镁粉爆炸特性实验研究及其危险性评价
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摘要
镁粉是我国镁行业近年最具代表性的镁深加工产品之一,由于镁粉易与氧化剂反应,因此在生产、运输、储存及使用过程中存在火灾爆炸危险性,给镁粉的正常生产带来较大影响。然而,目前关于镁粉火灾爆炸机理方面的基础和实验研究甚少,现有的镁粉爆炸特性参数的测试结果存在不同程度的偏差,且爆炸特性数据不完整,很难进行系统的分析。因此,对镁粉的爆炸特性参数仍需要进一步的实验研究。
本文首先利用根据ISO标准建立的爆炸测试装置,20L球形爆炸测试装置,Godbert-Greenwald炉等,对不同条件下镁粉的爆炸特性参数进行了测试,并进行了影响因素分析。在空气条件下对中位径为6μm、47μm、104μm、173μm镁粉的爆炸特性参数进行了测试,包括最大爆炸压力、最大压力上升速率、爆炸指数、爆炸下限、粉尘云最低着火温度、粉尘层最低着火温度、最小点火能等；并以中位径47μm的镁粉为代表,在氮气、氩气、二氧化碳等不同气氛条件下对该镁粉的最大爆炸压力、最大压力上升速率与爆炸指数进行了实验测试。最后,在惰化条件下对中位径为6μm、47μm、104μm镁粉的极限氧浓度进行了测试。实验结果表明,镁粉粒径越小,最大爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升速率及爆炸指数越大,而爆炸下限浓度、粉尘云最低着火温度、粉尘层最低着火温度和最小点火能则越低。随着镁粉浓度增加,爆炸压力、压力上升速率及爆炸指数先增大后减小,而粉尘云最低着火温度却一直降低；在一定浓度的氮气、氩气、二氧化碳气氛条件下,镁粉的爆炸猛烈度总体上有所减缓,而极限氧浓度则随着粒径的增大呈上升趋势。通过综合比较三种惰性气体对极限氧浓度的影响,氮气对镁粉爆炸的惰化效果最佳。最后,根据镁粉尘层最低着火温度实验观察,提出了由固相燃烧到气相燃烧的镁粉尘层两阶段燃烧模型。
在上述实验测试的基础上,用Access和Visual Basic.NET工具建立了镁粉爆炸参数数据库,可根据不同的粒径级别实现不同爆炸特性参数的智能查询。
以镁粉的爆炸特性为基础,结合镁粉的生产工艺,对镁粉生产涉及到的工艺和设备进行了爆炸危险性定性评价。
Magnesium powder was a representative product with high tech in recent years. However, great hazard of fire & explosion exists during producing, transporting, storing, and employing because of its high activity, and had great effect on regular production of magnesium powder However, the descriptions of experimental and theoretical research on magnesium powder are lacking, and the results from some literatures were determined in different experimental configurations, making a systematic data analysis very challenging.
At first, under several conditions some experiments for various magnesium powder have been done in 20L ball, Godbert-Greenwald (G-G) and other testing rigs which were configured based on international standard, and the factors which affect on the magnesium powder explosion were analyzed. In atmosphere some parameters for four magnesium specimens whose D50 was 6μm,47μm,104μm and 173μm were determined, including Pmax, (dp/dt)max, Kst, MEC, MITC, MITL and MIE. Then, as a representative specimen, Pmax、(dp/dt)max、Kst of magnesium powder whose D50 was 47μm was determined with different concentration of nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide. Finally, the MIE and LOC of magnesium powder whose D50 was 6μm,47μm,104μm was determined in this condition with insufficiency of oxygen.
The results show that with decreasing diameters some parameters are increasing, includingPmax, (dp/dt)max, Kst, and others are decreasing, including MEC, MITC, MITL and MIE. Moreover, some parameters including Pmax, (dp/dt)max, Kst, have a maximal value when an appropriate concentration is ready. Before it, the value of these parameters is increasing with increasing concentration, and is decreasing after it. However, MITC was decreasing during the whole process. In insufficient oxygen due to nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide, with increasing diameter the violence Parameters were decreasing in a whole, and LOC was increasing. It is found that nitrogen is the best inert media among three considered gases on the basis of the comprehensive comparison of LOC in insufficient oxygen. Finally, a two-stage model which includes solid and gas phase combustion was found, according to the observation in experiments determining MITL.
According to experimental results mentioned above, the software for data query was developed with Microsoft Access and Visual Basic.NET.
Finally, explosion risk of magnesium powder was evaluated according to its characteristic, production technique and productive facility.
本文首先利用根据ISO标准建立的爆炸测试装置,20L球形爆炸测试装置,Godbert-Greenwald炉等,对不同条件下镁粉的爆炸特性参数进行了测试,并进行了影响因素分析。在空气条件下对中位径为6μm、47μm、104μm、173μm镁粉的爆炸特性参数进行了测试,包括最大爆炸压力、最大压力上升速率、爆炸指数、爆炸下限、粉尘云最低着火温度、粉尘层最低着火温度、最小点火能等；并以中位径47μm的镁粉为代表,在氮气、氩气、二氧化碳等不同气氛条件下对该镁粉的最大爆炸压力、最大压力上升速率与爆炸指数进行了实验测试。最后,在惰化条件下对中位径为6μm、47μm、104μm镁粉的极限氧浓度进行了测试。实验结果表明,镁粉粒径越小,最大爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升速率及爆炸指数越大,而爆炸下限浓度、粉尘云最低着火温度、粉尘层最低着火温度和最小点火能则越低。随着镁粉浓度增加,爆炸压力、压力上升速率及爆炸指数先增大后减小,而粉尘云最低着火温度却一直降低；在一定浓度的氮气、氩气、二氧化碳气氛条件下,镁粉的爆炸猛烈度总体上有所减缓,而极限氧浓度则随着粒径的增大呈上升趋势。通过综合比较三种惰性气体对极限氧浓度的影响,氮气对镁粉爆炸的惰化效果最佳。最后,根据镁粉尘层最低着火温度实验观察,提出了由固相燃烧到气相燃烧的镁粉尘层两阶段燃烧模型。
在上述实验测试的基础上,用Access和Visual Basic.NET工具建立了镁粉爆炸参数数据库,可根据不同的粒径级别实现不同爆炸特性参数的智能查询。
以镁粉的爆炸特性为基础,结合镁粉的生产工艺,对镁粉生产涉及到的工艺和设备进行了爆炸危险性定性评价。
Magnesium powder was a representative product with high tech in recent years. However, great hazard of fire & explosion exists during producing, transporting, storing, and employing because of its high activity, and had great effect on regular production of magnesium powder However, the descriptions of experimental and theoretical research on magnesium powder are lacking, and the results from some literatures were determined in different experimental configurations, making a systematic data analysis very challenging.
At first, under several conditions some experiments for various magnesium powder have been done in 20L ball, Godbert-Greenwald (G-G) and other testing rigs which were configured based on international standard, and the factors which affect on the magnesium powder explosion were analyzed. In atmosphere some parameters for four magnesium specimens whose D50 was 6μm,47μm,104μm and 173μm were determined, including Pmax, (dp/dt)max, Kst, MEC, MITC, MITL and MIE. Then, as a representative specimen, Pmax、(dp/dt)max、Kst of magnesium powder whose D50 was 47μm was determined with different concentration of nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide. Finally, the MIE and LOC of magnesium powder whose D50 was 6μm,47μm,104μm was determined in this condition with insufficiency of oxygen.
The results show that with decreasing diameters some parameters are increasing, includingPmax, (dp/dt)max, Kst, and others are decreasing, including MEC, MITC, MITL and MIE. Moreover, some parameters including Pmax, (dp/dt)max, Kst, have a maximal value when an appropriate concentration is ready. Before it, the value of these parameters is increasing with increasing concentration, and is decreasing after it. However, MITC was decreasing during the whole process. In insufficient oxygen due to nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide, with increasing diameter the violence Parameters were decreasing in a whole, and LOC was increasing. It is found that nitrogen is the best inert media among three considered gases on the basis of the comprehensive comparison of LOC in insufficient oxygen. Finally, a two-stage model which includes solid and gas phase combustion was found, according to the observation in experiments determining MITL.
According to experimental results mentioned above, the software for data query was developed with Microsoft Access and Visual Basic.NET.
Finally, explosion risk of magnesium powder was evaluated according to its characteristic, production technique and productive facility.
引文
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