震后中学生的灾难暴露、家庭复原力和创伤后成长的关系研究
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摘要
家庭复原力是指家庭本身所具有的或学习而来的特质,是作为一个功能单位的家庭,面对或逆境应对和适应的过程,它是由能增进家庭应对和适应压力和逆境的多层次、多维度的因子构成。震后中学生在经历地震后表现出积极成长和改变,家庭复原力对其有预测作用。
采用问卷调查法调查了茂县、广元元坝、资阳安岳三地5所中学1049名初中生,探讨地震后中学生的灾难暴露、家庭复原力和创伤后成长的关系,主要结论如下:
(1)地震发生当时中学的主观害怕程度较高;震后中学生的家庭都拥有一定的家庭复原力,在困境解读、正向前瞻、问题解决、亲密和谐、秩序井然、合作协调表现较好;地震后中学生表现出创伤后成长。
(2)在正向前瞻、社会支持、情感分享、家庭信念上,不同的性别之间存在显著差异,男生在社会支持、情感分享上的得分高于女生,女生在正向前瞻、家庭信念上的得分高于男生。
(3)在生活卓越上,不同居住地的中学生之间存在显著差异,居住在城镇的中学生高于居住在农村的中学生。
(4)初中与高中之间的年级差异较大,在人员伤亡、财产损失、灾难暴露、困境解读、生活卓越、新的生活可能性上,差异较为显著;其中,初一、初二年级的人员伤亡、财产损失、灾难暴露均少于高一、高二年级;在生活卓越、新的生活可能性上,初一、初二年级均高于高二、高三年级。
(5)在亲密和谐、社会支持、情感分享、清晰交流、合作协调、家庭力量、家庭复原力、与他人关系、新的生活可能性、创伤后成长上,来自极重灾区、重灾区的中学生均高于来自一般灾区的中学生。
(6)灾难暴露、家庭复原力、创伤后成长之间存在显著相关,在三者的作用机制中,灾难暴露作为前置变量,创伤后成长作为结果变量,家庭复原力起着部分中介效应。
(7)家庭复原力的四个一阶因子:问题解决、秩序井然、正向前瞻、社会支持,家庭复原力二阶因子:家庭信念、家庭力量,均对创伤后成长有显著预测作用。
Family resilience refers to the family itself has the characteristics or learning from, as a functional unit of the family, in the face or the stress response and adaptation process, it is able to respond and adapt to enhance the family's multi-level pressure and stress , multi-dimensional factor composition. After the earthquake, secondary school students have showed a positive growth and change, because the family has a direct role in their resilience.
The study investigates 1049 secondary school students from 5 junior high school, which come from Mao Xian, Guangyuan Yuanba, Ziyang Anyue,to discuss the relationship between traumatic exposure ,family resilience and post-traumatic growth of secondary school students after the earthquake disaster. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) The earthquake was a subjective fear of higher secondary schools; After the earthquake, the family of middle school students has some resilience in difficult interpretation, such as positive forward-looking, problem solving, close and harmonious, orderly, better cooperation and coordination; Students after the earthquake showed post-traumatic growth.
(2)There is difference between boys and girls in a positive forward-looking, social support, emotional sharing, and family beliefs. In social support and emotional, the score of boys is higher than girls, and in a positive forward-looking, and family beliefs, the score of girls is higher than boys.
(3) In the life of excellence, there were significant differences between high school students from different areas. The score of students living in urban areas are higher than students living in rural areas.
(4) In casualties and property losses, disaster exposure, difficult interpretation, life of excellence, the possibility of new life, the difference is more significant between the middle school students and the high school students. The first and the second grade casualties, property losses, disaster exposure were less than high school, sophomore year andin the life of excellence, the possibility of new life, the first year and the second year are higher than High School, Middle School grades.
(5)In close harmony, social support, emotional sharing, clear communication, cooperation and coordination, family strength, family resilience, relationships with others, the possibility of new life, post-traumatic growth, and from the very hardest hit, the hardest hit high school students were higher than high school students from the general disaster.
(6)Catastrophe exposure, family resilience, posttraumatic growth was significantly correlated between the three mechanisms of action, the disaster as a pre-exposure variable, post-traumatic growth as the outcome variable, family resilience plays a part of the mediating effect.
(7) Family resilience of the four first-order factors: problem solving, orderly, positive forward-looking, social support, family resilience order factor: family beliefs, family strength, both on post-traumatic growth were significant predictors of effect.
采用问卷调查法调查了茂县、广元元坝、资阳安岳三地5所中学1049名初中生,探讨地震后中学生的灾难暴露、家庭复原力和创伤后成长的关系,主要结论如下:
(1)地震发生当时中学的主观害怕程度较高;震后中学生的家庭都拥有一定的家庭复原力,在困境解读、正向前瞻、问题解决、亲密和谐、秩序井然、合作协调表现较好;地震后中学生表现出创伤后成长。
(2)在正向前瞻、社会支持、情感分享、家庭信念上,不同的性别之间存在显著差异,男生在社会支持、情感分享上的得分高于女生,女生在正向前瞻、家庭信念上的得分高于男生。
(3)在生活卓越上,不同居住地的中学生之间存在显著差异,居住在城镇的中学生高于居住在农村的中学生。
(4)初中与高中之间的年级差异较大,在人员伤亡、财产损失、灾难暴露、困境解读、生活卓越、新的生活可能性上,差异较为显著;其中,初一、初二年级的人员伤亡、财产损失、灾难暴露均少于高一、高二年级;在生活卓越、新的生活可能性上,初一、初二年级均高于高二、高三年级。
(5)在亲密和谐、社会支持、情感分享、清晰交流、合作协调、家庭力量、家庭复原力、与他人关系、新的生活可能性、创伤后成长上,来自极重灾区、重灾区的中学生均高于来自一般灾区的中学生。
(6)灾难暴露、家庭复原力、创伤后成长之间存在显著相关,在三者的作用机制中,灾难暴露作为前置变量,创伤后成长作为结果变量,家庭复原力起着部分中介效应。
(7)家庭复原力的四个一阶因子:问题解决、秩序井然、正向前瞻、社会支持,家庭复原力二阶因子:家庭信念、家庭力量,均对创伤后成长有显著预测作用。
Family resilience refers to the family itself has the characteristics or learning from, as a functional unit of the family, in the face or the stress response and adaptation process, it is able to respond and adapt to enhance the family's multi-level pressure and stress , multi-dimensional factor composition. After the earthquake, secondary school students have showed a positive growth and change, because the family has a direct role in their resilience.
The study investigates 1049 secondary school students from 5 junior high school, which come from Mao Xian, Guangyuan Yuanba, Ziyang Anyue,to discuss the relationship between traumatic exposure ,family resilience and post-traumatic growth of secondary school students after the earthquake disaster. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) The earthquake was a subjective fear of higher secondary schools; After the earthquake, the family of middle school students has some resilience in difficult interpretation, such as positive forward-looking, problem solving, close and harmonious, orderly, better cooperation and coordination; Students after the earthquake showed post-traumatic growth.
(2)There is difference between boys and girls in a positive forward-looking, social support, emotional sharing, and family beliefs. In social support and emotional, the score of boys is higher than girls, and in a positive forward-looking, and family beliefs, the score of girls is higher than boys.
(3) In the life of excellence, there were significant differences between high school students from different areas. The score of students living in urban areas are higher than students living in rural areas.
(4) In casualties and property losses, disaster exposure, difficult interpretation, life of excellence, the possibility of new life, the difference is more significant between the middle school students and the high school students. The first and the second grade casualties, property losses, disaster exposure were less than high school, sophomore year andin the life of excellence, the possibility of new life, the first year and the second year are higher than High School, Middle School grades.
(5)In close harmony, social support, emotional sharing, clear communication, cooperation and coordination, family strength, family resilience, relationships with others, the possibility of new life, post-traumatic growth, and from the very hardest hit, the hardest hit high school students were higher than high school students from the general disaster.
(6)Catastrophe exposure, family resilience, posttraumatic growth was significantly correlated between the three mechanisms of action, the disaster as a pre-exposure variable, post-traumatic growth as the outcome variable, family resilience plays a part of the mediating effect.
(7) Family resilience of the four first-order factors: problem solving, orderly, positive forward-looking, social support, family resilience order factor: family beliefs, family strength, both on post-traumatic growth were significant predictors of effect.
引文
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