新场地区须二段裂缝识别及分布评价
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摘要
新场气田是由浅、中、深层多气藏连片叠置的大型气田。自1989-1991年期间,先后在新场地区发现浅层蓬莱镇组气藏、中深层沙溪庙组气藏、千佛崖组裂缝型气藏开始,直至新场气田须二气藏自2000年10月第一口勘探井新851井获得高产,从而拉开须家河组二段深层超致密气藏勘探开发的序幕。历经二十余载,新场气田的勘探开发历程了一个由浅到深的勘探开发的过程,时至今日,新场气田仍然不断有新的发现和扩边。截止2007年11月底,须二气藏已成为深层须家河组的主要产层。根据前人研究可知,新场地区须家河组构造、生储盖等条件都较良好,但是研究区域的物性条件较差,属于致密砂岩储层,在研究区域裂缝可成为油气运移的良好通道并是得到稳产或者高产的一个有效途径。因此,对须二段裂缝发育情况的研究对提高研究区的钻探成功率有一定现实意义。
鉴于以上的原因,并基于前人的研究成果针对研究区域须二段裂缝特征、发育情况进行研究。本文通过野外露头裂缝调查及钻井岩心裂缝观察,分析了裂缝类型、产状、裂缝发育密度、有效性等特征。室内研究部分,首先对研究区14口取心井岩心进行观察,分析了岩心上的裂缝类型、产状、裂缝面、岩性、密度、长度、宽度、充填情况等特征;在此基础上,开展了取心井的成像测井裂缝识别,识别出了未充填缝、半充填缝及全充填缝等三种类型裂缝,并对裂缝长度、宽度、倾角等参数进行了相关计算、同时也对裂缝充填特征进行分析;根据岩心上识别出的裂缝对应常规测井曲线,对裂缝的在常规测井上相应的特征参数进行分析,并分析裂缝在常规测井曲线上响应特征,并利用已有的的测井评价方法,计算了裂缝孔隙度、张开度参数,总结这些参数,建立了裂缝段与非裂缝段的识别标准,对裂缝的发育程度进行进一步的分析;同时,使用判别分析、R/S分析法、概率神经网络模型等多方法进行裂缝综合识别,并将其识别出来的结果与岩心上观察的裂缝进行对比;最后,运用构造曲率法、屈曲薄板变形应力场模拟法及构造滤波法并结合常规测井的综合裂缝识别标准,对新场地区须家河组二段平面上裂缝的发育情况进行总结。
总结野外露头,岩心观察及测井解释结果,认为研究区的裂缝呈多组性,走向主要有NEE-SWW、W-E、NE-SW三个优势方向,其次,该地区天然裂缝的发育受到研究区构造、岩性、层厚、断层、地应力等因素的影响,多为低角度斜交缝,高角度缝及垂直缝次之,且大部分为半充填缝,以方解石充填为主,部分为泥质及碳质充填,最后,构建了裂缝综合发育因子,对平面上对裂缝的分布情况进行评价,将研究区划分为两类裂缝区:裂缝较发育区和裂缝不发育区。
Xinchang gas field is buildup by multiple depth of gas reservoirs. From 1989 to 1991, there are several gas reservoirs discovered in the xinchang district, include penglaizhen formation gas reservoir, qianfoya formation gas reservoir. Until October of 2000, the first exploratory well xin851 in the xuer gas reservoir of xinchang gas field had considerable prodcing, the exploration of tight gas reservoir in the 2nd member of xujiahe formation has a new start. Until now, the exploration of xinchang gas field experienced shallow to deep process, the 2nd member of xujiahe formation become the main gas producing zone. The tectonic of the xujiahe formation is well, but the physics characters are bad, the porosities and permeability of the reservoirs are very poor. The fractures are the main filtration passages and play an important role in the field. Because of this, the research about the development of fractures in the 2nd member of xujiahe formation has practice meaning for industry.
Based on the research of outcrop and core, analysed the type of fractures, the density of the fractures and the validity of the fractures. In the laboratory part, observed the core from 14 wells, analysed the type, occurrence, lithology, density, length, width, filled condition of the fractures, and further, use the FMI to defined the open fractures, the half filled fractures and the full filled fractures. From the compare of identified fracture and the well log, analyse the well log characteristic of the fractures, build up a standard of identify the fractures. Contemporary, use several methods to identify the fractures,such as, distinguishing method、R/S method、probabilistic neural network. Then, compare the identification results with the fractures which were seen on the cores. Finally, On the basis of structural curvature、paleo-structural stress field simulation and structure filtering, this paper generalize the fracture development of the second member of Xujiahe formation in Xinchang area.
Summarize the observation of outcrop, core and well log exploration, the fracture in the study field represent to many groups ,mainly strike direction are NEE-SWW, W-E, NE-SW, the development of nature fracture effected by the structure, lithology, depth of the formation, fault and crustal stress。Most of the fractures are low-angle fracture followed by high-angle fracture and vertical fracture,the majority of the fractures are half filled fracture, filled by calcite, part of them are filled by mud and carbon. Finally, use comprehensive evaluation Fa to evaluate the distribution of fracture on the plane, the fracture of the study area can be divided into two types: development area(Fa>0.05) and not development area (Fa<0.05)
鉴于以上的原因,并基于前人的研究成果针对研究区域须二段裂缝特征、发育情况进行研究。本文通过野外露头裂缝调查及钻井岩心裂缝观察,分析了裂缝类型、产状、裂缝发育密度、有效性等特征。室内研究部分,首先对研究区14口取心井岩心进行观察,分析了岩心上的裂缝类型、产状、裂缝面、岩性、密度、长度、宽度、充填情况等特征;在此基础上,开展了取心井的成像测井裂缝识别,识别出了未充填缝、半充填缝及全充填缝等三种类型裂缝,并对裂缝长度、宽度、倾角等参数进行了相关计算、同时也对裂缝充填特征进行分析;根据岩心上识别出的裂缝对应常规测井曲线,对裂缝的在常规测井上相应的特征参数进行分析,并分析裂缝在常规测井曲线上响应特征,并利用已有的的测井评价方法,计算了裂缝孔隙度、张开度参数,总结这些参数,建立了裂缝段与非裂缝段的识别标准,对裂缝的发育程度进行进一步的分析;同时,使用判别分析、R/S分析法、概率神经网络模型等多方法进行裂缝综合识别,并将其识别出来的结果与岩心上观察的裂缝进行对比;最后,运用构造曲率法、屈曲薄板变形应力场模拟法及构造滤波法并结合常规测井的综合裂缝识别标准,对新场地区须家河组二段平面上裂缝的发育情况进行总结。
总结野外露头,岩心观察及测井解释结果,认为研究区的裂缝呈多组性,走向主要有NEE-SWW、W-E、NE-SW三个优势方向,其次,该地区天然裂缝的发育受到研究区构造、岩性、层厚、断层、地应力等因素的影响,多为低角度斜交缝,高角度缝及垂直缝次之,且大部分为半充填缝,以方解石充填为主,部分为泥质及碳质充填,最后,构建了裂缝综合发育因子,对平面上对裂缝的分布情况进行评价,将研究区划分为两类裂缝区:裂缝较发育区和裂缝不发育区。
Xinchang gas field is buildup by multiple depth of gas reservoirs. From 1989 to 1991, there are several gas reservoirs discovered in the xinchang district, include penglaizhen formation gas reservoir, qianfoya formation gas reservoir. Until October of 2000, the first exploratory well xin851 in the xuer gas reservoir of xinchang gas field had considerable prodcing, the exploration of tight gas reservoir in the 2nd member of xujiahe formation has a new start. Until now, the exploration of xinchang gas field experienced shallow to deep process, the 2nd member of xujiahe formation become the main gas producing zone. The tectonic of the xujiahe formation is well, but the physics characters are bad, the porosities and permeability of the reservoirs are very poor. The fractures are the main filtration passages and play an important role in the field. Because of this, the research about the development of fractures in the 2nd member of xujiahe formation has practice meaning for industry.
Based on the research of outcrop and core, analysed the type of fractures, the density of the fractures and the validity of the fractures. In the laboratory part, observed the core from 14 wells, analysed the type, occurrence, lithology, density, length, width, filled condition of the fractures, and further, use the FMI to defined the open fractures, the half filled fractures and the full filled fractures. From the compare of identified fracture and the well log, analyse the well log characteristic of the fractures, build up a standard of identify the fractures. Contemporary, use several methods to identify the fractures,such as, distinguishing method、R/S method、probabilistic neural network. Then, compare the identification results with the fractures which were seen on the cores. Finally, On the basis of structural curvature、paleo-structural stress field simulation and structure filtering, this paper generalize the fracture development of the second member of Xujiahe formation in Xinchang area.
Summarize the observation of outcrop, core and well log exploration, the fracture in the study field represent to many groups ,mainly strike direction are NEE-SWW, W-E, NE-SW, the development of nature fracture effected by the structure, lithology, depth of the formation, fault and crustal stress。Most of the fractures are low-angle fracture followed by high-angle fracture and vertical fracture,the majority of the fractures are half filled fracture, filled by calcite, part of them are filled by mud and carbon. Finally, use comprehensive evaluation Fa to evaluate the distribution of fracture on the plane, the fracture of the study area can be divided into two types: development area(Fa>0.05) and not development area (Fa<0.05)
引文
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[2] G H Murry.Quantitative Fracture Study-Sanish poo,Imckenzie County,North Dakota.AAPG,1968,52(1):57
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[4] E M.斯麦霍夫.裂缝性油气储层勘探的基本理论与方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1985
[5] T.D.VanGolf-Racht.裂缝性油藏工程基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989
[6] Narr W,Lerch I A.Method for Estimating Fracture Density in Core[J].AAPG Bulletin,1984,68(5):637-648
[7] Neison R A Geologic Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs.1985
[8] Peck I,Barton C C,Gordon R R M Icrostructure and the Resistance of Rock to Fracture[J].Journal of Geophysical Research 1985,90(13):533-546
[9] THirata Fractald in Ension of Fault Susten on Japan Fractal Structure in Rock Geometry at Various Scales Journal of Pure and Appl[J].Geophysics,1989,131:131-157
[10] Velde B,Duboes J etc Fractal Analysis of Fracture in Rocks the Cantor’s Dustm Ethod[J].Tectonphysics,1990,57(3):61-68
[11] Velde B.Structure of Surface Cracks in Soil and Muds[J].Tectonphysics 1999,93(1-2):101-124
[12] Matthew A.d’Alessio、Stephen J,Martel.Fault Terminations and Barriers to Fault Growth[J].Journal of Struction Geology,2004,26:1885-1896
[13] Barton,C.C,Lapointe,P.R.,Fractal in petroleum Geology and Earth Science Processes [M].New York,1995:23-89
[14]李辉,肖克,伍友佳,等.裂缝研究方法综述[J].内蒙古石油化工,2006,07:80-82
[15]周文.裂缝性油气储集层评价方法[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1998
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