农产品物流配送过程中三维装载与车辆路径混合问题研究
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摘要
降低物流配送成本是提高物流企业竞争力的有利手段。在物流配送过程中,车辆装载和配送路径是两个重要阶段,合理有效的装载方案和配送路径用于指导物流配送是十分必要的。本文在对装载、车辆路径优化问题进行大量文献研究以及对农产品配送中心等进行调研的基础上,分析了影响农产品物流配送的主要因素,建立了具有农产品特点的多约束三维装载与车辆路径混合问题(three-dimensional loading multi-capacitated vehicle routing problem, 3L-MVRP)的模型,结合启发式算法和改进的遗传算法对模型进行了求解验证,开发了基于web的农产品配送决策支持系统。重点做了以下三个方面的工作:
(1)三维装载与车辆路径混合问题的农产品配送模型构建:结合农产品物流配送过程,考虑容量、体积、重心、放置方向、易碎性、订单完整性、订单顺序等多种约束条件,通过合理的简化假设,综合考虑车辆装载率和路径运输成本等因素,建立以配送成本最低为目标的3L-MVRP模型。
(2)基于启发式算法和遗传算法的3L-MVRP求解:配送过程求解中采用了最底最左优先和最大面积接触的启发式和扫描算法和遗传算法。详细设计了遗传算法的编码、初始种群生成、适应度函数的设计、选择策略、遗传操作等。并经过了实例验证。
(3)农产品配送决策支持系统设计与实现:通过对配送决策系统的需求分析,采用JAVA语言实现文中研究的3L-MVRP模型的相应算法,采用JAVA3D技术对配送结果进行可视化展示,采用J2EE技术实现农产品配送决策支持系统,为农产品物流企业的配送提供决策支持。
Reducing logistics distribution costs the most effective way to improve the overall level of enterprise logistics and maintain competitiveness. loading and distribution routing problem are important in logistics distribution. Reasonable and effective programme of three-dimensional loading multi-capacitated vehicle routing problem (3L-MVRP) can be guided distribution. Based on specific research of the theories about logistics distribution technologies, loading, three-dimensional loading capacitated vehicle routing problem (3L-CVRP) and decision support system of literatures. The 3L-MVRP of agricultural-products models was established, decision support system based on a web was developed. This research has accomplished from three aspects as described as follows.
(1) Making up the three-dimensional loading multi-capacitated vehicle routing problem advanced model in agricultural products distribution. Combining the agricultural products logistics distribution process, a variety of constraints is considerd,such as the capacity, volume, center of gravity, the orientation, fragility, order and so on. in order, through reasonable and simplifying assumptions, the vehicle loading rate and transportation costs are important factors, distribution of 3L-MVRP model.
(2) Analyzes how to use heuristic algorithm and genetic algorithm to deal with 3L-MVRP. We solve the problem by means of a genetic algorithm, which makes use of fast packing heuristics for the loading. The computation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
(3) After establishing the models, based on MVC pattern, the web-based decision support distribution system for agricultural-products was implemented.
(1)三维装载与车辆路径混合问题的农产品配送模型构建:结合农产品物流配送过程,考虑容量、体积、重心、放置方向、易碎性、订单完整性、订单顺序等多种约束条件,通过合理的简化假设,综合考虑车辆装载率和路径运输成本等因素,建立以配送成本最低为目标的3L-MVRP模型。
(2)基于启发式算法和遗传算法的3L-MVRP求解:配送过程求解中采用了最底最左优先和最大面积接触的启发式和扫描算法和遗传算法。详细设计了遗传算法的编码、初始种群生成、适应度函数的设计、选择策略、遗传操作等。并经过了实例验证。
(3)农产品配送决策支持系统设计与实现:通过对配送决策系统的需求分析,采用JAVA语言实现文中研究的3L-MVRP模型的相应算法,采用JAVA3D技术对配送结果进行可视化展示,采用J2EE技术实现农产品配送决策支持系统,为农产品物流企业的配送提供决策支持。
Reducing logistics distribution costs the most effective way to improve the overall level of enterprise logistics and maintain competitiveness. loading and distribution routing problem are important in logistics distribution. Reasonable and effective programme of three-dimensional loading multi-capacitated vehicle routing problem (3L-MVRP) can be guided distribution. Based on specific research of the theories about logistics distribution technologies, loading, three-dimensional loading capacitated vehicle routing problem (3L-CVRP) and decision support system of literatures. The 3L-MVRP of agricultural-products models was established, decision support system based on a web was developed. This research has accomplished from three aspects as described as follows.
(1) Making up the three-dimensional loading multi-capacitated vehicle routing problem advanced model in agricultural products distribution. Combining the agricultural products logistics distribution process, a variety of constraints is considerd,such as the capacity, volume, center of gravity, the orientation, fragility, order and so on. in order, through reasonable and simplifying assumptions, the vehicle loading rate and transportation costs are important factors, distribution of 3L-MVRP model.
(2) Analyzes how to use heuristic algorithm and genetic algorithm to deal with 3L-MVRP. We solve the problem by means of a genetic algorithm, which makes use of fast packing heuristics for the loading. The computation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
(3) After establishing the models, based on MVC pattern, the web-based decision support distribution system for agricultural-products was implemented.
引文
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[4]程文明,赵道致.基于遗传算法的集装箱配载问题研究[J].管理技术, 2005: 107-109
[5] Teodor Clautiaux, F., J. Carlier and A. Moukrim, A new exact method for the two-dimensional bin-packing problem with fixed orientation[J]. Operations research letters, 2007. 35(3): 357--364.
[6] Horchani, L. and M. Bellalouna. The 2-Dimensional Probabilistic Bin Packing Problem: An average case analysis[J]. Mathematics and Computers in Simuiation.
[7]孙棣华,涂平,彭光含,赵敏.基于遗传算法的单车运输配载研究[J].计算机仿真, 2008. 25(3): 285-288.
[8]蒋金山,林正春.用自适应遗传算法解二维装箱问题[J].计算机应用与软件, 2008. 25(7):244-246.
[9]庄凤庭,宋淑娜,高尚.基于空问优化的三维装箱布局混合遗传算法[J].科学技术与工程, 2009. 9 (3): 709-713.
[10]周向明,钱建平,杨信廷,等.农产品物流配送过程信息技术应用研究进展[J].中国农学通报, 2010, 26(8): 323-327.
[11] Martello, S., et al.. Algorithms for general and robot-packable variants of the three-dimensional bin packing problem[J]. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 2007. 33.
[12] Teodor Gabriel Crainic,Guido Perboli,Roberto Tadei. TS2PACK: A two-level tabu search for the three-dimensional bin packing problem[J]. European Journal of Operational Research. 2009, vol.15(195)744-760.
[13]王雪莲,钟石泉.多箱型三维装箱问题及其优化研究[J].计算机工程与应用, 2009. 45(22): 197-199.
[14] Wu, Y., et al.. Three-dimensional bin packing problem with variable bin height[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2010. 202(2): 347--355.
[15]董宗然.基于禁忌搜索算法的集装箱装载问题研究[D]:硕士论文.沈阳工业大学, 2007.
[16]屈援,王雪莲,复杂情况下的三维集装箱装载问题混合算法[J].起重运输机械, 2007(8): 48-51.
[17]屈援,王雪莲.有卸货顺序约束的集装箱装载问题及算法研究[J].计算机工程与设计, 2008. 29(7):1789-1791
[18]张德富,彭煜,朱文兴,陈火旺.求解三维装箱问题的混合模拟退火算法[J].计算机学报, 2009. 32(11): 2147-2056.
[19]胡贵彦,杜志平,孙卫华,钟芙蓉.货物配载方法最优化的研究[J].物流技术, 2009. 28(8): 86-89
[20] Chan, F.T.S., et al.. Using genetic algorithms to solve quality-related bin packing problem[J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2007. 23(1): 71--81.
[21]李勤真,田润良,曹继霞,翟俊伟.军用物资集装箱储运合理配载方法[J]. 2008(9): 34-37
[22]卢萍.基于稳定约束的集装箱配载计划启发式方法研究[D]: [硕士论文].天津:天津大学. 2008.
[23]钟敏,李勤真,杨景东.同箱型军用集装箱三维配载优化[J].起重运输机械, 2009(1): 8-13
[24] Parre N O, F., et al.. A hybrid GRASP/VND algorithm for two-and three-dimensional bin packing[J].Annals of Operations Research, 2008.
[25]何琨,黄文奇.求解长方体packing问题的高效算法[J].计算机研究和发展, (45): 7-10
[26]黄文奇,朱虹,许向阳,宋益民.求解方格packing问题的启发式算法[J].计算机学报, 1993. 16(11)
[27]宁爱兵,熊小华,马良.城市物流配送中的三维装箱算法[J].计算机工程与应用, 2009. 45(9): 207-209
[28] Fuellerer, G., et al.. Metaheuristics for vehicle routing problems with three-dimensional loading constraints[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2010. 201(3): 751-759.
[29] Lim, Rodrigues, Y.W. A multi-faced buildup algorithm for three-dimensional packing problems[J]. Omega, 2003(31): 471-481
[30] Garaix, T., et al.. Vehicle routing problems with alternative paths: an application to on-demand transportation[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2010. 204(1): 62--75.
[31]孙华丽,谢剑英,薛耀锋.带容量约束的多车调度暂态混沌神经网络算法[J].上海交通大学学报, 2006. 40(7): 1148-1151
[32]叶志坚,叶怀珍,周道平,易海燕.多车型车辆路径问题的算法[J].公路交通科技, 2005. 22(5): 147-151
[33]封全喜,刘诚,贾贞.车辆路径问题的改进遗传算法[J].数学的实践与认识, 2008. 38(13)
[34]陈海军,陈铁英.混合遗传算法在路径选择问题的应用[J].计算机与数字工程, 2005(4)
[35]刘芳华,赵建民,朱信忠.基于改进遗传算法的物流配送路径优化的研究[J].计算机技术与发展, 2009, 19(7): 83-86
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