基于MATLAB/Simulink的高压共轨柴油机仿真模型的研究与应用
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摘要
日益严格的排放法规以及安全与舒适性的更高要求使得ECU控制策略越来越复杂,开发难度也越来越大,传统的检测方法已不能满足复杂ECU功能的测试需求。为了缩短其开发周期、节省开发的成本,对在环仿真环境中的高压共轨柴油机实时动态模型进行了全面的研究。
软件在环仿真系统具有实时性要求严格、系统衔接紧密的基本特点,在实时仿真系统中动态模型的设计至关重要,它决定着整套系统的可行性和可靠性。采用模块化方法,根据模块独立性原则和物理划分原则将整个仿真系统中虚拟化的考察对象进行了细分,并逐一建模。并使用仿真建模工具MATLAB/Simulink建立了高压共轨柴油机的零维模型,并对其进行了仿真测试,仿真结果和试验结果较吻合,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
在所有模型模块中,发动机的燃烧模块作为影响发动机性能和影响仿真实时性的主要因素,是建模工作的重要部分。在对各方面因素进行综合比较后,选用Vibe燃烧模型。最后把仿真系统实时运行得出的结果和实际测试数据进行对比,证实了建立模型的合理性。
The Increasingly stringent regulations of emissions and the higher demands of safety and comfort make the ECU control strategies more complex, and then the development become more difficult. In order to shorten its development cycle, save the costs of development, the developing real-time dynamic model in high-pressure Common Rail Diesel Engine of loop simulation system has been studied.
Software-in-the-loop simulation system has the basic characteristics of real-time, strictly demanding and the closely linked system. Design of dynamic model is essential in real-time simulation system, which determines the feasibility and reliability of the entire system. According to the principles of the independent module and the physical division, this paper subdivides the virtualization in the whole simulation system by adopting the modular approach, and then makes models one by one. Based on MATLAB/Simulink the zero-dimensional simulation of diesel engine model is founded, and its simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. This demonstrates the correctness of the simulation model and the effectiveness by using MATLAB/Simulink for modeling and simulating of the diesel engine. It has important theoretical significance and practical value.
In all models, the engine combustion module becomes the main factors which affect the engine performance and the real-time simulation. It is the core part of modeling work. After comparing all the various factors, this paper selects Vibe combustion model, and adopts the Euler algorithm to improve the model calculations. Finally, through comparing the results from the real-time running in the simulation system with the actual test data, it proves the feasibility of the model designed in this paper.
软件在环仿真系统具有实时性要求严格、系统衔接紧密的基本特点,在实时仿真系统中动态模型的设计至关重要,它决定着整套系统的可行性和可靠性。采用模块化方法,根据模块独立性原则和物理划分原则将整个仿真系统中虚拟化的考察对象进行了细分,并逐一建模。并使用仿真建模工具MATLAB/Simulink建立了高压共轨柴油机的零维模型,并对其进行了仿真测试,仿真结果和试验结果较吻合,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
在所有模型模块中,发动机的燃烧模块作为影响发动机性能和影响仿真实时性的主要因素,是建模工作的重要部分。在对各方面因素进行综合比较后,选用Vibe燃烧模型。最后把仿真系统实时运行得出的结果和实际测试数据进行对比,证实了建立模型的合理性。
The Increasingly stringent regulations of emissions and the higher demands of safety and comfort make the ECU control strategies more complex, and then the development become more difficult. In order to shorten its development cycle, save the costs of development, the developing real-time dynamic model in high-pressure Common Rail Diesel Engine of loop simulation system has been studied.
Software-in-the-loop simulation system has the basic characteristics of real-time, strictly demanding and the closely linked system. Design of dynamic model is essential in real-time simulation system, which determines the feasibility and reliability of the entire system. According to the principles of the independent module and the physical division, this paper subdivides the virtualization in the whole simulation system by adopting the modular approach, and then makes models one by one. Based on MATLAB/Simulink the zero-dimensional simulation of diesel engine model is founded, and its simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. This demonstrates the correctness of the simulation model and the effectiveness by using MATLAB/Simulink for modeling and simulating of the diesel engine. It has important theoretical significance and practical value.
In all models, the engine combustion module becomes the main factors which affect the engine performance and the real-time simulation. It is the core part of modeling work. After comparing all the various factors, this paper selects Vibe combustion model, and adopts the Euler algorithm to improve the model calculations. Finally, through comparing the results from the real-time running in the simulation system with the actual test data, it proves the feasibility of the model designed in this paper.
引文
[1]高小娟.柴油机电控共轨系统的控制技术[D].大连理工大学,2005.
[2]张倩.柴油机电控共轨系统的发展现状[C].第二届中国CAE工程分析技术年会.2006：70-74.
[3]Stefan Pischinger. The future of vehicle propulsion-combustion engines and alternatives. Topics in catalysis Vols.30/31, July 2004.
[4]赵伟.高压喷射(160MPa)燃油系统的研究[J].柴油机,2007,29(6)：19-22.
[5]顾启泰.现代仿真技术与应用[M].清华大学出版社,1995.
[6]王风军.计算机仿真技术在汽车ABS系统性能分析中的应用[J].中国制造业信息化,2009,38(3)：78-90.
[7]戴海峰,魏学哲,孙泽昌等.V模式及其在现代汽车电子系统开发中的应用[J].机电一体化,2006,6：20-24.
[8]继德.汽车电子控制系统工程[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,1998.
[9]冯皓明,申立中,王志宏等.基于V模式的发动机嵌入式ECU开发[C].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2008,33(10)：270-273.
[10]Savaglio, C.Handware in-Loop Simulation-An Engine Controller Implemention. SAE 930204,1993.
[11]张艳.高压共轨柴油机电控系统的研究[D].北京：北京交通大学.2006.
[12]刘永长.内燃机热力过程模拟[M].2001.
[13]周龙保.内燃机学[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2005.
[14]秦明华.汽车电器与电子技术[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2003.
[15]Waton N. Turbocharging the internal combustion engine[M]. London:The Macmillan Press,1982.
[16]林杰伦.内燃机工作过程数值计算[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1986.
[17]王纪元.柴油机工作过程的Simulink建模仿真研究[D].大连理工大学,2008.
[18]Hey wood JB. Internal combustion engine fundamental [M]. New York:McGraw-HiLl Book Co.,1988
[19]解茂昭.内燃机计算燃烧学[M].大连理工大学,2005.
[20]Watson N. Turbo charging the internal combustion engine [M]. London:The Macmillan Press,1982.
[21]朱辉,王丽清,程昌沂等.用于控制分析的柴油机动态模型[J].内燃机学报,1999,17(3)：211-218.
[22]段树林,欧阳明高,刘铮等.涡轮增压柴油机动态仿真的研究[J].大连海事大学学报.1999,25(3)：77-80.
[23]WANG Hong-qiao, YANG Ming-gao, LI Jin. A Type of real-time simulation system for electronic diesel engine controller[C]. Transaction of CSICE.2002,20(1):36-40.
[24]冯国胜,杨绍普.柴油机及其电控系统仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(9)：2276-2278.
[25]Charles W.Gear. Simultaneous numerical solution of differential-algebraic equations[J]. IEEE Transactions on circuit theory 1971,18(1):23-26
[26]邵力耕,周韶泽.基于降维的多维插值数值算法[J].交通与计算机.2005,24(1)：127-129.
[27]吴勃英.数值分析原理[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[28]M. Venturini. Development and experimental validation of a compressor dynamic model[J], Journal of Turbomachinery.2005,127:5999-6080.
[29]Masahiko Miyaki et al, Development of new electronically controlled fuel injection system ECD-U2 for diesel engines, SAE Paper 910252.
[30]J. R. Needham, A. Bouthenet, Competitive fuel economy and low emissions achieved through flexible injection control, SAE Paper 931020.
[31]郭林福,马朝臣,施新等.有叶普通涡轮增压器与发动机稳态匹配模型的建立、验证与模拟[J].内燃机工程,2003,24(3)：61-66.
[32]李德桃.涡流室式柴油机冷起动过程的若干特征[J].内燃机学报,1992,15(4)：28-20.
[33]李德桃,何晓阳.涡流室式柴油机在冷起动时的准维燃烧模拟计算[J].内燃机学报,2003,19(2)：113-116.
[34]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[35]王永庭,张付军,李长文.基于dSPACE的柴油机ECU硬件在环仿真平台[J]. 仿真学报.2005,10：41-44.
[36]LABCAR Overview, ETAS,2000.
[37]LABCAR Software V1.3, ETAS,2002.
[38]LABCAR DeveloperVI.2User'sGuide,ETAS,200.
[39]邵华.LABCAR的功能结构与实际应用[D].同济大学.2003.
[40]R. Ashino, M. Nagase, R. Vaillancourt. Behind and beyond the MALTAB ODE suite[J]. Computers & mathematics with applications.2000,40:491-512.
[41]郑阿奇.MATLAB实用教程[M].2005.
[42]黄永安,马路,刘惠敏.MATLAB/Simulink建模仿真开发与高级工程应用[M].2005.
[2]张倩.柴油机电控共轨系统的发展现状[C].第二届中国CAE工程分析技术年会.2006：70-74.
[3]Stefan Pischinger. The future of vehicle propulsion-combustion engines and alternatives. Topics in catalysis Vols.30/31, July 2004.
[4]赵伟.高压喷射(160MPa)燃油系统的研究[J].柴油机,2007,29(6)：19-22.
[5]顾启泰.现代仿真技术与应用[M].清华大学出版社,1995.
[6]王风军.计算机仿真技术在汽车ABS系统性能分析中的应用[J].中国制造业信息化,2009,38(3)：78-90.
[7]戴海峰,魏学哲,孙泽昌等.V模式及其在现代汽车电子系统开发中的应用[J].机电一体化,2006,6：20-24.
[8]继德.汽车电子控制系统工程[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,1998.
[9]冯皓明,申立中,王志宏等.基于V模式的发动机嵌入式ECU开发[C].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2008,33(10)：270-273.
[10]Savaglio, C.Handware in-Loop Simulation-An Engine Controller Implemention. SAE 930204,1993.
[11]张艳.高压共轨柴油机电控系统的研究[D].北京：北京交通大学.2006.
[12]刘永长.内燃机热力过程模拟[M].2001.
[13]周龙保.内燃机学[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2005.
[14]秦明华.汽车电器与电子技术[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2003.
[15]Waton N. Turbocharging the internal combustion engine[M]. London:The Macmillan Press,1982.
[16]林杰伦.内燃机工作过程数值计算[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1986.
[17]王纪元.柴油机工作过程的Simulink建模仿真研究[D].大连理工大学,2008.
[18]Hey wood JB. Internal combustion engine fundamental [M]. New York:McGraw-HiLl Book Co.,1988
[19]解茂昭.内燃机计算燃烧学[M].大连理工大学,2005.
[20]Watson N. Turbo charging the internal combustion engine [M]. London:The Macmillan Press,1982.
[21]朱辉,王丽清,程昌沂等.用于控制分析的柴油机动态模型[J].内燃机学报,1999,17(3)：211-218.
[22]段树林,欧阳明高,刘铮等.涡轮增压柴油机动态仿真的研究[J].大连海事大学学报.1999,25(3)：77-80.
[23]WANG Hong-qiao, YANG Ming-gao, LI Jin. A Type of real-time simulation system for electronic diesel engine controller[C]. Transaction of CSICE.2002,20(1):36-40.
[24]冯国胜,杨绍普.柴油机及其电控系统仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(9)：2276-2278.
[25]Charles W.Gear. Simultaneous numerical solution of differential-algebraic equations[J]. IEEE Transactions on circuit theory 1971,18(1):23-26
[26]邵力耕,周韶泽.基于降维的多维插值数值算法[J].交通与计算机.2005,24(1)：127-129.
[27]吴勃英.数值分析原理[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[28]M. Venturini. Development and experimental validation of a compressor dynamic model[J], Journal of Turbomachinery.2005,127:5999-6080.
[29]Masahiko Miyaki et al, Development of new electronically controlled fuel injection system ECD-U2 for diesel engines, SAE Paper 910252.
[30]J. R. Needham, A. Bouthenet, Competitive fuel economy and low emissions achieved through flexible injection control, SAE Paper 931020.
[31]郭林福,马朝臣,施新等.有叶普通涡轮增压器与发动机稳态匹配模型的建立、验证与模拟[J].内燃机工程,2003,24(3)：61-66.
[32]李德桃.涡流室式柴油机冷起动过程的若干特征[J].内燃机学报,1992,15(4)：28-20.
[33]李德桃,何晓阳.涡流室式柴油机在冷起动时的准维燃烧模拟计算[J].内燃机学报,2003,19(2)：113-116.
[34]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[35]王永庭,张付军,李长文.基于dSPACE的柴油机ECU硬件在环仿真平台[J]. 仿真学报.2005,10：41-44.
[36]LABCAR Overview, ETAS,2000.
[37]LABCAR Software V1.3, ETAS,2002.
[38]LABCAR DeveloperVI.2User'sGuide,ETAS,200.
[39]邵华.LABCAR的功能结构与实际应用[D].同济大学.2003.
[40]R. Ashino, M. Nagase, R. Vaillancourt. Behind and beyond the MALTAB ODE suite[J]. Computers & mathematics with applications.2000,40:491-512.
[41]郑阿奇.MATLAB实用教程[M].2005.
[42]黄永安,马路,刘惠敏.MATLAB/Simulink建模仿真开发与高级工程应用[M].2005.