基于GIS的山核桃生长适宜性评价研究
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摘要
山核桃是高经济价值树种,近年来浙江、安徽等省份掀起了其产业化发展的热潮。当前,国内外学者、专家对山核桃的生物学特性、高产稳产技术、繁育技术、和产品加工等方面有大量研究,但对山核桃生长适宜性的研究仍处于定性评价阶段。人们对山核桃分布的限制性因素认识仍十分有限,对山核桃分布与其生态环境之间的相互关系缺乏定量化研究结论,常造成引种栽培的失败。山核桃适生环境条件的定量化研究,对指导山核桃大面积引种、扩种具有重要的指导意义。
本文以山核桃核心产区——浙江省临安市为研究区域,利用森林资源二类调查数据获取研究区内山核桃分布状况及相应的环境数据,从数字高程模型中提取各地形因子,综合应用主成分分析、层次分析及模糊数学隶属函数等建立模糊综合评价模型,并以此来预测山核桃潜在适生区域。其研究内容和主要成果如下:
(1)山核桃分布环境因子数据库构建:以30米分辨率的DEM为主要数据源,通过GIS的空间分析功能获取研究区域各小班的海拔、坡向、地表曲率、坡度、太阳辐射指数和湿度指数等属性值,结合森林资源二类调查结果,获取山核桃分布现状图及土壤类型、母质、土层厚度等土壤数据,建立山核桃分布环境因子数据库。
(2)山核桃分布主导因子分析及适生环境评价模型构建:通过主成分分析、层次分析法筛选影响山核桃生长的关键因子及确定因子权重,利用模糊数学隶属函数对各因子进行量化分级,并建立山核桃适生环境综合评价模型。
(3)山核桃适宜性分级评价及适生区域预测:以小班为评价单元,利用上述建立的综合评价模型,在ArcGIS中对研究区域内山核桃的适生性进行评价并将其分成:最适宜区、比较适宜区、一般适宜区和不适宜区四个区域。预测全市有50.2%适宜山核桃生长。实际调查的208462亩山核桃落在最适宜区,占山核桃总面积的47.7%;165664亩山核桃落在比较适宜区,占山核桃总面积的37.9%;50060亩山核桃落在一般适宜区,占山核桃总面积的11.5%;12760亩山核桃落在不适宜区,占山核桃总面积的2.9%。与实际分布图进行叠加分析表明:现有山核桃有85.6%位于最适宜区及较适宜区,有11.5%位于一般适宜区,预测结果有一定参考价值。
Carya Cathayensis Sarg. is a species of economic forest which have better economic benefits. Inrecent years, Zhejiang, Anhui and other provinces set off a wave of its industrial development. Thepresent lots of researches for Carya Cathayensis Sarg. have been conducted by the domestic andforeign scholars and experts, which include its biological characters, breed technique, high and stableyield technique and products processing and so on, but the research of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. landsuitability evaluation is still at the qualitative stage. Because it is little information on CaryaCathayensis Sarg. growing limiting factors and lack of quantitative research on relationship betweenits distribution and its land suitability,which result in the failure of introduction and cultivation.Thequantitative research on suitable environment of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. have important directive toguide introduction and expansion of Carya Cathayensis Sarg.
In this paper, Lin'an City as the study area,the distribution of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. trees wereextracted from forest resource inventory second-class datas,and deriving terrain factors fromDEM,combined with principal component analysis,analysis hierarchy process(AHP) and membershipfunction in fuzzy mathematics,the comprehensive evaluation model of suitable environmental ofCarya Cathayensis Sarg. was established, which used to predict potential suitable areas ofCarya.Cathayensis Sarg..The main contents and the results are as follows:
(1) Establish environment factor database of distribution of Carya Cathayensis Sarg.:30mresolution DEM as a data source, through spatial analysis function of GIS access to property values of elevation, slope, aspect, surface curvature, solar radiation index and index of topographical factorsin study area, combined with the results of field investigation getting the actual distribution of CaryaCathayensis Sarg. and the soil data of soil types, parent material, soil thickness and so on,environment factor database of distribution of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. was established.
(2) Dominant factor analysis of distribution of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. and evaluation model ofsuitable environmental of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. was established: the key affecting factor wasdefined by principal component analysis,the weight of the index are determined by AHP and each factor grade was confirmed by membership function in fuzzy mathematics, then the comprehensiveevaluation model of suitable environmental of Carya Cathayensis Sarg.was established.
(3) Classification evaluate suitability Carya.Cathayensis Sarg. and forecast suitable regions: Inthis paper,each topological polygon data as evaluation units, using the above comprehensiveevaluation model evaluate suitability in the study area in the ArcGIS,and the evaluation results intothe most suitable regions, the better suitable regions,general suitable regions and unsuitableregions.Through forecast,there are 50.2% of lands in Lin’an suitable for the growth of CaryaCathayensis Sarg.. 47.7% of Carya.Cathayensis Sarg. distribute in the most suitable area with 208462acres; 37.9% of Carya.Cathayensis Sarg. distribute in more suitable area with165664 acres; 11.5% ofCarya.Cathayensis Sarg. distribute in generally suitable area with 50060 acres; 2.9% ofCarya.Cathayensis Sarg. distribute in unsuitable area with 12760 acres.Through the actual distributionmap base on the GIS spatial overlay analysis function,the results show that there are 85.6% of theactual distribution of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. in the most suitable regions and the better suitableregions,there are 11.5% in the general suitable regions, and the prediction has some reference value.
本文以山核桃核心产区——浙江省临安市为研究区域,利用森林资源二类调查数据获取研究区内山核桃分布状况及相应的环境数据,从数字高程模型中提取各地形因子,综合应用主成分分析、层次分析及模糊数学隶属函数等建立模糊综合评价模型,并以此来预测山核桃潜在适生区域。其研究内容和主要成果如下:
(1)山核桃分布环境因子数据库构建:以30米分辨率的DEM为主要数据源,通过GIS的空间分析功能获取研究区域各小班的海拔、坡向、地表曲率、坡度、太阳辐射指数和湿度指数等属性值,结合森林资源二类调查结果,获取山核桃分布现状图及土壤类型、母质、土层厚度等土壤数据,建立山核桃分布环境因子数据库。
(2)山核桃分布主导因子分析及适生环境评价模型构建:通过主成分分析、层次分析法筛选影响山核桃生长的关键因子及确定因子权重,利用模糊数学隶属函数对各因子进行量化分级,并建立山核桃适生环境综合评价模型。
(3)山核桃适宜性分级评价及适生区域预测:以小班为评价单元,利用上述建立的综合评价模型,在ArcGIS中对研究区域内山核桃的适生性进行评价并将其分成:最适宜区、比较适宜区、一般适宜区和不适宜区四个区域。预测全市有50.2%适宜山核桃生长。实际调查的208462亩山核桃落在最适宜区,占山核桃总面积的47.7%;165664亩山核桃落在比较适宜区,占山核桃总面积的37.9%;50060亩山核桃落在一般适宜区,占山核桃总面积的11.5%;12760亩山核桃落在不适宜区,占山核桃总面积的2.9%。与实际分布图进行叠加分析表明:现有山核桃有85.6%位于最适宜区及较适宜区,有11.5%位于一般适宜区,预测结果有一定参考价值。
Carya Cathayensis Sarg. is a species of economic forest which have better economic benefits. Inrecent years, Zhejiang, Anhui and other provinces set off a wave of its industrial development. Thepresent lots of researches for Carya Cathayensis Sarg. have been conducted by the domestic andforeign scholars and experts, which include its biological characters, breed technique, high and stableyield technique and products processing and so on, but the research of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. landsuitability evaluation is still at the qualitative stage. Because it is little information on CaryaCathayensis Sarg. growing limiting factors and lack of quantitative research on relationship betweenits distribution and its land suitability,which result in the failure of introduction and cultivation.Thequantitative research on suitable environment of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. have important directive toguide introduction and expansion of Carya Cathayensis Sarg.
In this paper, Lin'an City as the study area,the distribution of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. trees wereextracted from forest resource inventory second-class datas,and deriving terrain factors fromDEM,combined with principal component analysis,analysis hierarchy process(AHP) and membershipfunction in fuzzy mathematics,the comprehensive evaluation model of suitable environmental ofCarya Cathayensis Sarg. was established, which used to predict potential suitable areas ofCarya.Cathayensis Sarg..The main contents and the results are as follows:
(1) Establish environment factor database of distribution of Carya Cathayensis Sarg.:30mresolution DEM as a data source, through spatial analysis function of GIS access to property values of elevation, slope, aspect, surface curvature, solar radiation index and index of topographical factorsin study area, combined with the results of field investigation getting the actual distribution of CaryaCathayensis Sarg. and the soil data of soil types, parent material, soil thickness and so on,environment factor database of distribution of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. was established.
(2) Dominant factor analysis of distribution of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. and evaluation model ofsuitable environmental of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. was established: the key affecting factor wasdefined by principal component analysis,the weight of the index are determined by AHP and each factor grade was confirmed by membership function in fuzzy mathematics, then the comprehensiveevaluation model of suitable environmental of Carya Cathayensis Sarg.was established.
(3) Classification evaluate suitability Carya.Cathayensis Sarg. and forecast suitable regions: Inthis paper,each topological polygon data as evaluation units, using the above comprehensiveevaluation model evaluate suitability in the study area in the ArcGIS,and the evaluation results intothe most suitable regions, the better suitable regions,general suitable regions and unsuitableregions.Through forecast,there are 50.2% of lands in Lin’an suitable for the growth of CaryaCathayensis Sarg.. 47.7% of Carya.Cathayensis Sarg. distribute in the most suitable area with 208462acres; 37.9% of Carya.Cathayensis Sarg. distribute in more suitable area with165664 acres; 11.5% ofCarya.Cathayensis Sarg. distribute in generally suitable area with 50060 acres; 2.9% ofCarya.Cathayensis Sarg. distribute in unsuitable area with 12760 acres.Through the actual distributionmap base on the GIS spatial overlay analysis function,the results show that there are 85.6% of theactual distribution of Carya Cathayensis Sarg. in the most suitable regions and the better suitableregions,there are 11.5% in the general suitable regions, and the prediction has some reference value.
引文
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