抽油机电机能量平衡理论与试验研究
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摘要
有杆抽油是应用最为广泛的传统采油方式,在国内外占有很大比例。其工作原理是靠抽油机抽油杆拖动抽油泵柱塞上下往复运动,实现抽油；上冲程时抽油机拖动抽油杆柱和油柱向上运动,载荷比较大,而下冲程时抽油机在抽油杆柱的拖动下向下运动,载荷小。因而抽油机所受载荷变化剧烈,为此常对抽油机平衡,而目前常用的机械平衡方式平衡不够彻底,还存在较大扭矩波动和负扭矩。故抽油机电机扭矩变化也较大、还存在超转速现象,造成了电机效率低下。
由于增大转动惯量能够降低电机的转速波动、提高电机运行效率,本文从改变电机转动惯量的角度出发,从理论和试验两个方面研究增加电机转动惯量对电机效率的影响。
根据抽油机的结构特点建立悬点运动及动力分析数学模型,计算悬点速度、加速度随曲柄转角的变化关系；以抽油机曲柄为等效转动构件,计算抽油机在一个周期的等效转动惯量。根据电机扭矩和转速关系建立方程,应用微分法求解电机在增加转动惯量前后的转速和转矩变化情况。并根据电机转速和效率的关系曲线,研究增加转动惯量对电机效率的影响。
依据理论分析的结果,提出了利用飞轮来增加转动惯量的抽油机电机能量平衡装置设计方案,研制了两种型号的飞轮平衡装置。室内模拟试验表明,随抽油机冲次载荷的变化,电机的节能效果亦不同。现场的4口井的对比试验表明,CNB-II型抽油机电机能量平衡装置平均综合节电率达17.5%,最大功率降低29%；具有较理想的节能效果。
Rod pumping is the most widespread traditional extraction method at present and holds great proportion at home and abroad. Its principle is to pumping oil through the up and down movement of oil pump plunger dragged by the sucker rod. The pumping unit drags sucker rod and oil column to move upward during up-stroke and the load is comparatively large. On the other hand, the pumping unit is dragged by sucker rod to move downward during down-stroke and the load is small. Therefore, the load fluctuation of the pumping unit is large and it needs to be balanced. But the effect of present commonly used mechanical equilibrium way is not very well, existing great torque fluctuation and negative torque. So, the torque fluctuation of pumping unit is large and has overspeed phenomenon, causing low efficiency of electrical motor.
Because of the reason that electrical motor's rotate speed can be reduced and the operating efficiency can be obtained by increasing the moment of inertia. From the point of changing the motor's inertia, the effect to the motor's efficiency by increasing the motor's inertia has been researched in both theoretical side and experimental side.
According to the structural features of the pumping unit, the movement and mechanical analysis mathematical model are established, the variation relationship of speed and acceleration of the suspending point with the crank angle are computed. Taking the pumping unit's crank as the equivalent rotation component, the equivalent rotation inertia of pumping unit in one cycle is calculated. Functions have been established based on the relationship between motor's torque and rotation speed. Using the differential method, the variational situations of the torque and rotation speed around the increasing of the rotation inertia are solved. And according to the relationship curves between motor's torque and rotation speed, the influence to the motor's efficiency by increasing the rotation inertia has been researched.
Based on the result of theoretical analysis, the design proposal of the pumping unit's electrical motor energy-balanced equipment with the principle of increasing the rotation inertia by flywheel is proposed and two kinds of flywheel balancing equipments have been developed. The indoor simulation test indicates that along with the change of pumping unit's load and frequency of stroke, the balancing effect are different. The comparative test of four oil pumps on the spot shows that pumping unit balance equipment No. CNB-II has ideal energy balancing effect with average combined electrical saving rate 17.5% and the maximum power reduces 29%.
由于增大转动惯量能够降低电机的转速波动、提高电机运行效率,本文从改变电机转动惯量的角度出发,从理论和试验两个方面研究增加电机转动惯量对电机效率的影响。
根据抽油机的结构特点建立悬点运动及动力分析数学模型,计算悬点速度、加速度随曲柄转角的变化关系；以抽油机曲柄为等效转动构件,计算抽油机在一个周期的等效转动惯量。根据电机扭矩和转速关系建立方程,应用微分法求解电机在增加转动惯量前后的转速和转矩变化情况。并根据电机转速和效率的关系曲线,研究增加转动惯量对电机效率的影响。
依据理论分析的结果,提出了利用飞轮来增加转动惯量的抽油机电机能量平衡装置设计方案,研制了两种型号的飞轮平衡装置。室内模拟试验表明,随抽油机冲次载荷的变化,电机的节能效果亦不同。现场的4口井的对比试验表明,CNB-II型抽油机电机能量平衡装置平均综合节电率达17.5%,最大功率降低29%；具有较理想的节能效果。
Rod pumping is the most widespread traditional extraction method at present and holds great proportion at home and abroad. Its principle is to pumping oil through the up and down movement of oil pump plunger dragged by the sucker rod. The pumping unit drags sucker rod and oil column to move upward during up-stroke and the load is comparatively large. On the other hand, the pumping unit is dragged by sucker rod to move downward during down-stroke and the load is small. Therefore, the load fluctuation of the pumping unit is large and it needs to be balanced. But the effect of present commonly used mechanical equilibrium way is not very well, existing great torque fluctuation and negative torque. So, the torque fluctuation of pumping unit is large and has overspeed phenomenon, causing low efficiency of electrical motor.
Because of the reason that electrical motor's rotate speed can be reduced and the operating efficiency can be obtained by increasing the moment of inertia. From the point of changing the motor's inertia, the effect to the motor's efficiency by increasing the motor's inertia has been researched in both theoretical side and experimental side.
According to the structural features of the pumping unit, the movement and mechanical analysis mathematical model are established, the variation relationship of speed and acceleration of the suspending point with the crank angle are computed. Taking the pumping unit's crank as the equivalent rotation component, the equivalent rotation inertia of pumping unit in one cycle is calculated. Functions have been established based on the relationship between motor's torque and rotation speed. Using the differential method, the variational situations of the torque and rotation speed around the increasing of the rotation inertia are solved. And according to the relationship curves between motor's torque and rotation speed, the influence to the motor's efficiency by increasing the rotation inertia has been researched.
Based on the result of theoretical analysis, the design proposal of the pumping unit's electrical motor energy-balanced equipment with the principle of increasing the rotation inertia by flywheel is proposed and two kinds of flywheel balancing equipments have been developed. The indoor simulation test indicates that along with the change of pumping unit's load and frequency of stroke, the balancing effect are different. The comparative test of four oil pumps on the spot shows that pumping unit balance equipment No. CNB-II has ideal energy balancing effect with average combined electrical saving rate 17.5% and the maximum power reduces 29%.
引文
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[2]郭富禄,周明卿,尹强,鲍秀华,李德全.游梁式抽油机二次平衡技术的应用[J].石油矿场机械,2004,33(3)：76-78.
[3]倪国军,高长乐,王志坚.常规游梁式抽油机节能能改造[J].新疆石油天然气,2005,1(1)：83-86.
[4]牛曙光,赵砚虹.长冲程链式液压抽油机[J].机床与液压,2005,8：87-88.
[5]孙仲伟,蔡德春等.新型液压抽油机研制[J].特种油气藏,2006,9(3)：43-44.
[6]张连山.长冲程无游梁抽油机锦集与发展研究[J].矿场机械,1998,21(3)：33-41.
7. Lea, Jams F, Winker, Herald W, Snyder, Robert E. What's New In Artificial Lift. World Oil,2001,222 (3):72-79.
8. R. E. Laine, J. F. Keating, J. W. Jennings. Shallow Sucker Rod Wells and Fluid Inertia. Texas A& M University, southwestern Petroleum Short Course.1990, 4753.
[9]张连山.增程式无游梁抽油机的现状与发展[J].石油机械,1997,25(3)：53-55.
[10]李祖国,袁德洲.前置型游梁式抽油机计算分析[J],江汉石油职工大学学报,2006,19(4)：75-77.
11. William H. Mcmillan. Planning the Direction Well-A Calculation Method.1981, 33(6):952962.
12. JR. Eickmeier. Pumping Well Optimization Techniques. The Journal of Canadian,1992,45 (5):367.
13. Winkler, H. W, Texas Tech U. New and Expected Developments in Artificial Lift University of Tulsa Centennial Petroleum Engineering Symposium, Petroleum, Lea, J. F, Amoco Production Research 1973.4(6):29-31
[14]张乾超,熊立波.气平衡抽油机的改进与推广应用[J],石油机械,1994,22(37)：42-45.
[15]张焱,李骥.JPCYJC型丛式井智能长冲程抽油机设计[J],石油矿场机械,2005,34(3)：35-37.
16. Landry, W. E. Calculator Program Speeds Pumping Unit Design. World Oil, Nov1987.205(5):41.
[17]马军鹏,郭怀玉,鲍远敦,许慧玲.常规抽油机节能改造新技术的研究和应用[J].青海石油,2006,24(2)：53-55.
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19. S. G. Gibbs. Predicting the Behavior of Sucker Rod Pumping Systems. Journal of Petroleum Technology (JPT),1993,769-778.
20. Kilgore, J. J, Tripp, H.A., Shell Development Co. Hunt Jr., C.L, Lufkin Industries Inc. Walking Beam Pumping Unit System Efficiency Measurements SPE:22788,1999.
[21]苏德胜,刘先刚,吕卫祥.游梁式抽油机节能机理综述[J].石油机械2001,29(5)：49-53.
22. Michael W. Dickey, SmithLift LLC Economic Pumping Technology for Coalbed Methane (CBM), Stripper Oil, and Shallow Gas Well Deliquification SPE Eastern Regional Meeting SPE:104314,2006.
[23]宋德福.常规游梁式抽油机节能方案[J].石油机械,2004,27(6)5.
24. McCoy, J. N, Echometer Co, Ott, R. E. Beam pump balancing based on motor power utilization SPE Production Operations Symposium. SPE:97593,2005.
25. N. McCoy,O. L. Rowlan, D. J. Becker. How to Maintain High Producing Efficiency in Sucker Rod Lift Operations. SPE Production and Operations Symposium. SPE:80924,2003.
[26]戴扬,陆玲,高学仕.双驴头抽油机的运动与动力特性分析[J].机械设计,2004,6(1)26-28.
[27]刘邓明.异型双驴头游梁式抽油机的应用[J].机械,2003,30：102-1 03.
[28]杨荣,葛志羽.上置横梁摆杆式游梁抽油机的研究与应用[J].石油机械,2004,32：101-103.
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[31]李晓慧.可调径下偏复合平衡抽油机的研制[J].2005,33(10)：24-25.
[32]罗仁全等.下偏杠铃游梁复合平衡抽油机及节能技术改造[J].石油矿场机械,2002,31(5)：24-39.
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[34]薛承谨,鲍雨锋.超高转差率电动机驱动游梁抽油机动力学研究[J].石油矿场机械,2002,30(1)：4-7.
[35]白连平等.抽油机双功率电机控制系统的设计[J].电子技术,2004,(5)：21-23
[36]李兆平.实现油田抽油机节能的最佳途径[J].油气田地面工程,2002,21(3)：84-85.
[37]王江生,赵景芳,魏永田.油梁式抽油机专用双速电机的研究[J].佳木斯防暴电机 研究所,1995,3：19-21.
[38]薄保中等.抽油机用稀土永磁同步电动机的研制[J].微电机,2000,33(5)：48-49.
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[41]张敬.变频调速技术在油田的应用现状及前景分析[J].江汉石油科技,2006,16(2)：48-52.
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[2]郭富禄,周明卿,尹强,鲍秀华,李德全.游梁式抽油机二次平衡技术的应用[J].石油矿场机械,2004,33(3)：76-78.
[3]倪国军,高长乐,王志坚.常规游梁式抽油机节能能改造[J].新疆石油天然气,2005,1(1)：83-86.
[4]牛曙光,赵砚虹.长冲程链式液压抽油机[J].机床与液压,2005,8：87-88.
[5]孙仲伟,蔡德春等.新型液压抽油机研制[J].特种油气藏,2006,9(3)：43-44.
[6]张连山.长冲程无游梁抽油机锦集与发展研究[J].矿场机械,1998,21(3)：33-41.
7. Lea, Jams F, Winker, Herald W, Snyder, Robert E. What's New In Artificial Lift. World Oil,2001,222 (3):72-79.
8. R. E. Laine, J. F. Keating, J. W. Jennings. Shallow Sucker Rod Wells and Fluid Inertia. Texas A& M University, southwestern Petroleum Short Course.1990, 4753.
[9]张连山.增程式无游梁抽油机的现状与发展[J].石油机械,1997,25(3)：53-55.
[10]李祖国,袁德洲.前置型游梁式抽油机计算分析[J],江汉石油职工大学学报,2006,19(4)：75-77.
11. William H. Mcmillan. Planning the Direction Well-A Calculation Method.1981, 33(6):952962.
12. JR. Eickmeier. Pumping Well Optimization Techniques. The Journal of Canadian,1992,45 (5):367.
13. Winkler, H. W, Texas Tech U. New and Expected Developments in Artificial Lift University of Tulsa Centennial Petroleum Engineering Symposium, Petroleum, Lea, J. F, Amoco Production Research 1973.4(6):29-31
[14]张乾超,熊立波.气平衡抽油机的改进与推广应用[J],石油机械,1994,22(37)：42-45.
[15]张焱,李骥.JPCYJC型丛式井智能长冲程抽油机设计[J],石油矿场机械,2005,34(3)：35-37.
16. Landry, W. E. Calculator Program Speeds Pumping Unit Design. World Oil, Nov1987.205(5):41.
[17]马军鹏,郭怀玉,鲍远敦,许慧玲.常规抽油机节能改造新技术的研究和应用[J].青海石油,2006,24(2)：53-55.
[18]董世民,张士军.抽油机设计计算与计算机实现[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1994,5：11-21.
19. S. G. Gibbs. Predicting the Behavior of Sucker Rod Pumping Systems. Journal of Petroleum Technology (JPT),1993,769-778.
20. Kilgore, J. J, Tripp, H.A., Shell Development Co. Hunt Jr., C.L, Lufkin Industries Inc. Walking Beam Pumping Unit System Efficiency Measurements SPE:22788,1999.
[21]苏德胜,刘先刚,吕卫祥.游梁式抽油机节能机理综述[J].石油机械2001,29(5)：49-53.
22. Michael W. Dickey, SmithLift LLC Economic Pumping Technology for Coalbed Methane (CBM), Stripper Oil, and Shallow Gas Well Deliquification SPE Eastern Regional Meeting SPE:104314,2006.
[23]宋德福.常规游梁式抽油机节能方案[J].石油机械,2004,27(6)5.
24. McCoy, J. N, Echometer Co, Ott, R. E. Beam pump balancing based on motor power utilization SPE Production Operations Symposium. SPE:97593,2005.
25. N. McCoy,O. L. Rowlan, D. J. Becker. How to Maintain High Producing Efficiency in Sucker Rod Lift Operations. SPE Production and Operations Symposium. SPE:80924,2003.
[26]戴扬,陆玲,高学仕.双驴头抽油机的运动与动力特性分析[J].机械设计,2004,6(1)26-28.
[27]刘邓明.异型双驴头游梁式抽油机的应用[J].机械,2003,30：102-1 03.
[28]杨荣,葛志羽.上置横梁摆杆式游梁抽油机的研究与应用[J].石油机械,2004,32：101-103.
[29]白瑜明,周彩霞等.常规游梁式抽油机改造成异相型抽油机石油机械,1998,26(6)：32-33.
[30]栾庆德,驼华峰等.常规抽油机节能改造及效果分析[J].大庆石油学院学报,2003,6(12)：68-70.
[31]李晓慧.可调径下偏复合平衡抽油机的研制[J].2005,33(10)：24-25.
[32]罗仁全等.下偏杠铃游梁复合平衡抽油机及节能技术改造[J].石油矿场机械,2002,31(5)：24-39.
[33]姚春冬等.超高转差电机驱动有杆抽油系统动态特性的计算机仿真[J].系统仿真学报,1997,4：44-49.
[34]薛承谨,鲍雨锋.超高转差率电动机驱动游梁抽油机动力学研究[J].石油矿场机械,2002,30(1)：4-7.
[35]白连平等.抽油机双功率电机控制系统的设计[J].电子技术,2004,(5)：21-23
[36]李兆平.实现油田抽油机节能的最佳途径[J].油气田地面工程,2002,21(3)：84-85.
[37]王江生,赵景芳,魏永田.油梁式抽油机专用双速电机的研究[J].佳木斯防暴电机 研究所,1995,3：19-21.
[38]薄保中等.抽油机用稀土永磁同步电动机的研制[J].微电机,2000,33(5)：48-49.
[39]王同义等.抽油机用永磁同步电动机的研制及应用[J].节能技术,2004,11(6)：39-41.
[40]郭勤良等.稀土永磁同步电机在抽油机上的应用分析[J].石油矿场机械,2005,34(2)：54-56.
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