大麻织物改性技术对染色及服用性能的影响
摘要
大麻纤维具有很多优异的性能,但是由于其纤维中纤维素含量较低,木质素和半纤维素等纤维素伴生物较多,使大麻织物在染整加工和使用上存在很多困难。本课题在参考了大量其它天然纤维素纤维的加工和改性方法的基础上，对大麻织物进行改性，以期可以改善大麻织物的染色和服用性能。
本课题采用的原料为纯大麻原坯布,由于前处理工艺的优劣直接影响到织物染色时的染色性能,所以为了获得能够满足后续染色及改性的要求的大麻织物,首先简要的讨论一下大麻织物的前处理工艺。分别采用酸碱煮练和酶煮练两种方法对大麻织物进行煮练。先进行酸煮练处理对大麻纤维中木质素的去除有很好的效果,并且配合碱煮练可以很好的提高大麻织物的毛细效应,并且保持较好的强力。由于生物酶对织物刺痒感的改善较为明显,所以在煮练部分选取了常见的三种纺织用酶对大麻织物进行处理,分别为精炼酶、果胶酶、酵素,也取得了较好的效果。酵素酶与果胶酶复配起来处理后织物的毛细效应由原布的14.5cm上升到现在的17.8cm,织物的抗弯长度从原来的38.6cm下降到27.7cm,抗弯强度也从原来的573N下降到213N,表明织物的毛细效应和柔软度都获得了较大的改善。并且织物的单面压缩性能也获得了较好的改善,织物的毛羽长度从0.604mm下降到0.554mm,分界点处的压力值由1.05cN下降到0.87cN,织物主体压缩硬度由11.2下降到9.8,表明织物的刺痒感也有了很大的改善。
由于获得较好的白度对于后续的染整加工具有重要的意义,选取双氧水和过氧乙酸两种漂白剂对于大麻织物进行漂白,并分别从影响它们漂白的因素着手找到它们对于大麻织物的较佳的工艺,最后结合两种工艺对大麻织物进行初漂与复漂。相对于双氧水来说,过氧乙酸在漂白大麻织物时,对大麻纤维中木质素的去除较为有效,漂白前后的木质素含量分别为5.284%和4.019%,同样条件下双氧水漂白前后大麻织物的木质素含量为5.284%和4.525%。先进行过氧乙酸漂白再进行双氧水漂白可以使大麻织物在保持一定的强力的前提下,获得较好的白度,它的强降率和白度分别为13%和64.1,可以基本满足染整加工的需要。
针对大麻织物的染色的不足,在参考其它麻类纤维改性方法的基础上,选取浓碱液、乙二胺/氢氧化钠/尿素水溶液,阳离子改性剂3.氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、硫脲/氢氧化钠/尿素、N-甲基氧化吗啉(NMMO)等改性方法对大麻织物进行改性在染料的上染率、色牢度、强力、刺痒感等方面均取得了较好的效果。其中NMMO和阳离子改性后的大麻织物性能较为优异,染色时可获得较好的上染率与比表面得色量,并保持较好的色牢度,其对刺痒感的改善也很明显。
经过改性后的大麻织物在染色时上染率有了明显的提高,阳离子改性后的织物上染率由41%提高到了54%,提高了13%,然后是NMMO处理的织物和乙二胺改性织物，上染率也都分别提高了12%和11%。从K/S值来说,同时织物也获得了较高的K/S值,其中NNNI改性织物达到10.13,阳离子改性织物也达到了9.98,过浓碱改性即丝光后的染色织物K/S值也达到了8.8。从染色时的匀染性来说,染色织物的匀染性也有所提高,色差DE上可以看出，从原布的2.2都有所下降,其中NMMO改性织物的色差为1.2。再从织物的断裂强力和断裂延伸率来说,虽然经过改性后纤维有所损伤，但是同时改性也使纤维中各组分的分布更加均匀.有利织物强力的增加,所以在总体上来看,织物的强力并没有明显的下降,强降率都保持在13%以内,特别是经过NMMO改性的织物强降率不足1%,而且改性织物的断裂延伸率都普遍提高20%以上。同时改性后的染色织物干湿摩擦牢度和耐洗牢度都达到了4-5级以上。从织物的刺痒感来看,改性后大麻织物的刺痒感有所改善。其中NMMO改性的大麻织物的毛羽长度最短,从原来的0.423mm下降到0.324mm.分界点压力值也从0.98cN下降到0.79cN。
The hemp has many excellent properties. but its content of cellulose fibers is low. content of lignin and hemicellulose are more, so there are many difficulties in the dyeing and finishing of hemp fabric. The subject in reference to the large number of other natural cellulose fiber processing and modification methods. modified the hemp fabric, in order to improve its dyeability and wearability.
The subject used pure hemp fabric as raw materials. because the effect of the pre-treatment process will directly affect the dyeing performance of the fabric. So in order to meeting the requirements of the hemp fabric of staining and modification, first briefly discuss pretreatment of hemp fabric. In processing of scouring used two methods. acid and alkali scouring and enzyme scouring. Doing acid scouring on the removal of lignin in hemp fibers have a good effect, and with alkali scouring it can improve the capillary effect and maintain good strength of the hemp fabric. As Prickle enzyme to improve the fabric is more obvious, so selected three common enzymes in textile treated the hemp fabric, refined enzyme, pectinase enzyme, cellulose enzyme, and had achieved good results. Pectinase enzyme complexed together with the cellulose enzyme treat with the hemp fabric, the capillary effect of the hemp fabric from 14.5cm up to the present 17.8cm. length of fabric from the original 38.6cm bending down to 27.7cm. flexural strength from the original 573N down to 213N, show that the capillary effect and Rouran fabrics are given a greater degree of improvement. And one side of the fabric getting better compression performance improvement, the bending length of the fabric decreased from 0.604mm to 0.554mm, the pressure at the dividing point decline in value from 1.05cN to 0.87cN, the main compression hardness of the fabric from 11.2 to 9.8.
Getting the good whiteness is significant to the fabric in the dyeing and finishing processing, selected two kinds of bleaching agent for bleaching of hemp fabric, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid bleach. Respectively, from the impact of various factors in bleaching, discussed the two in detail. finally arranged the process of bleaching of the hemp. Relative to hydrogen peroxide, the peracetic acid bleaching of hemp fabric is more effective to the removal of lignin, content of lignin before and after bleaching was 5.284% and 4.019%, and under the same conditions before and after hydrogen peroxide bleaching content of lignin was 5.284% and 4.525%. Finally, frist doing peracetic acid bleaching and next doing marijuana hydrogen peroxide bleaching can maintain a strong fabric and obtain better whiteness, its strength deprssed 13% and whiteness was 64.1, it can basically meet the dyeing and finishing processing needs.
In reference to other hemp fiber modified methods, established the modified plans of the hemp fabric. By analyzing the uptake rate, color fastness, strength, fabric-evoked prickle, etc. researched the effect of the modification. Modified method selected alkali mercerization, ethylenediamine / sodium hydroxide / urea solution, cationic modifier 3-chloro -2- hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, thiourea / sodium hydroxide urea, N-methyl morpholine oxide (NMMO). all achieved certain results. In these, the properties of the hemp fabric modified by cationic modifier and NMMO are more excellent, they obtained good dyeing rate and better color yield in staining, kept good color fastness, also improved its prickle.
The dyeing rate of hemp fabric after modification has been significantly improved. The dyeing rate of cationic modification fabric from 41% to 54%. increased by 13%, and then The dyeing rate of the fabric modifided by NMMO and ethylenediamine, increased 12% and 11%. And the K/S value of the fabric also received a higher, which the K/S value of the fabric modified by NMMO and cationic agent respectively reached 10.13 and 9.98. The difference of color DE decreased from 2.2. DE value of fabric modified NMMO was 1.2. Although the fiber modified has been injury, but at the same modification also made each component of the fiber more distribution. it is conducive to the increasing the strength of the fabric. So, the fabric strength was not significantly reduced, the rate of strength droping maintained at 13% or less, special fabrics modified by NMMO rate of strength droping even less than 1%, and the breaking elongation of the fabric had increased above 50%. While the dry and wet rubbing fastness and washing fastness of the modified fabric dyed all had reached 4 to 5 level above. From the prickle view of the fabric. Prickle of hemp fabric modified improved. The hairiness length o(?) hemp fabric modified NMMO is the shortest, from the original 0.423mm down to 0.324mm, the demarcation point pressure decreased from 0.98cN to 0.79cN.
本课题采用的原料为纯大麻原坯布,由于前处理工艺的优劣直接影响到织物染色时的染色性能,所以为了获得能够满足后续染色及改性的要求的大麻织物,首先简要的讨论一下大麻织物的前处理工艺。分别采用酸碱煮练和酶煮练两种方法对大麻织物进行煮练。先进行酸煮练处理对大麻纤维中木质素的去除有很好的效果,并且配合碱煮练可以很好的提高大麻织物的毛细效应,并且保持较好的强力。由于生物酶对织物刺痒感的改善较为明显,所以在煮练部分选取了常见的三种纺织用酶对大麻织物进行处理,分别为精炼酶、果胶酶、酵素,也取得了较好的效果。酵素酶与果胶酶复配起来处理后织物的毛细效应由原布的14.5cm上升到现在的17.8cm,织物的抗弯长度从原来的38.6cm下降到27.7cm,抗弯强度也从原来的573N下降到213N,表明织物的毛细效应和柔软度都获得了较大的改善。并且织物的单面压缩性能也获得了较好的改善,织物的毛羽长度从0.604mm下降到0.554mm,分界点处的压力值由1.05cN下降到0.87cN,织物主体压缩硬度由11.2下降到9.8,表明织物的刺痒感也有了很大的改善。
由于获得较好的白度对于后续的染整加工具有重要的意义,选取双氧水和过氧乙酸两种漂白剂对于大麻织物进行漂白,并分别从影响它们漂白的因素着手找到它们对于大麻织物的较佳的工艺,最后结合两种工艺对大麻织物进行初漂与复漂。相对于双氧水来说,过氧乙酸在漂白大麻织物时,对大麻纤维中木质素的去除较为有效,漂白前后的木质素含量分别为5.284%和4.019%,同样条件下双氧水漂白前后大麻织物的木质素含量为5.284%和4.525%。先进行过氧乙酸漂白再进行双氧水漂白可以使大麻织物在保持一定的强力的前提下,获得较好的白度,它的强降率和白度分别为13%和64.1,可以基本满足染整加工的需要。
针对大麻织物的染色的不足,在参考其它麻类纤维改性方法的基础上,选取浓碱液、乙二胺/氢氧化钠/尿素水溶液,阳离子改性剂3.氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、硫脲/氢氧化钠/尿素、N-甲基氧化吗啉(NMMO)等改性方法对大麻织物进行改性在染料的上染率、色牢度、强力、刺痒感等方面均取得了较好的效果。其中NMMO和阳离子改性后的大麻织物性能较为优异,染色时可获得较好的上染率与比表面得色量,并保持较好的色牢度,其对刺痒感的改善也很明显。
经过改性后的大麻织物在染色时上染率有了明显的提高,阳离子改性后的织物上染率由41%提高到了54%,提高了13%,然后是NMMO处理的织物和乙二胺改性织物，上染率也都分别提高了12%和11%。从K/S值来说,同时织物也获得了较高的K/S值,其中NNNI改性织物达到10.13,阳离子改性织物也达到了9.98,过浓碱改性即丝光后的染色织物K/S值也达到了8.8。从染色时的匀染性来说,染色织物的匀染性也有所提高,色差DE上可以看出，从原布的2.2都有所下降,其中NMMO改性织物的色差为1.2。再从织物的断裂强力和断裂延伸率来说,虽然经过改性后纤维有所损伤，但是同时改性也使纤维中各组分的分布更加均匀.有利织物强力的增加,所以在总体上来看,织物的强力并没有明显的下降,强降率都保持在13%以内,特别是经过NMMO改性的织物强降率不足1%,而且改性织物的断裂延伸率都普遍提高20%以上。同时改性后的染色织物干湿摩擦牢度和耐洗牢度都达到了4-5级以上。从织物的刺痒感来看,改性后大麻织物的刺痒感有所改善。其中NMMO改性的大麻织物的毛羽长度最短,从原来的0.423mm下降到0.324mm.分界点压力值也从0.98cN下降到0.79cN。
The hemp has many excellent properties. but its content of cellulose fibers is low. content of lignin and hemicellulose are more, so there are many difficulties in the dyeing and finishing of hemp fabric. The subject in reference to the large number of other natural cellulose fiber processing and modification methods. modified the hemp fabric, in order to improve its dyeability and wearability.
The subject used pure hemp fabric as raw materials. because the effect of the pre-treatment process will directly affect the dyeing performance of the fabric. So in order to meeting the requirements of the hemp fabric of staining and modification, first briefly discuss pretreatment of hemp fabric. In processing of scouring used two methods. acid and alkali scouring and enzyme scouring. Doing acid scouring on the removal of lignin in hemp fibers have a good effect, and with alkali scouring it can improve the capillary effect and maintain good strength of the hemp fabric. As Prickle enzyme to improve the fabric is more obvious, so selected three common enzymes in textile treated the hemp fabric, refined enzyme, pectinase enzyme, cellulose enzyme, and had achieved good results. Pectinase enzyme complexed together with the cellulose enzyme treat with the hemp fabric, the capillary effect of the hemp fabric from 14.5cm up to the present 17.8cm. length of fabric from the original 38.6cm bending down to 27.7cm. flexural strength from the original 573N down to 213N, show that the capillary effect and Rouran fabrics are given a greater degree of improvement. And one side of the fabric getting better compression performance improvement, the bending length of the fabric decreased from 0.604mm to 0.554mm, the pressure at the dividing point decline in value from 1.05cN to 0.87cN, the main compression hardness of the fabric from 11.2 to 9.8.
Getting the good whiteness is significant to the fabric in the dyeing and finishing processing, selected two kinds of bleaching agent for bleaching of hemp fabric, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid bleach. Respectively, from the impact of various factors in bleaching, discussed the two in detail. finally arranged the process of bleaching of the hemp. Relative to hydrogen peroxide, the peracetic acid bleaching of hemp fabric is more effective to the removal of lignin, content of lignin before and after bleaching was 5.284% and 4.019%, and under the same conditions before and after hydrogen peroxide bleaching content of lignin was 5.284% and 4.525%. Finally, frist doing peracetic acid bleaching and next doing marijuana hydrogen peroxide bleaching can maintain a strong fabric and obtain better whiteness, its strength deprssed 13% and whiteness was 64.1, it can basically meet the dyeing and finishing processing needs.
In reference to other hemp fiber modified methods, established the modified plans of the hemp fabric. By analyzing the uptake rate, color fastness, strength, fabric-evoked prickle, etc. researched the effect of the modification. Modified method selected alkali mercerization, ethylenediamine / sodium hydroxide / urea solution, cationic modifier 3-chloro -2- hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, thiourea / sodium hydroxide urea, N-methyl morpholine oxide (NMMO). all achieved certain results. In these, the properties of the hemp fabric modified by cationic modifier and NMMO are more excellent, they obtained good dyeing rate and better color yield in staining, kept good color fastness, also improved its prickle.
The dyeing rate of hemp fabric after modification has been significantly improved. The dyeing rate of cationic modification fabric from 41% to 54%. increased by 13%, and then The dyeing rate of the fabric modifided by NMMO and ethylenediamine, increased 12% and 11%. And the K/S value of the fabric also received a higher, which the K/S value of the fabric modified by NMMO and cationic agent respectively reached 10.13 and 9.98. The difference of color DE decreased from 2.2. DE value of fabric modified NMMO was 1.2. Although the fiber modified has been injury, but at the same modification also made each component of the fiber more distribution. it is conducive to the increasing the strength of the fabric. So, the fabric strength was not significantly reduced, the rate of strength droping maintained at 13% or less, special fabrics modified by NMMO rate of strength droping even less than 1%, and the breaking elongation of the fabric had increased above 50%. While the dry and wet rubbing fastness and washing fastness of the modified fabric dyed all had reached 4 to 5 level above. From the prickle view of the fabric. Prickle of hemp fabric modified improved. The hairiness length o(?) hemp fabric modified NMMO is the shortest, from the original 0.423mm down to 0.324mm, the demarcation point pressure decreased from 0.98cN to 0.79cN.
引文
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