电测深法在南广铁路岩溶注浆效果检测中的应用分析
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摘要
岩溶在我国有着广泛的分布,其存在可能对铁路工程建设产生不良影响。在对南广铁路所经的岩溶发育区域,采用注浆的方式进行岩溶路基加固。电测深法是以地下不同介质的电性差异为物质基础,通过逐步改变供电电极距的大小的办法来控制勘探深度,由浅入深,了解一个测点地下介质电阻率的垂向变化的一类地球物理勘探方法。该法在南广铁路岩溶路基注浆效果检测试验中得到了应用。本文首先以该试验为背景,从电测深法的理论出发,对溶洞、破碎带上覆粘土,裂隙基岩上覆粘土、卵石土以及裂隙基岩上覆粘土三种不同地质条件下的测试结果进行了初步讨论。然后利用有限元工具ANSYS建立测试断面模型,对测试数据进行了二维反演,结合不同地质条件和注浆情况对注浆前后测试结果的变化进行了具体分析,进而对注浆的电测深法检测效果进行了评价。
本文以测试结果为基本数据,有限元反演结果为分析依据,重点就不同地质条件下的电测深曲线类型,注浆前后视电阻率变化,注浆检测效果,注浆影响范围等进行了详细的讨论和分析。
另外,根据分析结果,结合其他检测手段,提出了注浆后电测深法最佳检测时间为注浆后7-14天。同时建立了注浆检测效果评判标准,为：当注浆前后平均视电阻率变化率大于20%时,注浆效果“明显”；当该变化率小于10%时,注浆效果“不明显”；当变化率介于10%与20%之间时,注浆效果“较明显”。
Karst in our country has a wide distribution, and its existence may adversely affect the construction of railway. In karstic areas of Nanning-Guangzhou railway, grouting was used to reinforce embankment. Resistivity sounding is a Geophysical exploration method which is based on the resistivity differences of under -ground mediums and gets resistivity vertical change by changing the electrode spacing. This method was used to detect the grouting quality.Based on test and resistivity sounding theory; it firstly discussed the test results in 3 diffierent Geological conditions which include caves covered by clays; Jointed rocks covered by clays and Pebbles; Jointed rocks covered by clays.Then it established models by the FEM tool ANSYS to make inversion of test data. Still it analysed the data changes before and after grouting, combined with geological and grouting conditions, then making evaluation of grouting quality which was tesed by resistivity sounding.
In this paper, it focued on type of resistivity sounding curves, apparent resistivity changes before and after grouting, test results and influence scop of grouting by using test data and inversion results.
Moreover, combined with analysis results and other test methods, it proposed the best detecting time after grouting to be 7～14 days.Meanwhile, evaluation standard of grouting quality which using resistivity sounding was estanded, when the changing rate of apparent resistivity before and after grouting is greater than 20%, the grouting effect grade is "significant"; when it is less than 10%,the grade is "less signifi-cant";when it is between 10% and 20%,the grade is "relatively significant"
本文以测试结果为基本数据,有限元反演结果为分析依据,重点就不同地质条件下的电测深曲线类型,注浆前后视电阻率变化,注浆检测效果,注浆影响范围等进行了详细的讨论和分析。
另外,根据分析结果,结合其他检测手段,提出了注浆后电测深法最佳检测时间为注浆后7-14天。同时建立了注浆检测效果评判标准,为：当注浆前后平均视电阻率变化率大于20%时,注浆效果“明显”；当该变化率小于10%时,注浆效果“不明显”；当变化率介于10%与20%之间时,注浆效果“较明显”。
Karst in our country has a wide distribution, and its existence may adversely affect the construction of railway. In karstic areas of Nanning-Guangzhou railway, grouting was used to reinforce embankment. Resistivity sounding is a Geophysical exploration method which is based on the resistivity differences of under -ground mediums and gets resistivity vertical change by changing the electrode spacing. This method was used to detect the grouting quality.Based on test and resistivity sounding theory; it firstly discussed the test results in 3 diffierent Geological conditions which include caves covered by clays; Jointed rocks covered by clays and Pebbles; Jointed rocks covered by clays.Then it established models by the FEM tool ANSYS to make inversion of test data. Still it analysed the data changes before and after grouting, combined with geological and grouting conditions, then making evaluation of grouting quality which was tesed by resistivity sounding.
In this paper, it focued on type of resistivity sounding curves, apparent resistivity changes before and after grouting, test results and influence scop of grouting by using test data and inversion results.
Moreover, combined with analysis results and other test methods, it proposed the best detecting time after grouting to be 7～14 days.Meanwhile, evaluation standard of grouting quality which using resistivity sounding was estanded, when the changing rate of apparent resistivity before and after grouting is greater than 20%, the grouting effect grade is "significant"; when it is less than 10%,the grade is "less signifi-cant";when it is between 10% and 20%,the grade is "relatively significant"
引文
[1]刘海阔等.地质大辞典.[M]地质出版社2005,6
[2]陈志平.中国喀斯特地貌研究进展[J].地理研究.1986,5(4)：93-101.
[3]蒋爵光.铁路工程地质.[M]
[4]岩溶地区公路修建成套技术.第一篇.西部交通建设科技项目.2006
[5]程志平.电法勘探.[M]冶金工业出版社.2007.5
[6]陈安文,李清林,余燚,徐顺强,谢汝一,张卫东,高伟,杨臣堂,张振宇.洛宁七里坪多金属矿直流激电测深方法的应用效果研究[J].CT理论与应用研究.2008,17(4)：47-53.
[7]周祥勇.电测深法在平果变电站找水中的应用[J].企业科技与发展.2009,11：46-47.
[8]张永雨,石明生,张顺和.电测深物探方法在山区工程地质勘察中的应用[J].山西建筑.2005,31(18)：81-82.
[9]高峰.电测深法在三峡库区滑坡勘察中的应用[J].地下水.2004,26(3)：81-82.
[10]吴奇.电测深在红色砾岩溶蚀风化深槽探测中的应用效果[J].湖南水利水电.2005,3：40-41.
[11]陈灿华,陈绍求.电测深法在岩溶探测中的应用[J].中南工业大学学报.2000,31(1)：9-12.
[12]王杰.武广客运专线岩溶注浆效果分析[M].西南交通大学硕士学位论文
[13]邱恩喜,谢强,文江泉.电测深法和电磁波CT法在采空区注浆加固效果检测中的综合应用[J].工程地质学报.2000,31(1)：835-839.
[14]姚文武,史元盛.电测深数值计算和解释方法的进展[J].武汉地质学院地质科技情报.1985,5(4)：120-125.
[15]Ghosh,D.P.1971,The application of linear filter theory to the direct interpr etation of geo-resistivity resistivity sounding measurements, Geophys Prospect, vol. 19(2).
[16]Ghosh,D.P.1971,Inver filter coefficients for the computation of apparent resi-stivity standard curves for a horizontally stratified earth, Geophys Prospect, vol.19(4)
[17]JuPPD.L.B.and VozoffK, Stable iterative methods for the inversion of Ge-ophysieal data[J].Geophys,1970,J.R.astr,Soe,Vol42,957-976.
[18]KirkPatriekS, Gelatt C D and Veeehi M P,Optimization by simulated annea -ling [J],Seienee,1983,671-680.
[19]何继善.电法勘探的发展和展望[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(supp):308-316.
[20]王家映.我国大地电磁测深研究新进展[J].地球物理学报.1997,40(supp):206-216.
[21]刘国栋,我国大地电磁测深的发展[J].地球物理学报.1994,37(uspp.1):301-310.
[22]汤井田,陈程,全朝红,龚术.一种改进的电阻率断面反演方法[J].物探化探计算技术.2008,30(4)：297-302.
[23]刘海飞,阮百尧,吕玉增.直流激电测深二维反演的若干问题研究[J].物探与化探.2007,31(1)：47-50.
[24]阮百尧,村上裕,徐世浙.电阻率/激发极化率数据的二维反演程序[J].物探化探计算技术,1999(2)：116-125
[25]阮百尧,徐世浙.直流电阻率测深曲线解释中的直接反演法[J].物探化探计算技术.1996,18(2)：118-124.
[26]阮百尧,徐世浙.二维直流电阻率测深曲线的快速反演[J].物探与化探.1996,20(6)：455-460.
[27]李光辉.梁树昌.电测深反射系数法及其应用[J].地质装备.2009,10(2)：24-30.
[28]卢成武.直流电测深反演算法研究[M].西北大学硕士学位论文.2005,6
[29]高炳魁.基于ANSYS直流电测深法的边坡勘探正演[M].中南大学硕士学位论文.2008,5
[30]胡朝俊.三维直流电法共轭梯度反演算法研究[M].中国地质大学(北京)硕士论文.2006,5
[31]罗延钟,张桂青.电子计算机在电法勘探中的应用[M].武汉地质学院出版社,1987
[32]MengYL., Li, W.D., Zhdano 从M., Luo, Y.Z.,2.5-D Eletromagnetie Forward Modeling in the Time and Frequency Domains Using the Finte Element method, Pres -ented at the Sixty-Ninth Annual SEG Meeting, Dee.1-7, Houston, USA,1999
[33]Yanzhong Luo,Yongliang Meng and Yanjun Chang,2-D Forward Algorithm for Time SPeetral Resistivity,Presented at the First Inter- national SymPosium on App -lied Geophysies, Houston, USA.SeP.11-13,1998
[34]单娜琳,阮百尧,程志平.二维有限元反演法在金矿电法勘探中的应用[J].桂林工学院学报.2000,资源与环境工程专业：14-21.
[35]阮百尧,熊彬,徐世浙,三维地电断面电阻率测深有限元数值模拟[J].地球科学.2001,26(1)：73-77
[36]阮百尧,熊彬,电导率连续变化的三维电阻率测深有限元数值模拟[J].地球物理学报.2002,45,131-138：
[37]汤井田,肖晓,杜华坤,王武ANSYS在直流电法正演中的应用[J].地球物理学进展.2006,21(3)：987-992.
[38]陈仕平.南宁至广州高速铁路开工建设广西日报2008,11
[39]傅良魁.电法勘探教程[M].地质出版社：1983
[40]中国市政工程华北设计院.城市勘察物探规范[M].1985
[41]屈超纯,张静,宋守根.点源场计算方法[M].云南科技出版社,1999.
[42]毛先进,鲍光淑.一种适于电阻率成像的正演新方法[J].地球物理学报.1998,41(增)：385-393.
[43]底青云,倪大来,王若.高密度电阻率成像[J].地球物理学进展2003,18(2)：323-326.
[44]吴小平,汪彤彤.电阻率三维反演研究进展[J].地球物理学进展.2002,17(1)：156-162.
[45]葛为中,层状介质点源电场正演解析及其应用[J].地球物理学报.1994,37(增)：534-541.
[46]黄俊革,鲍光淑,阮百尧.坑道直流电阻率测深异常研究[J].地球物理学报.2005,48(1)：222-228.
[47]Lamontagne Y, West G F. EM response of a rectangular thinplate [J]. Ge-ophysics,1971,36:26.
[48]Jepsen A F. Numerical modeling in resistivity prosperting[J]. Ph. D.thesis, University of california. Berkeley.1975.
[49]Muf ti J R. Finite 2 difference resistivity modeling for arbit rarly shaped two 2 dimensional structures [J].Geophysics,1976,41:62.
[50]Dey A, Morrison H F. Resistivity modeling for arbitrarly Shaped three 2 di-mensional structures [J].Geoppysics,1979,44:753.
[51]Gldman M M, Stoyert C H. Finite 2 difference calculations of the transient field of an axially symmetric earth for verticalmagnetic dipole excitation [J].Geophys-ics,1983,48:953.
[52]龚曙光,谢桂兰ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[53]徐世浙.地球物理中的有限单元法[M].科学出版社,1994.
[2]陈志平.中国喀斯特地貌研究进展[J].地理研究.1986,5(4)：93-101.
[3]蒋爵光.铁路工程地质.[M]
[4]岩溶地区公路修建成套技术.第一篇.西部交通建设科技项目.2006
[5]程志平.电法勘探.[M]冶金工业出版社.2007.5
[6]陈安文,李清林,余燚,徐顺强,谢汝一,张卫东,高伟,杨臣堂,张振宇.洛宁七里坪多金属矿直流激电测深方法的应用效果研究[J].CT理论与应用研究.2008,17(4)：47-53.
[7]周祥勇.电测深法在平果变电站找水中的应用[J].企业科技与发展.2009,11：46-47.
[8]张永雨,石明生,张顺和.电测深物探方法在山区工程地质勘察中的应用[J].山西建筑.2005,31(18)：81-82.
[9]高峰.电测深法在三峡库区滑坡勘察中的应用[J].地下水.2004,26(3)：81-82.
[10]吴奇.电测深在红色砾岩溶蚀风化深槽探测中的应用效果[J].湖南水利水电.2005,3：40-41.
[11]陈灿华,陈绍求.电测深法在岩溶探测中的应用[J].中南工业大学学报.2000,31(1)：9-12.
[12]王杰.武广客运专线岩溶注浆效果分析[M].西南交通大学硕士学位论文
[13]邱恩喜,谢强,文江泉.电测深法和电磁波CT法在采空区注浆加固效果检测中的综合应用[J].工程地质学报.2000,31(1)：835-839.
[14]姚文武,史元盛.电测深数值计算和解释方法的进展[J].武汉地质学院地质科技情报.1985,5(4)：120-125.
[15]Ghosh,D.P.1971,The application of linear filter theory to the direct interpr etation of geo-resistivity resistivity sounding measurements, Geophys Prospect, vol. 19(2).
[16]Ghosh,D.P.1971,Inver filter coefficients for the computation of apparent resi-stivity standard curves for a horizontally stratified earth, Geophys Prospect, vol.19(4)
[17]JuPPD.L.B.and VozoffK, Stable iterative methods for the inversion of Ge-ophysieal data[J].Geophys,1970,J.R.astr,Soe,Vol42,957-976.
[18]KirkPatriekS, Gelatt C D and Veeehi M P,Optimization by simulated annea -ling [J],Seienee,1983,671-680.
[19]何继善.电法勘探的发展和展望[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(supp):308-316.
[20]王家映.我国大地电磁测深研究新进展[J].地球物理学报.1997,40(supp):206-216.
[21]刘国栋,我国大地电磁测深的发展[J].地球物理学报.1994,37(uspp.1):301-310.
[22]汤井田,陈程,全朝红,龚术.一种改进的电阻率断面反演方法[J].物探化探计算技术.2008,30(4)：297-302.
[23]刘海飞,阮百尧,吕玉增.直流激电测深二维反演的若干问题研究[J].物探与化探.2007,31(1)：47-50.
[24]阮百尧,村上裕,徐世浙.电阻率/激发极化率数据的二维反演程序[J].物探化探计算技术,1999(2)：116-125
[25]阮百尧,徐世浙.直流电阻率测深曲线解释中的直接反演法[J].物探化探计算技术.1996,18(2)：118-124.
[26]阮百尧,徐世浙.二维直流电阻率测深曲线的快速反演[J].物探与化探.1996,20(6)：455-460.
[27]李光辉.梁树昌.电测深反射系数法及其应用[J].地质装备.2009,10(2)：24-30.
[28]卢成武.直流电测深反演算法研究[M].西北大学硕士学位论文.2005,6
[29]高炳魁.基于ANSYS直流电测深法的边坡勘探正演[M].中南大学硕士学位论文.2008,5
[30]胡朝俊.三维直流电法共轭梯度反演算法研究[M].中国地质大学(北京)硕士论文.2006,5
[31]罗延钟,张桂青.电子计算机在电法勘探中的应用[M].武汉地质学院出版社,1987
[32]MengYL., Li, W.D., Zhdano 从M., Luo, Y.Z.,2.5-D Eletromagnetie Forward Modeling in the Time and Frequency Domains Using the Finte Element method, Pres -ented at the Sixty-Ninth Annual SEG Meeting, Dee.1-7, Houston, USA,1999
[33]Yanzhong Luo,Yongliang Meng and Yanjun Chang,2-D Forward Algorithm for Time SPeetral Resistivity,Presented at the First Inter- national SymPosium on App -lied Geophysies, Houston, USA.SeP.11-13,1998
[34]单娜琳,阮百尧,程志平.二维有限元反演法在金矿电法勘探中的应用[J].桂林工学院学报.2000,资源与环境工程专业：14-21.
[35]阮百尧,熊彬,徐世浙,三维地电断面电阻率测深有限元数值模拟[J].地球科学.2001,26(1)：73-77
[36]阮百尧,熊彬,电导率连续变化的三维电阻率测深有限元数值模拟[J].地球物理学报.2002,45,131-138：
[37]汤井田,肖晓,杜华坤,王武ANSYS在直流电法正演中的应用[J].地球物理学进展.2006,21(3)：987-992.
[38]陈仕平.南宁至广州高速铁路开工建设广西日报2008,11
[39]傅良魁.电法勘探教程[M].地质出版社：1983
[40]中国市政工程华北设计院.城市勘察物探规范[M].1985
[41]屈超纯,张静,宋守根.点源场计算方法[M].云南科技出版社,1999.
[42]毛先进,鲍光淑.一种适于电阻率成像的正演新方法[J].地球物理学报.1998,41(增)：385-393.
[43]底青云,倪大来,王若.高密度电阻率成像[J].地球物理学进展2003,18(2)：323-326.
[44]吴小平,汪彤彤.电阻率三维反演研究进展[J].地球物理学进展.2002,17(1)：156-162.
[45]葛为中,层状介质点源电场正演解析及其应用[J].地球物理学报.1994,37(增)：534-541.
[46]黄俊革,鲍光淑,阮百尧.坑道直流电阻率测深异常研究[J].地球物理学报.2005,48(1)：222-228.
[47]Lamontagne Y, West G F. EM response of a rectangular thinplate [J]. Ge-ophysics,1971,36:26.
[48]Jepsen A F. Numerical modeling in resistivity prosperting[J]. Ph. D.thesis, University of california. Berkeley.1975.
[49]Muf ti J R. Finite 2 difference resistivity modeling for arbit rarly shaped two 2 dimensional structures [J].Geophysics,1976,41:62.
[50]Dey A, Morrison H F. Resistivity modeling for arbitrarly Shaped three 2 di-mensional structures [J].Geoppysics,1979,44:753.
[51]Gldman M M, Stoyert C H. Finite 2 difference calculations of the transient field of an axially symmetric earth for verticalmagnetic dipole excitation [J].Geophys-ics,1983,48:953.
[52]龚曙光,谢桂兰ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[53]徐世浙.地球物理中的有限单元法[M].科学出版社,1994.
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