission quantity gets larger or protean. During the coal and gas outburst, the gas emission quantity also gets larger. Therefore, predicting the danger in the front of the working face with the dynamic gas-effusion is a effective method. Through researches, erecting the method to predict gas outburst with the continuity of the gas emission and determining the predicting indexes and the critical value can increase the continuity and reliability of predicting outbursts, realize the dynamic predication of the outburst in excavation face and avoid it take place, which is suitable for the need of the efficiency and safety mining.
     In this thesis, combining with Panyi Mine of HuaiNan Mining Group, the relation between the normal gas emission and it before the outburst, the dynamic law of the gas emission at different working procedures, the spreading law during cutting the coal and the law of gas emission from the roadway wall were studied. The mathematical model to predict the gas emission in the excavation face was erected. By studying the typical characteristic of the dynamic curve describing the gas emission and the relation between the dynamic law of gas emission and outburst hazard, the sensitive indexes on the dynamic prediction of the gas emission and the critical value of the outburst were determined and the continuous predicting method of outburst based on the indexes of the gas emission in excavation face was erected, which can synthetically estimate the security situation of current location and the potentially dangerous in front of the face and lessen the gas accidents to safeguard the mine safety production.
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