苏北沿海森林植被动态及其区域气候效应
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摘要
基于苏北沿海地区1961-2006年的气象资料,本文从较长时间尺度上分析了苏北沿海地区的区域气候变化规律,并从归一化植被指数和森林覆盖度变化角度入手,应用遥感和GIS技术,对沿海地区近10年来的森林植被动态、土地利用变化,及其对区域气候的影响进行了研究。主要研究结果如下：
(1)在大环境气温升高的趋势下,苏北沿海地区的温度亦有所升高,但在近17a来的气温上升幅度有所减缓。在不同季节中,夏季气温增幅较其它3个季节的小,且有减弱趋势。各月份气温变化中,八月份气温变化趋势为负值,年代际变化幅度也呈减弱趋势。
(2)苏北沿海地区的NDVI呈增加趋势,反映了该地区植被活动在增强。在植物生长季节,NDVI增加明显,且以7、8月尤为明显。6、11月份由于农作物的收获,NDVI偏低。
(3)1999-2007年间,盐城、南通、连云港3各沿海城市的植被盖度,存在明显的区域差异性。1999年的植被覆盖度为：盐城>连云港>南通。至2007年,3个城市的植被状况虽然整体上得到改善,但局部地区有退化趋势。如2007年,连云港、南通地区的植被覆盖度提高幅度明显,盐城地区虽然整体有所增加,但局部区域有减少现象。
(4)近年来,苏北沿海地区林地与城镇面积呈增长趋势,而水体、裸地、农田与草地的面积呈现出减少趋势。林地面积的增加对台风有很好的抑制作用,台风发生频次较少、强度较弱,有效保护了当地居民的生命财产安全。另外,对沿海典型县域(建湖)林地与地表温度的相关性研究发现,森林对小气候有明显的影响作用,对县域有整体降温作用。
Based on meteorological data of subei coastal areas from 1961 to 2006, this paper analyzed a long time scales regional climate change. Processing with normalized vegetation index and forest coverage change and applicating remote sensing, GIS technology,10 years of coastal areas of forest vegetation dynamics, the change of land use, and the influence of regional climate was studied. The main research results are as follows:
(1) Under the trend of rising temperatures in the environment, temperature of subei coastal areas rise somewhat, but in recent 17a to temperatures rise by a slowdown. In different seasons, summer temperatures has a smaller growth than the other three seasons and has a decreasing trend. August has a negative trend in temperature change and also decadal variability range shows decreasing trend.
(2) The increasing trend of NDVI in subei coastal area reflecting vegetation activities.In plant growth season, NDVI increase obviously, and in July and August is especially remarkable. While in the harvest season of June and November the NDVI is low.
(3) There is obvious regional diversity of vegetation coverage in yancheng, nantong, Lianyungang from 1999 to 2007.The value of vegetation coverage in 1999:yancheng> lianyungang>nantong. To 2007, vegetation status of three cities has overall improved, but in some local region has degradation trend. For example, the vegetation coverage increase obviously in lianyungang, Nantong, but reduce in some local area of yancheng in 2007.
(4) in recent years, the forestland area and urban area has a growing trend in subei coastal area, while the area of water, bare land, farmland and grassland show decreasing trend. The increase of forestland area has very good inhibition on typhoon to protect the local people's life and property security. Typhoon frequency is down and intensity is weak.In addition, the correlation study of forestland and surface temperature of coastal typical county(JianHu)found that forest has a significant impact on microclimate and has a whole cooling effect for county.
(1)在大环境气温升高的趋势下,苏北沿海地区的温度亦有所升高,但在近17a来的气温上升幅度有所减缓。在不同季节中,夏季气温增幅较其它3个季节的小,且有减弱趋势。各月份气温变化中,八月份气温变化趋势为负值,年代际变化幅度也呈减弱趋势。
(2)苏北沿海地区的NDVI呈增加趋势,反映了该地区植被活动在增强。在植物生长季节,NDVI增加明显,且以7、8月尤为明显。6、11月份由于农作物的收获,NDVI偏低。
(3)1999-2007年间,盐城、南通、连云港3各沿海城市的植被盖度,存在明显的区域差异性。1999年的植被覆盖度为：盐城>连云港>南通。至2007年,3个城市的植被状况虽然整体上得到改善,但局部地区有退化趋势。如2007年,连云港、南通地区的植被覆盖度提高幅度明显,盐城地区虽然整体有所增加,但局部区域有减少现象。
(4)近年来,苏北沿海地区林地与城镇面积呈增长趋势,而水体、裸地、农田与草地的面积呈现出减少趋势。林地面积的增加对台风有很好的抑制作用,台风发生频次较少、强度较弱,有效保护了当地居民的生命财产安全。另外,对沿海典型县域(建湖)林地与地表温度的相关性研究发现,森林对小气候有明显的影响作用,对县域有整体降温作用。
Based on meteorological data of subei coastal areas from 1961 to 2006, this paper analyzed a long time scales regional climate change. Processing with normalized vegetation index and forest coverage change and applicating remote sensing, GIS technology,10 years of coastal areas of forest vegetation dynamics, the change of land use, and the influence of regional climate was studied. The main research results are as follows:
(1) Under the trend of rising temperatures in the environment, temperature of subei coastal areas rise somewhat, but in recent 17a to temperatures rise by a slowdown. In different seasons, summer temperatures has a smaller growth than the other three seasons and has a decreasing trend. August has a negative trend in temperature change and also decadal variability range shows decreasing trend.
(2) The increasing trend of NDVI in subei coastal area reflecting vegetation activities.In plant growth season, NDVI increase obviously, and in July and August is especially remarkable. While in the harvest season of June and November the NDVI is low.
(3) There is obvious regional diversity of vegetation coverage in yancheng, nantong, Lianyungang from 1999 to 2007.The value of vegetation coverage in 1999:yancheng> lianyungang>nantong. To 2007, vegetation status of three cities has overall improved, but in some local region has degradation trend. For example, the vegetation coverage increase obviously in lianyungang, Nantong, but reduce in some local area of yancheng in 2007.
(4) in recent years, the forestland area and urban area has a growing trend in subei coastal area, while the area of water, bare land, farmland and grassland show decreasing trend. The increase of forestland area has very good inhibition on typhoon to protect the local people's life and property security. Typhoon frequency is down and intensity is weak.In addition, the correlation study of forestland and surface temperature of coastal typical county(JianHu)found that forest has a significant impact on microclimate and has a whole cooling effect for county.
引文
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