菝葜药用植物资源品质与其生态环境相关性研究
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摘要
菝葜(Smilax china L.),又名金刚藤,为常用中药,收载于《中国药典》2010年版一部,具有祛风利湿、解毒散淤等功效,可用于筋骨酸痛、小便淋漓、带下量多、疔疮痈肿。以菝葜原料药材研制的中药制剂主要用于治疗慢性盆腔炎、附件炎,且疗效显著。本论文对菝葜药用植物的分布特点、生长环境进行了调查,收集了药材样品和相关的生态环境资料,并且对不同产地菝葜药用植物的品质与其生态环境的相关性进行了研究,为优选菝葜药用植物生长最佳环境和规范菝葜GAP种植提供了理论依据。
2009年10月～12月,采用实地调查和资料收集相结合的方式,对湖北、江西、河南、安徽、湖南、广东、广西、浙江以及重庆等地区菝葜药用植物资源分布以及生态环境进行了调查,同时收集菝葜分布地的气候数据、生态数据以及土样和菝葜样品,为探讨菝葜药用植物资源品质与生态环境的关系奠定了基础。
采用薄层色谱法,分别以薯蓣皂苷元、白藜芦醇、黄杞苷和落新妇苷为对照品,对菝葜不同产地药材进行了薄层色谱鉴别；采用高效液相色谱法,测定了不同产地菝葜药材中薯蓣皂苷元含量、白藜芦醇含量、黄杞苷和落新妇苷总含量；采用紫外分光光度法,测定了不同菝葜药材中总皂苷的含量；并采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC-ELSD),首次建立了菝葜药用植物的指纹图谱,标定了13个共有峰,指认了白藜芦醇、黄杞苷、落新妇苷和槲皮素4个指纹峰,方法重现性和稳定性好,相似度高。从而为菝葜药用植物的质量评价提供了依据。
采用pH计法、凯氏定氮法、酸提-钼锑抗比色法、碱熔-火焰光度法、甲亚胺-H比色法,分别测定了不同环境下的土壤的pH值、氮、磷、钾、硼元素的含量；采用DTPA浸提—原子吸收分光光度法法,测定不同环境下的土壤中铜、铁、锰、锌的含量,对菝葜药用植物生长的不同土壤环境进行了研究,为规范菝葜药用植物的GAP种植提供了依据。
综合分析不同产地菝葜药材的资源品质,优选出品质好的菝葜产区,利用SPSS18.0软件,将菝莫药用植物品质指标和搜集的生态环境资料进行相关性分析、逐步回归分析与通径分析,可以得出重庆涪陵地区、湖北通城菝葜GAP种植基地、广东韶关地区、湖北麻城以及江西九江杨家垅的菝莫品质较高,认为适合菝葜生长的环境因素由以下生态因子构成：海拔高度250 m-800 m,年均气温为14℃-20℃,年日照时数为1200 h-2200 h,年总积温5300℃-6900℃,年降水量为1100 mm-1800 mm,土壤为黄壤土,pH为4.6-5.1,氮元素含量为0.29-1.16mg·kg-1,锰元素含量为0.37-36.1mg·kg-1,铁元素含量为8.73-67.0 mg·kg-1,硼元素含量为0.30-4.59mg·kg-1.
Smilax china L., popularly known in China as "Jin Gang Teng", belongs to the Liliaceae family. It's commonly used Chinese medicine, which was collected in the "The Chinese Pharmacopoeia"in 2010 version. It has various pharmacological effects including relieve sickness wet and disintoxication and so on. The Chinese medicine preparation of the active sites of Smilax china L.has good therapeutie efficacy against annexitis, and various gynecological inflammation diseases.This paper make the investigation of distribution characteristics and growing environment of the Smilax china L., collect sample of the medicine and information of the correlactive environment,study on the relativity between the quality of Smilax china L. of the different origion and the growing environment.The study which were improved can lay the foundation for selecting the best growing environment for Smilax china L. and provide a basis for regulating GAP of Smilax china L.
Resource distribution and ecological environment of Smilax china L.medicinal plant form HUBEI、JIANGXI、HENAN、ANHUI、HUNAN、GUANGDONG、GUANGXI、ZHEJIANG、CHONGQING were investiged by the investigations and inquiries, from October to December 2009.Then we collect the data of climate, data of the ecology, the soil sample and sample of the Smilax china L., which offering abundant scienfic basis of the connection with the resource quality and the ecological environment.
With Diosgenin, Resveratrol, Engeletin, Astilbin as reference substance, using TLC method to identify the Smilax china L.; using HPLC method to analysis the content mentioned in the Smilax china L. from different origion.With Dioscin as reference substance, using UV method to determine the total saponin content of the medicinal plant. And it is the first that formulate the fingerprint of the Smilax china L. by HPLC-ELSD. Thirteen shared peaks were found in the fingerprints and four peaks were identified to Resveratrol, Engeletin, Astilbin and Quercetin. The analytical method, good credibility and stability.All above mentioned may offer abundant scienfic basis of the quality evaluation of the Smilax china L. medicincal plant.
Soil pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Kalium, Boron, zinc, manganese, iron, copper of different environment were determined successively by pH-meter, by kjeldahl determination, by acdi maceration and molybdenum-stibium-ascorbic acid colorimety, by alkali fusion and flame photometry, by Azomethine-H hydrate colorimety, by DTPA lixiviating and the AAS.Massive trace element in soils that Smilax china L. medicincal plant lived were determined in order to offer a basis for regulating plant of Smilax china L.
We evaluated the quality index of the Smilax china L. to optimize the best region where yield the best Smilax china L..According to the grade, we can consider that the Fuling prefecture of Chongqing Province, the Tongcheng prefecture of Hubei Province, the Shaoguan prefecture of Guangdong Province, the Macheng prefecture of Hubei Province, the Jiujiang prefecture of Jiangxi Province are the region given the best Smilax china L.Correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and path analysis about the quality index of Smilax china L. and information of the ecological environment were analysed by SPSS 18.0. The result show that environmental factor such sa Nitrogen, Manganese, Iron, Boron, elevation, accumulated temperature, precipitation probably could influence the quality of Smilax china L.. By comprehensive analysis, we consirderated that the best growth stems for Smilax china L.were composed of several factors, including elevation between 250 meters and 800 meters in, average temperature beteen 14℃and 20℃, sunshine duration between 1200 hours and 2200 hours, accumulated temperature between 5300℃and 6900℃, average precipitation between 1100 mm and 1800 mm, yellow soil, pH between 4.6 and 5.1, the content of Nitrogen between 0.29mg·kg-1 and 1.16mg·kg-1,the content of Manganese between 0.37 mg·kg-1 and 36.1 mg·kg-1,the content of Iron between 8.73 mg·kg-1 and 67.0 mg·kg-1,the content of Boron between 0.30 mg·kg-1 and 4.59 mg·kg-1.
2009年10月～12月,采用实地调查和资料收集相结合的方式,对湖北、江西、河南、安徽、湖南、广东、广西、浙江以及重庆等地区菝葜药用植物资源分布以及生态环境进行了调查,同时收集菝葜分布地的气候数据、生态数据以及土样和菝葜样品,为探讨菝葜药用植物资源品质与生态环境的关系奠定了基础。
采用薄层色谱法,分别以薯蓣皂苷元、白藜芦醇、黄杞苷和落新妇苷为对照品,对菝葜不同产地药材进行了薄层色谱鉴别；采用高效液相色谱法,测定了不同产地菝葜药材中薯蓣皂苷元含量、白藜芦醇含量、黄杞苷和落新妇苷总含量；采用紫外分光光度法,测定了不同菝葜药材中总皂苷的含量；并采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC-ELSD),首次建立了菝葜药用植物的指纹图谱,标定了13个共有峰,指认了白藜芦醇、黄杞苷、落新妇苷和槲皮素4个指纹峰,方法重现性和稳定性好,相似度高。从而为菝葜药用植物的质量评价提供了依据。
采用pH计法、凯氏定氮法、酸提-钼锑抗比色法、碱熔-火焰光度法、甲亚胺-H比色法,分别测定了不同环境下的土壤的pH值、氮、磷、钾、硼元素的含量；采用DTPA浸提—原子吸收分光光度法法,测定不同环境下的土壤中铜、铁、锰、锌的含量,对菝葜药用植物生长的不同土壤环境进行了研究,为规范菝葜药用植物的GAP种植提供了依据。
综合分析不同产地菝葜药材的资源品质,优选出品质好的菝葜产区,利用SPSS18.0软件,将菝莫药用植物品质指标和搜集的生态环境资料进行相关性分析、逐步回归分析与通径分析,可以得出重庆涪陵地区、湖北通城菝葜GAP种植基地、广东韶关地区、湖北麻城以及江西九江杨家垅的菝莫品质较高,认为适合菝葜生长的环境因素由以下生态因子构成：海拔高度250 m-800 m,年均气温为14℃-20℃,年日照时数为1200 h-2200 h,年总积温5300℃-6900℃,年降水量为1100 mm-1800 mm,土壤为黄壤土,pH为4.6-5.1,氮元素含量为0.29-1.16mg·kg-1,锰元素含量为0.37-36.1mg·kg-1,铁元素含量为8.73-67.0 mg·kg-1,硼元素含量为0.30-4.59mg·kg-1.
Smilax china L., popularly known in China as "Jin Gang Teng", belongs to the Liliaceae family. It's commonly used Chinese medicine, which was collected in the "The Chinese Pharmacopoeia"in 2010 version. It has various pharmacological effects including relieve sickness wet and disintoxication and so on. The Chinese medicine preparation of the active sites of Smilax china L.has good therapeutie efficacy against annexitis, and various gynecological inflammation diseases.This paper make the investigation of distribution characteristics and growing environment of the Smilax china L., collect sample of the medicine and information of the correlactive environment,study on the relativity between the quality of Smilax china L. of the different origion and the growing environment.The study which were improved can lay the foundation for selecting the best growing environment for Smilax china L. and provide a basis for regulating GAP of Smilax china L.
Resource distribution and ecological environment of Smilax china L.medicinal plant form HUBEI、JIANGXI、HENAN、ANHUI、HUNAN、GUANGDONG、GUANGXI、ZHEJIANG、CHONGQING were investiged by the investigations and inquiries, from October to December 2009.Then we collect the data of climate, data of the ecology, the soil sample and sample of the Smilax china L., which offering abundant scienfic basis of the connection with the resource quality and the ecological environment.
With Diosgenin, Resveratrol, Engeletin, Astilbin as reference substance, using TLC method to identify the Smilax china L.; using HPLC method to analysis the content mentioned in the Smilax china L. from different origion.With Dioscin as reference substance, using UV method to determine the total saponin content of the medicinal plant. And it is the first that formulate the fingerprint of the Smilax china L. by HPLC-ELSD. Thirteen shared peaks were found in the fingerprints and four peaks were identified to Resveratrol, Engeletin, Astilbin and Quercetin. The analytical method, good credibility and stability.All above mentioned may offer abundant scienfic basis of the quality evaluation of the Smilax china L. medicincal plant.
Soil pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Kalium, Boron, zinc, manganese, iron, copper of different environment were determined successively by pH-meter, by kjeldahl determination, by acdi maceration and molybdenum-stibium-ascorbic acid colorimety, by alkali fusion and flame photometry, by Azomethine-H hydrate colorimety, by DTPA lixiviating and the AAS.Massive trace element in soils that Smilax china L. medicincal plant lived were determined in order to offer a basis for regulating plant of Smilax china L.
We evaluated the quality index of the Smilax china L. to optimize the best region where yield the best Smilax china L..According to the grade, we can consider that the Fuling prefecture of Chongqing Province, the Tongcheng prefecture of Hubei Province, the Shaoguan prefecture of Guangdong Province, the Macheng prefecture of Hubei Province, the Jiujiang prefecture of Jiangxi Province are the region given the best Smilax china L.Correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and path analysis about the quality index of Smilax china L. and information of the ecological environment were analysed by SPSS 18.0. The result show that environmental factor such sa Nitrogen, Manganese, Iron, Boron, elevation, accumulated temperature, precipitation probably could influence the quality of Smilax china L.. By comprehensive analysis, we consirderated that the best growth stems for Smilax china L.were composed of several factors, including elevation between 250 meters and 800 meters in, average temperature beteen 14℃and 20℃, sunshine duration between 1200 hours and 2200 hours, accumulated temperature between 5300℃and 6900℃, average precipitation between 1100 mm and 1800 mm, yellow soil, pH between 4.6 and 5.1, the content of Nitrogen between 0.29mg·kg-1 and 1.16mg·kg-1,the content of Manganese between 0.37 mg·kg-1 and 36.1 mg·kg-1,the content of Iron between 8.73 mg·kg-1 and 67.0 mg·kg-1,the content of Boron between 0.30 mg·kg-1 and 4.59 mg·kg-1.
引文
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