辽宁省排山楼金矿地球化学特征及成矿预测
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摘要
排山楼地区位于华北地台中朝准地台北缘的燕山台褶带辽西台陷北镇凸起北部。区内太古界地层发育,岩浆活动频繁而强烈,并有阜(新)至锦(州)断裂和大巴至后三角山韧性剪切带通过,地质情况复杂,成矿条件优越。
排山楼金矿1988年由辽宁省地质矿产局区域调查队发现,1997年建成投产,累计探明黄金资源量1700万吨,平均品位2.7克/吨,金属量43吨。目前,该矿已探明的储量已消耗殆尽,面临严重的资源危机。论文选择这一颇具前景的地区开展综合研究,通过对排山楼金矿床的区域及矿区地质、矿床地质、地球化学特征的研究,总结矿床成因及成矿模式,厘定控矿因素和找矿标志,在矿区及其外围运用GIS的空间分析功能进行了综合信息成矿预测。论文取得的主要认识如下：
(1)通过综合前人研究资料及野外工作发现：太古宙建平群为金矿控矿的最有利层位；矿石中硫来源于太古宙变质岩；无论是金矿石,还是太古代变质岩的铅都来自于地壳深部；排山楼金矿床矿石与太古代变质岩的特点相一致,而与燕山期花岗岩相差较大,说明矿质金来自太古代变质岩,与燕山期花岗岩无关。
通过上述研究,认为排山楼金矿床成矿热液来自太古宙变质岩本身,是变质变形作用过程中形成的含金变生热液。含矿热液沿着应力薄弱带向上迁移,糜棱岩化作用产生黄铁矿化,沿晚期糜棱岩面形成金的富集。成矿时代为燕山运动中晚期。因此,排山楼金矿属韧性剪切带型中低温热液矿床。
(2)在充分总结、分析前人研究成果基础上,选择太古界建平群地层、太古宙变质岩、韧性剪切带、绿泥石化带、铁白云石化、黄铁矿-绢云母化、中精度磁测异常,Au、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Bi等地球化学异常等找矿标志为变量,通过GIS系统中的查询、检索功能,将有利于成矿的控矿因素、成矿条件、成矿信息标志检索出来,进行空间叠加和综合,确定有利信息组合部位,进而进行成矿预测和评价,得到了四个成矿有利靶区,即：排山楼东沟南靶区、敖包西靶区、寨子沟-石门沟-南沟靶区、和靳家店东-上草和尚沟西靶区。靶区的圈定对排山楼金矿增储和可持续发展有一定实际意义。
Paishanlou area is located in north of raised Beizhen of Yanshan single fold belt and western Liaoning platform subside, which belong to north margin of Zhongchao sub-platform of North China platform. With the well-developed Archean strata, magmatic activity is frequent and intense in the area, which is passed through by Fuxin-Jinzhou fracture and the ductile shear zone of Daba to Houshanjiaoshan. De to the complicated geological conditions, the ore-forming conditions is superior.
Paishanlou gold deposit was discovered in 1988 by Regional Investigation Team of Geology and Mineral Resources Bureau of Liaoning and was built up in 1997. The cumulative amount of proven gold resources is 17 million tons, with 2.7 g/t of the average grade and 43ts of metal quantity. At present, the proven reserve of the deposit has been depleted, facing bad resource crisis. Comprehensive study is carried out about the promising area in the paper. Through the study of Paishanlou gold ore deposit region, mining area geology, deposit geology, and ore geochemistry characteristics, we summarized the ore genesis and metallogenic model and redefined the ore-controlling factors and prospecting criteria, applying space analysis function of GIS to mining area and peripheral to carry out the synthetic information mineralization prediction. The mainly information the paper got is as following:
(1) Integrating previous research data and fieldwork, we find that JianPing group of Archean is the most favorable horizon of ore-controlling of gold ore; Sulphur in ore originate from archean metamorphic rocks; Lead in both gold ore and archean metamorphic rocks comes from deep crust; the chart of portioning model of rare earth elements indicates that the characteristics of the ore of gold mine deposit in Paishanlou are consistent with those of archean metamorphic rocks, but differ from Yanshan granite largely, showing that gold ore comes from archean metamorphic rocks instead of Yanshan granite.
(2) On the basis of summing-up and analysis previous research results richly, we selected the prospecting criteria as variable, including strata of JianPing group of Archean, archean metamorphic rocks, ductile shear zone, chloritization zone, iron dolomitization, pyrite-sericitization, medium precision of measured magnetic abnormaly and geochemical anomaly of Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, and Bi element, then retrieved the signs of ore-controlling factors, metallogenic condition, metallogenic information which all favour of mineralization via query function and retrieval function of GIS system, carrying out space superposition and comprehensive function to fix on the location of combined favorable information. Furthermore, we carried out the prediction and appraise of mineralization and found four ore-forming favored target zones, including target areas of south Donggou of Paishanlou,west Aobao, Zhaizigou-Shimengou-Nangou,and east Jinjiadian-west Shangcaoheshanggou. Delineation of target areas has practical significance to gold deposit increasing storage and sustainable development of Paishanlou.
排山楼金矿1988年由辽宁省地质矿产局区域调查队发现,1997年建成投产,累计探明黄金资源量1700万吨,平均品位2.7克/吨,金属量43吨。目前,该矿已探明的储量已消耗殆尽,面临严重的资源危机。论文选择这一颇具前景的地区开展综合研究,通过对排山楼金矿床的区域及矿区地质、矿床地质、地球化学特征的研究,总结矿床成因及成矿模式,厘定控矿因素和找矿标志,在矿区及其外围运用GIS的空间分析功能进行了综合信息成矿预测。论文取得的主要认识如下：
(1)通过综合前人研究资料及野外工作发现：太古宙建平群为金矿控矿的最有利层位；矿石中硫来源于太古宙变质岩；无论是金矿石,还是太古代变质岩的铅都来自于地壳深部；排山楼金矿床矿石与太古代变质岩的特点相一致,而与燕山期花岗岩相差较大,说明矿质金来自太古代变质岩,与燕山期花岗岩无关。
通过上述研究,认为排山楼金矿床成矿热液来自太古宙变质岩本身,是变质变形作用过程中形成的含金变生热液。含矿热液沿着应力薄弱带向上迁移,糜棱岩化作用产生黄铁矿化,沿晚期糜棱岩面形成金的富集。成矿时代为燕山运动中晚期。因此,排山楼金矿属韧性剪切带型中低温热液矿床。
(2)在充分总结、分析前人研究成果基础上,选择太古界建平群地层、太古宙变质岩、韧性剪切带、绿泥石化带、铁白云石化、黄铁矿-绢云母化、中精度磁测异常,Au、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Bi等地球化学异常等找矿标志为变量,通过GIS系统中的查询、检索功能,将有利于成矿的控矿因素、成矿条件、成矿信息标志检索出来,进行空间叠加和综合,确定有利信息组合部位,进而进行成矿预测和评价,得到了四个成矿有利靶区,即：排山楼东沟南靶区、敖包西靶区、寨子沟-石门沟-南沟靶区、和靳家店东-上草和尚沟西靶区。靶区的圈定对排山楼金矿增储和可持续发展有一定实际意义。
Paishanlou area is located in north of raised Beizhen of Yanshan single fold belt and western Liaoning platform subside, which belong to north margin of Zhongchao sub-platform of North China platform. With the well-developed Archean strata, magmatic activity is frequent and intense in the area, which is passed through by Fuxin-Jinzhou fracture and the ductile shear zone of Daba to Houshanjiaoshan. De to the complicated geological conditions, the ore-forming conditions is superior.
Paishanlou gold deposit was discovered in 1988 by Regional Investigation Team of Geology and Mineral Resources Bureau of Liaoning and was built up in 1997. The cumulative amount of proven gold resources is 17 million tons, with 2.7 g/t of the average grade and 43ts of metal quantity. At present, the proven reserve of the deposit has been depleted, facing bad resource crisis. Comprehensive study is carried out about the promising area in the paper. Through the study of Paishanlou gold ore deposit region, mining area geology, deposit geology, and ore geochemistry characteristics, we summarized the ore genesis and metallogenic model and redefined the ore-controlling factors and prospecting criteria, applying space analysis function of GIS to mining area and peripheral to carry out the synthetic information mineralization prediction. The mainly information the paper got is as following:
(1) Integrating previous research data and fieldwork, we find that JianPing group of Archean is the most favorable horizon of ore-controlling of gold ore; Sulphur in ore originate from archean metamorphic rocks; Lead in both gold ore and archean metamorphic rocks comes from deep crust; the chart of portioning model of rare earth elements indicates that the characteristics of the ore of gold mine deposit in Paishanlou are consistent with those of archean metamorphic rocks, but differ from Yanshan granite largely, showing that gold ore comes from archean metamorphic rocks instead of Yanshan granite.
(2) On the basis of summing-up and analysis previous research results richly, we selected the prospecting criteria as variable, including strata of JianPing group of Archean, archean metamorphic rocks, ductile shear zone, chloritization zone, iron dolomitization, pyrite-sericitization, medium precision of measured magnetic abnormaly and geochemical anomaly of Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, and Bi element, then retrieved the signs of ore-controlling factors, metallogenic condition, metallogenic information which all favour of mineralization via query function and retrieval function of GIS system, carrying out space superposition and comprehensive function to fix on the location of combined favorable information. Furthermore, we carried out the prediction and appraise of mineralization and found four ore-forming favored target zones, including target areas of south Donggou of Paishanlou,west Aobao, Zhaizigou-Shimengou-Nangou,and east Jinjiadian-west Shangcaoheshanggou. Delineation of target areas has practical significance to gold deposit increasing storage and sustainable development of Paishanlou.
引文
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[2]Ramsay J G Shear zone geometry:a review [J]. Journal of Structural Geology,1980,2: 83-99
[3]R.W.博伊尔著,马万均,王立文,罗永国等译,金的地球化学及金矿床[M].北京：地质出版社,1984
[4]Bonnemaison M, Marcoux E. Les zones de cisaillement auriferes du sode hercynien francais [J]. Chronque de la recherch minere,1987,488:29-42
[5]刘玉琳,国外韧性剪切带型金矿研究现状.黄金地质[J],1996,2：76-80
[6]Sibson R H, Robert F, Poulsen K H. High-angle reverse fault, fluid-pressure cycling, and mesothernal gold-quartz depoairs[J]. Geology,1988,16:551-555
[7]Cameron E M. Derivation of gold by oxidative metamorphism of a deep ductile shear zone:part1[J]. Conceptual model. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1989,31: 135-147
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[10]李德威,含金剪切带的类型划分及成矿机理[J],矿床地质,1993,12：148-155
[11]Robert F, Brown A C. Archaean gold-bearing quartz veins at the Sigona Mine, Abitibi greenstone belt, Quebec:Part 1.Geologic relations and formation of the system. Econ geol,1986,81:578-592
[12]Robert F, Kelly W C. One-forming flude in Archaean gold-bearing quartz veins at the Sigona Mine, Abitibi greenstone belt, Quebec, Canada [J]. Econ geol,1987,82: 1464-1482
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[15]张翼飞,云南东川地区含金剪切带型金矿[J],云南地质,2003,22：360-370
[16]董树义,钟康惠,唐菊兴等,内蒙小伊诺沟金矿：后韧性剪切型金矿[J],矿物岩石,2004,24：46-52
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[19]李德亭,袁怀雨.我国黄金矿业生产现状与可持续发展对策探讨[J],矿业快报,2004,422：1-5
[20]曾绍金,常玉刚,郑大瑜,资源危机型矿山的研究现状、问题与对策[J],2004,6：16-19
[21]王安建,李树勋,曲亚军.脉状金矿地质与成因[M],吉林：吉林科学技术出版社,1996,85-92
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[23]赵以辛,吴夫军,辽阜排金容矿岩石及其含金性研究,地质找矿论丛,1998,13：56-66
[24]吴春林,排山楼金矿床的发现及其他地质特征,黄金地质科技,1992,2：73-77
[25]李达,韩雪梅,排山楼金矿地质特征及成矿模式初探,贵金属地质,1995,4：109-117
[26]李俊建,沈保丰,骆辉等,辽阜排金矿的40Ar\39Ar成矿年龄,地质科学,2001,36：107-111
[27]A.M. Killick and R. Scheepers. Controls to hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Witwatersberg Goldfield; situated in the floor to the south of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa [J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences,2005,41:235-247
[28]刘英俊,马东升.金的地球化学[M],北京：科学出版社,1991
[29]吴春林,孙厚江,排山楼金矿水系沉积物的地球化学异常特征[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1992,1：286-292.
[30]吴春林,孙厚江,排山楼金矿水系沉积物金异常及验证效果[J].黄金地质科技,1992,38：40-45.
[31]孟宪刚,邵兆刚,曲炜等.医巫间山变质核杂岩中金矿的稳定同位素特征[J].地球学 报,2004,25：299-302
[32]骆辉,赵运起,辽宁阜新排山楼金矿地质和成矿作用[J].前寒武纪研究进展,1997,20：13-24.
[33]李俊建,沈保丰,骆辉等.辽宁阜新排山楼金矿的40Ar/39Ar成矿年龄[J].地质科学,2001,36：107-111.
[34]罗镇宽,苗来成,关康等.辽宁阜新排山楼金矿区岩浆岩锆石SHPIMP定年及其意义[J].地球化学,2001,30：483-189.
[35]王荣湖,金成洙,李景春.排山楼金矿床40Ar/39Ar年龄及其地质意义[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29：1482-1485.
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[2]Ramsay J G Shear zone geometry:a review [J]. Journal of Structural Geology,1980,2: 83-99
[3]R.W.博伊尔著,马万均,王立文,罗永国等译,金的地球化学及金矿床[M].北京：地质出版社,1984
[4]Bonnemaison M, Marcoux E. Les zones de cisaillement auriferes du sode hercynien francais [J]. Chronque de la recherch minere,1987,488:29-42
[5]刘玉琳,国外韧性剪切带型金矿研究现状.黄金地质[J],1996,2：76-80
[6]Sibson R H, Robert F, Poulsen K H. High-angle reverse fault, fluid-pressure cycling, and mesothernal gold-quartz depoairs[J]. Geology,1988,16:551-555
[7]Cameron E M. Derivation of gold by oxidative metamorphism of a deep ductile shear zone:part1[J]. Conceptual model. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1989,31: 135-147
[8]Davidson G J, Large R R. Gold metallogeny and the copper-gold association of the Australian proterozoic mineral [J]. Deposita,1994,29:208-223
[9]何绍勋,段嘉瑞,周崇智等,一种新的金矿类型-剪切带型金矿[J],1992,2：1-6
[10]李德威,含金剪切带的类型划分及成矿机理[J],矿床地质,1993,12：148-155
[11]Robert F, Brown A C. Archaean gold-bearing quartz veins at the Sigona Mine, Abitibi greenstone belt, Quebec:Part 1.Geologic relations and formation of the system. Econ geol,1986,81:578-592
[12]Robert F, Kelly W C. One-forming flude in Archaean gold-bearing quartz veins at the Sigona Mine, Abitibi greenstone belt, Quebec, Canada [J]. Econ geol,1987,82: 1464-1482
[13]Bonnemaison M, Marcoux E. Anrifrous mineralization in some shear-somues:A three-stage model of metallogenesis mineral [J]. Deposite,1990,25:96-104
[14]李达,韩雪梅,排山楼金矿地质特征及成矿模式初探[J],贵金属地质,1995,4：109-117
[15]张翼飞,云南东川地区含金剪切带型金矿[J],云南地质,2003,22：360-370
[16]董树义,钟康惠,唐菊兴等,内蒙小伊诺沟金矿：后韧性剪切型金矿[J],矿物岩石,2004,24：46-52
[17]王荣湖,刘志远,周乃武等,含金剪切带型金矿床的成矿作用[J],地质与资源,2007,16：16-22
[18]任耀武,曹倩雯,韧性剪切带型金矿床研究现状及存在问题[J],天津地质学会志,1997,15：7-15
[19]李德亭,袁怀雨.我国黄金矿业生产现状与可持续发展对策探讨[J],矿业快报,2004,422：1-5
[20]曾绍金,常玉刚,郑大瑜,资源危机型矿山的研究现状、问题与对策[J],2004,6：16-19
[21]王安建,李树勋,曲亚军.脉状金矿地质与成因[M],吉林：吉林科学技术出版社,1996,85-92
[22]吴春林,孙厚江,排山楼金矿水系沉积物金异常及验证结果,黄金地质科技,1993,38,40-45
[23]赵以辛,吴夫军,辽阜排金容矿岩石及其含金性研究,地质找矿论丛,1998,13：56-66
[24]吴春林,排山楼金矿床的发现及其他地质特征,黄金地质科技,1992,2：73-77
[25]李达,韩雪梅,排山楼金矿地质特征及成矿模式初探,贵金属地质,1995,4：109-117
[26]李俊建,沈保丰,骆辉等,辽阜排金矿的40Ar\39Ar成矿年龄,地质科学,2001,36：107-111
[27]A.M. Killick and R. Scheepers. Controls to hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Witwatersberg Goldfield; situated in the floor to the south of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa [J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences,2005,41:235-247
[28]刘英俊,马东升.金的地球化学[M],北京：科学出版社,1991
[29]吴春林,孙厚江,排山楼金矿水系沉积物的地球化学异常特征[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1992,1：286-292.
[30]吴春林,孙厚江,排山楼金矿水系沉积物金异常及验证效果[J].黄金地质科技,1992,38：40-45.
[31]孟宪刚,邵兆刚,曲炜等.医巫间山变质核杂岩中金矿的稳定同位素特征[J].地球学 报,2004,25：299-302
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