西藏尼雄地区遥感成矿信息提取与找矿远景分析
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摘要
西藏尼雄地区位于冈底斯山脉北缘,念青唐古拉弧背断隆带、冈底斯陆缘火山—岩浆弧北侧,是冈底斯铜铁多金属成矿带的重要组成部分。该区在我国首轮国土资源大调查区域地质调查过程中发现尼雄超大型赋铁矿和日阿中型铜矿后,又发现洛布勒铁矿、敌布错铁矿、俄阿次尔铁矿、大架夏玛铁多金属矿、卓布阿日铅锌矿等大中型与超大型铁多金属矿床,充分显示出该区域良好的找矿前景。本文对研究区区域地质、地层、构造、岩浆岩资料进行整理和归纳,利用遥感技术进行成矿信息的提取,建立了适用于研究区的遥感找矿模式,并对找矿远景区进行了分析,为区域找矿提供了更全面的找矿信息。本文对指导尼雄地区找矿具有探索意义,对利用遥感和GIS技术进行找矿远景预测具有良好启示。
总结研究区区域地质特征与已知矿点分布规律,从遥感数据的空间分辨率、光谱分辨率入手,确定遥感数据源及数据预处理方法。通过对比分析遥感数据与典型矿物的波谱特征,进行研究区的遥感矿化蚀变信息提取,以及岩性、构造、矿化蚀变等成矿信息的解译。通过建立研究区遥感找矿模式,在GIS技术的支持下,将遥感成矿信息与已有的地质、物探、化探方面信息进行叠加分析,圈定找矿远景区。本文主要完成了以下工作:
(1)以Landsat7 ETM+数据做为遥感信息提取的数据源,并对数据预处理流程进行研究。根据图像波段合成原则,选用ETM+741波段合成彩色影像,对遥感数据进行辐射校正、几何校正、图像镶嵌、数字融合等处理,最后得到适用于目视解译的工作底图。
(2)从遥感蚀变信息提取的地质依据和波谱前提入手,分析研究区主要矿化蚀变类型及典型蚀变矿物的波谱特征,总结遥感对含铁离子类和含羟基类蚀变矿物类提取的方法。通过应用去干扰异常主分量门限法,提取研究区遥感羟基异常和铁染异常,并引入正态分布理论对异常强度进行标准化等级划分。
(3)建立了研究区遥感地质解译标志,引入遥感五要素找矿理论,对区内的线性构造、环形构造、矿化蚀变带、赋矿地层、侵入岩体、构造块体等遥感矿产地质特征进行解译。利用数理统计原理和数学地质方法进行构造、岩性信息与找矿的相关性分析。
(4)综合分析研究区地质、遥感、物探、化探异常等信息,建立研究区遥感找矿模式。借助于GIS空间叠加分析,圈定天间勒-地沙布村-亚朗村找矿远景区、巴弄-松拉勒找矿远景区、尼雄-查不千达-岗依俄玛找矿远景区、灯井-牛穷拉嘎找矿远景区、打日阿-棚日阿找矿远景区共6个找矿远景区,为研究区下一阶段找矿工作的开展进行了有益的尝试。
Nixong district in which the northern margin of the Gangdise Mountains Tibet is important part of Gangdise Gu-Fe-polymetallic metallogenic belt. After discovered Nixong superlarge iron deposit and Ria medium copper deposit in regional geological survey of china land resource survey, researchers also have found many large or medium polymetallic deposit, such as Luobule iron deposit, Dibucuo iron deposit, Eacier iron deposit, Dajiaxiama Fe-polymetallic deposit, Zuobuari lead-zinc deposit. Nixiong district dispalys a good prospecting future. This paper has specially arranged and generalized data about regional geology, stratigraphy, tectonics, igneous rocks, and used remote sensing to extract mineralization information, and established remote sensing prospecting model suitable for study area, and analyzed the prospecting perspectives which could provide more comprehensive exploration prospecting for the region. This study has the significance of guiding exploration in Nixiong area and good inspiration to use of remote sensing and GIS technology for ore prediction.
On the basis of summarizing regional geological features and deposit distribution of the study area, this article determines remote sensing source and data pre-processing methods form the start of remote sensing spatial resolution and spectral resolution. Analyze the feature of remote sensing date and the spectral character of ground object, the paper used the remote sensing technology to extraction the lithologic information, tectonic information and mineralization alternation information.Establish prospecting model of remote sensing and Stack the geologic information, geophysical information and geochemical information with remote sensing information by Geographic Information System, synthesis analysis the mineral exploration information and advance the prospecting perspective. The main completed content of this paper as follow:
(1) The paper chooses the Landsat7 ETM+ as the date source of remote sensing information extraction and researchs the data preparation process. According to the principle of image band combination, the paper choose ETM+ 741 as the bands combination of synthetic image. Through radiometic correction, geometric correction, image mosaic, digital convergence, it could get base map for visual interpretation.
(2) Based on the type of mineralization alternation and spectrum character of altered rock ,analysis the geologic basis and spectral precondition of the remote sensing information extraction, summarize remote sensing method about extraction of chalybeate altered rock and hydroxyl altered rock. This paper use“Deinterfered Anomalous Principal Component Thresholding Technigue”to extract hydroxylate anomaly and chalybeate anomaly and classifies anomaly levels by normal distribution theory.
(3) Based on the established geologic interpret symbol and five features of remote sensing for mineral-prospecting, the paper extracts remote sensing geological characteristics of mineral, such as linear structure, circular structure, mineralization alteration zone, host strata, irruptive rock body, tectonic block information, and analysis the correlation between remote sensing information and the prospecting information with the mathematic statistics.
(4) Based on the synthesis analysis information about geology, remote sensing, geophysical exploration, geochemical exploration, the paper established remote sensing prospecting mode of the study area. Thourgh GIS spatial overlay analysis, it indicated that Tianjianle-Dishabu village-Yalang village area, Balong-Songlale area, Nixiong-Chabuqianda-Gangyiema area, Dengjin-Niuqionglaga area, Daria-Pengria area have a good prospecting indicators.
总结研究区区域地质特征与已知矿点分布规律,从遥感数据的空间分辨率、光谱分辨率入手,确定遥感数据源及数据预处理方法。通过对比分析遥感数据与典型矿物的波谱特征,进行研究区的遥感矿化蚀变信息提取,以及岩性、构造、矿化蚀变等成矿信息的解译。通过建立研究区遥感找矿模式,在GIS技术的支持下,将遥感成矿信息与已有的地质、物探、化探方面信息进行叠加分析,圈定找矿远景区。本文主要完成了以下工作:
(1)以Landsat7 ETM+数据做为遥感信息提取的数据源,并对数据预处理流程进行研究。根据图像波段合成原则,选用ETM+741波段合成彩色影像,对遥感数据进行辐射校正、几何校正、图像镶嵌、数字融合等处理,最后得到适用于目视解译的工作底图。
(2)从遥感蚀变信息提取的地质依据和波谱前提入手,分析研究区主要矿化蚀变类型及典型蚀变矿物的波谱特征,总结遥感对含铁离子类和含羟基类蚀变矿物类提取的方法。通过应用去干扰异常主分量门限法,提取研究区遥感羟基异常和铁染异常,并引入正态分布理论对异常强度进行标准化等级划分。
(3)建立了研究区遥感地质解译标志,引入遥感五要素找矿理论,对区内的线性构造、环形构造、矿化蚀变带、赋矿地层、侵入岩体、构造块体等遥感矿产地质特征进行解译。利用数理统计原理和数学地质方法进行构造、岩性信息与找矿的相关性分析。
(4)综合分析研究区地质、遥感、物探、化探异常等信息,建立研究区遥感找矿模式。借助于GIS空间叠加分析,圈定天间勒-地沙布村-亚朗村找矿远景区、巴弄-松拉勒找矿远景区、尼雄-查不千达-岗依俄玛找矿远景区、灯井-牛穷拉嘎找矿远景区、打日阿-棚日阿找矿远景区共6个找矿远景区,为研究区下一阶段找矿工作的开展进行了有益的尝试。
Nixong district in which the northern margin of the Gangdise Mountains Tibet is important part of Gangdise Gu-Fe-polymetallic metallogenic belt. After discovered Nixong superlarge iron deposit and Ria medium copper deposit in regional geological survey of china land resource survey, researchers also have found many large or medium polymetallic deposit, such as Luobule iron deposit, Dibucuo iron deposit, Eacier iron deposit, Dajiaxiama Fe-polymetallic deposit, Zuobuari lead-zinc deposit. Nixiong district dispalys a good prospecting future. This paper has specially arranged and generalized data about regional geology, stratigraphy, tectonics, igneous rocks, and used remote sensing to extract mineralization information, and established remote sensing prospecting model suitable for study area, and analyzed the prospecting perspectives which could provide more comprehensive exploration prospecting for the region. This study has the significance of guiding exploration in Nixiong area and good inspiration to use of remote sensing and GIS technology for ore prediction.
On the basis of summarizing regional geological features and deposit distribution of the study area, this article determines remote sensing source and data pre-processing methods form the start of remote sensing spatial resolution and spectral resolution. Analyze the feature of remote sensing date and the spectral character of ground object, the paper used the remote sensing technology to extraction the lithologic information, tectonic information and mineralization alternation information.Establish prospecting model of remote sensing and Stack the geologic information, geophysical information and geochemical information with remote sensing information by Geographic Information System, synthesis analysis the mineral exploration information and advance the prospecting perspective. The main completed content of this paper as follow:
(1) The paper chooses the Landsat7 ETM+ as the date source of remote sensing information extraction and researchs the data preparation process. According to the principle of image band combination, the paper choose ETM+ 741 as the bands combination of synthetic image. Through radiometic correction, geometric correction, image mosaic, digital convergence, it could get base map for visual interpretation.
(2) Based on the type of mineralization alternation and spectrum character of altered rock ,analysis the geologic basis and spectral precondition of the remote sensing information extraction, summarize remote sensing method about extraction of chalybeate altered rock and hydroxyl altered rock. This paper use“Deinterfered Anomalous Principal Component Thresholding Technigue”to extract hydroxylate anomaly and chalybeate anomaly and classifies anomaly levels by normal distribution theory.
(3) Based on the established geologic interpret symbol and five features of remote sensing for mineral-prospecting, the paper extracts remote sensing geological characteristics of mineral, such as linear structure, circular structure, mineralization alteration zone, host strata, irruptive rock body, tectonic block information, and analysis the correlation between remote sensing information and the prospecting information with the mathematic statistics.
(4) Based on the synthesis analysis information about geology, remote sensing, geophysical exploration, geochemical exploration, the paper established remote sensing prospecting mode of the study area. Thourgh GIS spatial overlay analysis, it indicated that Tianjianle-Dishabu village-Yalang village area, Balong-Songlale area, Nixiong-Chabuqianda-Gangyiema area, Dengjin-Niuqionglaga area, Daria-Pengria area have a good prospecting indicators.
引文
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