安徽省农业科技资源配置研究
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摘要
农业是我国国民经济的基础产业,中国农业的发展由传统的粗放化生产方式不断向集约化生产方式发展,作为“第一资源”的科技资源已经成为推动农业产业结构调整和升级、增强农业竞争力、促进农业生产方式转变的重要力量。“九五”以来安徽省农业和农村经济取得了长足的发展,当我们为之欣喜的时候,应该看到安徽省只是一个农业大省,而并非农业强省。我省农业仍然是一个传统的弱质行业,科技水平低,安徽省农业科技贡献率只有51%,低于江浙等发达地区。“科技是第一生产力”,在知识经济时代,任何行业的发展都离不开科技,依靠科技资源的合理配置成为促进其发展的动力源泉与根本出路。农业也不例外,只有紧紧依靠农业科技的进步,通过合理配置农业科技资源,才能突破土地和资源边际报酬递减的双重约束,以科技进步带动农村经济的可持续发展和促进农民生活水平不断提高。
本文将安徽省农业科技资源作为研究对象,首先,分析目前安徽农业科技人力、财力、物力、信息资源的配置现状并与其他省进行横向比较,总结出目前安徽科技资源配置的一般状况。其次,采用数据包络模型(DEA)中的BCC模型作为分析工具,定量分析评价安徽农业科技资源配置的投入产出效率。通过定量分析得出我省农业科技资源的综合效率为非DEA有效,包括纯技术效率的无效和规模效率的无效,并且处于规模递增阶段。然后根据定量分析的结果得出导致安徽农业科技资源配置不合理的原因主要有以下几个方面：农业科技管理体制的不合理导致农业科技资源盲目投入、农业科技资源的投入规模不够、农业科技成果转化率低、配置机制不合理等。最后,结合原因从以下几个方面提出了优化我省农业科技资源配置的政策和建议：推进农业科技管理体制改革,促进资源合理利用、加大农业科技资源的投入规模、提高农业科技成果转化率、加强产学研三者的互动、建立以政府为主体市场为导向的配置机制。
Agriculture is the basic industry of China's national economy. China's agricultural development is constantly developing from the traditional extensive production methods to the intensive production methods. Scientific and technological resources, as " the first resource", has become an important force promoting the agricultural structure adjustment and upgrading, enhancing agricultural competitiveness and promoting the transformation of the mode of agricultural production. Since the "ninth five-year ", Agriculture and rural economy has undergone considerable development. But when we rejoice for this, it should be noted that our province is only a big agricultural province, rather than a strong agricultural province. Agriculture in our province remains a weak industry traditionally, with low level of technology. In Anhui agricultural industry, the contribution rate of science and technology is only 51%, which is lower than that of the developed areas such as Jiangsu,Zhejiang and so on. As the saying goes "science and technology are primary productive forces", in the era of knowledge and economy, the development of any industry can not do without science and technology. Relying on the rational allocation of resources of science and technology becomes the power source and fundamental way to promote the development of the industry. Agriculture is no exception. Only if we closely rely on the progress of agricultural science and technology and rationally allocate the resources of agro-science and technology can we break the double restriction of diminishing returns of both land and resources and thus promote the sustainable development of the rural economy and improve the living standards of farmers constantly with scientific and technological progress.
In this article, resources of agro-science and technology in Anhui province is the research object. Firstly, by analyzing the present condition of disposition of human, financial, material and information resources of agro-science and technology in Anhui province, and comparing horizontally with other provinces, we concluded the general condition of disposition of resources of science and technology in Anhui province. Secondly, adopting the BCC model in the data envelopment (DEA) model as analysis tools, we quantificationally analyze and evaluate the efficiency of disposition of resources of agro-science and technology in Anhui province..We got the conclusion that the overall efficiency of disposition of resources of science and technology in our province is non-DEA efficient, including the invalidity of both technical efficiency and allocative efficiency, and it is in the stage of ascending scale. According to the results of quantitative analysis, we got the conclusion that the reason leading to the inefficiency of disposition of resources of agro-science and technology in Anhui province mainly lies in the following aspects: the irrationality of agricultural technology management system leading to blind investment of resources of agro-science and technology, the scale of investment of resources of agro-science and technology being not enough, the low conversion rate of agro-scientific and technological achievements, the unreasonable disposition mechanism and so on. Lastly, considering the reasons, we proposed policies and proposals to optimize the disposition of resources of agro-science and technology in our province in the following aspects:promoting the reform of agricultural technology management system, promoting the rational use of resources, increasing the scale of investment of resources agro-science and technology, increasing the conversion rate of agro-scientific and technological achievements, increasing the interaction of production teaching and research, and establishing the market-oriented disposition mechanism in which government is the main.
本文将安徽省农业科技资源作为研究对象,首先,分析目前安徽农业科技人力、财力、物力、信息资源的配置现状并与其他省进行横向比较,总结出目前安徽科技资源配置的一般状况。其次,采用数据包络模型(DEA)中的BCC模型作为分析工具,定量分析评价安徽农业科技资源配置的投入产出效率。通过定量分析得出我省农业科技资源的综合效率为非DEA有效,包括纯技术效率的无效和规模效率的无效,并且处于规模递增阶段。然后根据定量分析的结果得出导致安徽农业科技资源配置不合理的原因主要有以下几个方面：农业科技管理体制的不合理导致农业科技资源盲目投入、农业科技资源的投入规模不够、农业科技成果转化率低、配置机制不合理等。最后,结合原因从以下几个方面提出了优化我省农业科技资源配置的政策和建议：推进农业科技管理体制改革,促进资源合理利用、加大农业科技资源的投入规模、提高农业科技成果转化率、加强产学研三者的互动、建立以政府为主体市场为导向的配置机制。
Agriculture is the basic industry of China's national economy. China's agricultural development is constantly developing from the traditional extensive production methods to the intensive production methods. Scientific and technological resources, as " the first resource", has become an important force promoting the agricultural structure adjustment and upgrading, enhancing agricultural competitiveness and promoting the transformation of the mode of agricultural production. Since the "ninth five-year ", Agriculture and rural economy has undergone considerable development. But when we rejoice for this, it should be noted that our province is only a big agricultural province, rather than a strong agricultural province. Agriculture in our province remains a weak industry traditionally, with low level of technology. In Anhui agricultural industry, the contribution rate of science and technology is only 51%, which is lower than that of the developed areas such as Jiangsu,Zhejiang and so on. As the saying goes "science and technology are primary productive forces", in the era of knowledge and economy, the development of any industry can not do without science and technology. Relying on the rational allocation of resources of science and technology becomes the power source and fundamental way to promote the development of the industry. Agriculture is no exception. Only if we closely rely on the progress of agricultural science and technology and rationally allocate the resources of agro-science and technology can we break the double restriction of diminishing returns of both land and resources and thus promote the sustainable development of the rural economy and improve the living standards of farmers constantly with scientific and technological progress.
In this article, resources of agro-science and technology in Anhui province is the research object. Firstly, by analyzing the present condition of disposition of human, financial, material and information resources of agro-science and technology in Anhui province, and comparing horizontally with other provinces, we concluded the general condition of disposition of resources of science and technology in Anhui province. Secondly, adopting the BCC model in the data envelopment (DEA) model as analysis tools, we quantificationally analyze and evaluate the efficiency of disposition of resources of agro-science and technology in Anhui province..We got the conclusion that the overall efficiency of disposition of resources of science and technology in our province is non-DEA efficient, including the invalidity of both technical efficiency and allocative efficiency, and it is in the stage of ascending scale. According to the results of quantitative analysis, we got the conclusion that the reason leading to the inefficiency of disposition of resources of agro-science and technology in Anhui province mainly lies in the following aspects: the irrationality of agricultural technology management system leading to blind investment of resources of agro-science and technology, the scale of investment of resources of agro-science and technology being not enough, the low conversion rate of agro-scientific and technological achievements, the unreasonable disposition mechanism and so on. Lastly, considering the reasons, we proposed policies and proposals to optimize the disposition of resources of agro-science and technology in our province in the following aspects:promoting the reform of agricultural technology management system, promoting the rational use of resources, increasing the scale of investment of resources agro-science and technology, increasing the conversion rate of agro-scientific and technological achievements, increasing the interaction of production teaching and research, and establishing the market-oriented disposition mechanism in which government is the main.
引文
1周寄中,科技资源论[M].陕西人民教育出版社,1999,107-108
2高文,唐洁.天津市科研机构资源配置的现状、问题及对策建议[J].天津科技,2004,31(5)：6-7
1丁厚德.科技资源配置的新问题和对策分析[J].科学学研究,2005,23(4)：474-480
2刘玲利.科技资源要素的内涵、分类及特征研究[J].情报杂志,2008,(8)125-126
3刘强.科技资源配置过程中的市场和投资行为分析[J].洛阳师范学院学报,2000,19(2)：41-53.
1汪涛,李石柱.国际背景下政府主导科技资源配置的主要方式分析[J].中国科技论坛,2002,(4)：9-14
2宋宇.科技资源配置过程中的难点和无效率现象探讨[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1999,(10)：29-31
3赵俊杰.合理使用科技资源提高科技投入产出效率[J].中国科技论坛,2005,(6)：9-12,21
1李冬梅,李石柱,唐五湘.我国区域科技资源配置效率情况评价[J].北京机械工业学院学报,2003,18(1)：51-55
2魏权龄.评价相对有效性的DEA方法[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1988.
1张晓瑞.我国区域科技资源配置效率研究[J].工业技术经济,2009,28(1)116-118
1辞海编辑委员会.辞海[M].上海辞书出版社,1980,1436
2周寄中.科技资源论[M].陕西人民教育出版社,1999,106
1亚当·斯密,《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》[M].商务印书馆,1981
1安徽省“十一五”农业科技发展规划,2008,参考httpy/www.ahny.gov.cn/sites/xcjx/Detail.aspx?StructID=276597
2安徽省“十一五”农业科技发展规划,2008,参考http://www.ahny.gov.cn/sites/xcjx/Detail.aspx?StructID=276597
1魏权龄.评价相对有效性的DEA方法[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1988.
[0]Theodore W. Schultz. Investment in human capital [J].American Economic Review,1961,51(1).
[2]Timothy J. Coelli. An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis[M].Springer Science& Business Media, Inc,2005.
[3]Wiley, Chichester. Theory and Practice of Combining Management Science Methodologies[M].UK,1997.
[4]RobertL.Flood, MichaelC.Jackson. Creative Problem Solving:Total Systems Intervention[M].John Wiley&Sonsltd,1991
[5]Jackson.M.C. Towards coherent Pluralism in Management Science[C].Lincoln School of Management Working Paperl6,University of Lincolnshire&Humberside,Lincoln,UK,1997 [6] Brown,Mark G,Avension.Raynold A.Measuring R&D Productivity[J].Research Technology Management,1998,41 (6)
[7]周寄中.科技资源论[M].陕西人民教育出版社,1999.高文,唐洁.天津市科研机构资源配置的现状、问题及对策建议[J].天津科技,2004,(5).
[8]丁厚德.科技资源配置的新问题和对策分析[J].科学学研究,2005,(4).
[9]刘玲利.科技资源要素的内涵、分类及特征研究[J].情报杂志,2008,(8).
[10]刘强.科技资源配置过程中的市场和投资行为分析[J].洛阳师范学院学报,2000,(2).
[11]宋宇.科技资源配置过程中的难点和无效率现象探讨[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1999,(10).
[12]李冬梅,李石柱,唐五湘.我国区域科技资源配置效率情况评价[J].北京机械工业学院学报,2003,(1).
[13]魏权龄.评价相对有效性的DEA方法[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1988.
[14]张晓瑞.我国区域科技资源配置效率研究[J].工业技术经济,2009,(1).
[15]辞海编辑委员会.辞海[M].上海辞书出版社,1980.
[16]亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究[M].商务印书馆,1981.
[17]安徽省“十一五”农业科技发展规划,2008.http://www.ahny.gov.cn/sites/xcjx/Detail.aspx?StructID=276597
[18]安徽统计年鉴2000-2009.
[19]中国统计年鉴2000-2009.
[20]2008年全国农业科技统计资源汇编
[21]第二次全国R&D资源清查主要指标数据
[22]王涛,顾新.运用DEA评价四川省科技资源配置的有效性[J].软科学,2008,(5).
[23]沈映春.我国农业科技资源的合理配置问题研究[J].农村经济,2004,(12).
[24]刘凤朝.中国科技力量布局分析与优化[M].科学出版社,2009.
[25]丁厚德.创新资源配置协调论[J].内蒙古人民出版社,2008.
[26]杨黛,冯洁.论农业科技资源的特性与农业组织形式的选择[J].广东教育学院学报,2005,(12).
[27]吴子稳,崔清,庄丽平.安徽省科技资源配置的现状及其对策研究[J].决策咨询通,2008,(5).
[28]胡永年等.安徽农业科技发展的基本思路——安徽农业科技发展研究之二[J].安徽农业科学,2002,(6).
[29]赵俊杰.合理使用科技资源提高科技投入产出效率[J].中国科技论坛,2005,(6).
[30]汪涛,李石柱.国际背景下政府主导科技资源配置的主要方式分析[J].中国科技论坛,2002,(4).
[31]宋宇,科技资源配置过程中的难点和无效率现象探讨[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1999,(10).
2高文,唐洁.天津市科研机构资源配置的现状、问题及对策建议[J].天津科技,2004,31(5)：6-7
1丁厚德.科技资源配置的新问题和对策分析[J].科学学研究,2005,23(4)：474-480
2刘玲利.科技资源要素的内涵、分类及特征研究[J].情报杂志,2008,(8)125-126
3刘强.科技资源配置过程中的市场和投资行为分析[J].洛阳师范学院学报,2000,19(2)：41-53.
1汪涛,李石柱.国际背景下政府主导科技资源配置的主要方式分析[J].中国科技论坛,2002,(4)：9-14
2宋宇.科技资源配置过程中的难点和无效率现象探讨[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1999,(10)：29-31
3赵俊杰.合理使用科技资源提高科技投入产出效率[J].中国科技论坛,2005,(6)：9-12,21
1李冬梅,李石柱,唐五湘.我国区域科技资源配置效率情况评价[J].北京机械工业学院学报,2003,18(1)：51-55
2魏权龄.评价相对有效性的DEA方法[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1988.
1张晓瑞.我国区域科技资源配置效率研究[J].工业技术经济,2009,28(1)116-118
1辞海编辑委员会.辞海[M].上海辞书出版社,1980,1436
2周寄中.科技资源论[M].陕西人民教育出版社,1999,106
1亚当·斯密,《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》[M].商务印书馆,1981
1安徽省“十一五”农业科技发展规划,2008,参考httpy/www.ahny.gov.cn/sites/xcjx/Detail.aspx?StructID=276597
2安徽省“十一五”农业科技发展规划,2008,参考http://www.ahny.gov.cn/sites/xcjx/Detail.aspx?StructID=276597
1魏权龄.评价相对有效性的DEA方法[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1988.
[0]Theodore W. Schultz. Investment in human capital [J].American Economic Review,1961,51(1).
[2]Timothy J. Coelli. An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis[M].Springer Science& Business Media, Inc,2005.
[3]Wiley, Chichester. Theory and Practice of Combining Management Science Methodologies[M].UK,1997.
[4]RobertL.Flood, MichaelC.Jackson. Creative Problem Solving:Total Systems Intervention[M].John Wiley&Sonsltd,1991
[5]Jackson.M.C. Towards coherent Pluralism in Management Science[C].Lincoln School of Management Working Paperl6,University of Lincolnshire&Humberside,Lincoln,UK,1997 [6] Brown,Mark G,Avension.Raynold A.Measuring R&D Productivity[J].Research Technology Management,1998,41 (6)
[7]周寄中.科技资源论[M].陕西人民教育出版社,1999.高文,唐洁.天津市科研机构资源配置的现状、问题及对策建议[J].天津科技,2004,(5).
[8]丁厚德.科技资源配置的新问题和对策分析[J].科学学研究,2005,(4).
[9]刘玲利.科技资源要素的内涵、分类及特征研究[J].情报杂志,2008,(8).
[10]刘强.科技资源配置过程中的市场和投资行为分析[J].洛阳师范学院学报,2000,(2).
[11]宋宇.科技资源配置过程中的难点和无效率现象探讨[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1999,(10).
[12]李冬梅,李石柱,唐五湘.我国区域科技资源配置效率情况评价[J].北京机械工业学院学报,2003,(1).
[13]魏权龄.评价相对有效性的DEA方法[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1988.
[14]张晓瑞.我国区域科技资源配置效率研究[J].工业技术经济,2009,(1).
[15]辞海编辑委员会.辞海[M].上海辞书出版社,1980.
[16]亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究[M].商务印书馆,1981.
[17]安徽省“十一五”农业科技发展规划,2008.http://www.ahny.gov.cn/sites/xcjx/Detail.aspx?StructID=276597
[18]安徽统计年鉴2000-2009.
[19]中国统计年鉴2000-2009.
[20]2008年全国农业科技统计资源汇编
[21]第二次全国R&D资源清查主要指标数据
[22]王涛,顾新.运用DEA评价四川省科技资源配置的有效性[J].软科学,2008,(5).
[23]沈映春.我国农业科技资源的合理配置问题研究[J].农村经济,2004,(12).
[24]刘凤朝.中国科技力量布局分析与优化[M].科学出版社,2009.
[25]丁厚德.创新资源配置协调论[J].内蒙古人民出版社,2008.
[26]杨黛,冯洁.论农业科技资源的特性与农业组织形式的选择[J].广东教育学院学报,2005,(12).
[27]吴子稳,崔清,庄丽平.安徽省科技资源配置的现状及其对策研究[J].决策咨询通,2008,(5).
[28]胡永年等.安徽农业科技发展的基本思路——安徽农业科技发展研究之二[J].安徽农业科学,2002,(6).
[29]赵俊杰.合理使用科技资源提高科技投入产出效率[J].中国科技论坛,2005,(6).
[30]汪涛,李石柱.国际背景下政府主导科技资源配置的主要方式分析[J].中国科技论坛,2002,(4).
[31]宋宇,科技资源配置过程中的难点和无效率现象探讨[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1999,(10).
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