运用AVO技术进行直接油气检测研究
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摘要
AVO技术是油气勘探领域正在兴起的一项新技术,是合理地提取隐藏在叠前地震信息中的岩性和流体信息的重要途径之一。该技术所依据的是岩石物理学理论和振幅随偏移距变化理论,它通过借助于Zoeppritz方程,对CDP道集反射振幅的变化作最小平方拟合,直至理论与观测值很好的拟合为止,最终导出泊松比、拉梅常数、体积模量、切变模量和杨氏模量等弹性参数,进而利用这些弹性参数进行岩性分析和油气的预测。AVO技术是在叠前道集的基础上开展工作,反演时考虑了入射角因素,并与纵波速度、横波速度、密度参数有关,这样就包含了大量的地震信息,而使反演获得的岩性、物性信息更加丰富、可靠。
本文主要研究运用AVO技术进行烃类检测的方法和应用效果。在方法研究上主要进行了三个方面的研究工作：一是开展了AVO技术的原理和理论基础研究,其中包括Zoeppritz方程的精确和近似表达式分析,AVO技术的地球物理基础和岩石物理基础研究；二是复杂构造储层的准确成像技术以及用于AVO分析的特殊处理技术研究,其中包括叠前去噪和真振幅恢复；三是储层含气性AVO检测方法的研究,包括AVO正演和反演技术的深化研究及储层属性参数的提取和分析技术。在实际资料分析上主要开展了以下工作：对研究区资料从分析AVO处理中影响AVO特征的各种因素和振幅补偿机制入手,力求做到保持反射的真振幅,消除由岩性之外的因素引起的振幅变化。在AVO反演的基础上,分别利用P-G交会分析方法和弹性模量交会图分析方法进行了测井岩石地球物理分析、流体替代测井响应分析、流体替代地震响应分析、AVO属性分析等综合研究,找出较满意的油气判别敏感性参数,确定研究区含气指示的地震响应和测井响应特征,明确了徐家围子断陷气藏的AVO类别。论文目标的实现将有助于分析和验证AVO技术的理论,明确AVO技术作为直接油气检测方法在徐家围子探区的适用性,本文的研究结果为今后在此区域开展油气勘探工作提供了依据和指导。
AVO prestack inversion technology is a new rising technology in hydrocarbon exploration.The foundations of AVOprestack inversion are petrophysical theories and the theory that vibration amplitude varies with the variance of migration distance.Through Zeoppritz equation or approxinate expression,least square fitting is conducted to CDPtrace assemblage reflection amplitude variance,till a very good fitting between theory and measured value.Finally elasticity constants such Poisson ratio,Lame constant,bulk modulus,shear modulus,and Young's modulus are incluced out for further lithology identification.AVO restack inversion theories are introduced and the theories are analyzed combining reality.
This paper mainly researches the method of AVO technology for hydrocarbon detection.At first AVO theories and AVO analysis petrophysics founation are seriously described,and then points out the critical aspects of seismic premise of analyzing the factors that affect the prestack seismic reflection amplitude variation versus offset in the AVOstudy of complex structure areas. At last the approach of AVOtechnology for hydrocarbon detection was studied. The above proposed research method was applied to the fact data, the gas-bearing seismic and well logging response characteristics of the studied area. This studied result in this paper is very significant. It is a very important refrence in finding oil and gas in xujiaweiz area.
本文主要研究运用AVO技术进行烃类检测的方法和应用效果。在方法研究上主要进行了三个方面的研究工作：一是开展了AVO技术的原理和理论基础研究,其中包括Zoeppritz方程的精确和近似表达式分析,AVO技术的地球物理基础和岩石物理基础研究；二是复杂构造储层的准确成像技术以及用于AVO分析的特殊处理技术研究,其中包括叠前去噪和真振幅恢复；三是储层含气性AVO检测方法的研究,包括AVO正演和反演技术的深化研究及储层属性参数的提取和分析技术。在实际资料分析上主要开展了以下工作：对研究区资料从分析AVO处理中影响AVO特征的各种因素和振幅补偿机制入手,力求做到保持反射的真振幅,消除由岩性之外的因素引起的振幅变化。在AVO反演的基础上,分别利用P-G交会分析方法和弹性模量交会图分析方法进行了测井岩石地球物理分析、流体替代测井响应分析、流体替代地震响应分析、AVO属性分析等综合研究,找出较满意的油气判别敏感性参数,确定研究区含气指示的地震响应和测井响应特征,明确了徐家围子断陷气藏的AVO类别。论文目标的实现将有助于分析和验证AVO技术的理论,明确AVO技术作为直接油气检测方法在徐家围子探区的适用性,本文的研究结果为今后在此区域开展油气勘探工作提供了依据和指导。
AVO prestack inversion technology is a new rising technology in hydrocarbon exploration.The foundations of AVOprestack inversion are petrophysical theories and the theory that vibration amplitude varies with the variance of migration distance.Through Zeoppritz equation or approxinate expression,least square fitting is conducted to CDPtrace assemblage reflection amplitude variance,till a very good fitting between theory and measured value.Finally elasticity constants such Poisson ratio,Lame constant,bulk modulus,shear modulus,and Young's modulus are incluced out for further lithology identification.AVO restack inversion theories are introduced and the theories are analyzed combining reality.
This paper mainly researches the method of AVO technology for hydrocarbon detection.At first AVO theories and AVO analysis petrophysics founation are seriously described,and then points out the critical aspects of seismic premise of analyzing the factors that affect the prestack seismic reflection amplitude variation versus offset in the AVOstudy of complex structure areas. At last the approach of AVOtechnology for hydrocarbon detection was studied. The above proposed research method was applied to the fact data, the gas-bearing seismic and well logging response characteristics of the studied area. This studied result in this paper is very significant. It is a very important refrence in finding oil and gas in xujiaweiz area.
引文
[1]殷八斤.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1995,191～217.
[2]王云专,张宝金,王秀娟,等.储层参数对AVO响应的影响[J].大庆石油学院学报,1999,23(3)：12～15.
[3]Koefoed O. On the effect of Poisson's ratios of rock strata on the reflection coefficients of plane waves[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,1955,3:381～387.
[4]Bortfeld R. Approximation to the reflection and transmission coefficients of plane longitudinal and transverse waves[J]. Geophysics,1961,9 (3):486～502.
[5]Aki K, Richards P G. Quantitative seismology:Theory and methods[M]. Version 1.Freeman:W. H. Freeman and Co,1980.100～170.
[6]Shuey R T. A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations[J]. Geophysics,1985,50(4):609～614.
[7]杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法[M].北京：地质出版社,1997,112～156.
[8]Lu Shaoming&George A. Mcmechan.2002.Elastic impedance inversion of multi-channel seismic data to detect gas hydrate and free gas.72th SEG Annual Meeting,Expanded Abstracts,AVO P1.6
[9]潘仁芳.AVO的内涵与外延[J].石油天然气学报.2006,28(2)：50～55.
[10]程冰洁,张玉芬.AVO简化方程的物理意义及其在油气识别中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(1)：89～93.
[11]Zoeppritz K, Erdbebenwellen ⅧB. On the reflection and propagation of seismic waves[J]. Gottinger Nachrichten,1919,1:66～84.
[12]Ostrander W J. Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at nonnormal angles of incidence[J]. Geophysics,1984,49 (6):1637～1648.
[13]Richards P J, Frasier C W. Scattering of elastic waves from depth-dependent inhomogeneities[J]. Geophysics,1976,41 (5):441～458.
[14]Ramos A C B, Davis T L.3-D AVO analysis and modeling applied to fracture detection in coalbed methane reservoirs[C]. Geophysics, Soc. of Expl. Geophys.,1997, 62,1683～1695.
[15]Smith G C, Gidlow P M. Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35:993～1014.
[16]Biot. M. A.1956a, Theory of propagation of elastic waves in fluid-saturated porous solid I. Low frequency range:J. Acoust. Soc. Am.,28,169-191.
[17]Ekren B O, Ursin B. True-amplitude frequency-wavenumber constant-offset migration[J]. Geophysics,1999,64(4):915～924
[18]Kelly M, Skidmore C. AVO inversion, Part 1:Isolating rock property contrasts[J]. The Leading Edge,2001,20(3):320～323
[19]Ekren B O, Ursin B. True-amplitude frequency-wavenumber constant-offset migration[J].Geophysics,1999,64(4):915～924
[20]孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽.PP波AVO多属性交会图分析[J].天然气工业,2004,24(2)：44～47.
[21]Foster D J, Keys R G, Reilly J M. Another perspective on AVO crossplotting[J]. The Leading Edge,1997,16 (9):1233～1239.
[22]Simm R, White R, Uden R. The anatomy of AVO crossplots[J]. The Leading Edge, 2000,19 (2):150～155.
[23]Sams Mark. Yet another perspective on AVO crossplotting[J]. The Leading Edge,1998, 16 (7):911～917.
[24]Chen H, Ramos A, Brown R, et al. Three-parameter AVO crossplotting in anisotropic media[C].69th Ann. Internat. Mtg, Soc. of Expl. Geophys.,1999,73～76.
[25]孙翠娟,李维新,张文.AVO交汇图分析技术的应用[J].中国海上油气(地质),2002,16(4)：286～290.
[26]Ross Christopher P. Effective AVO crossplot modeling:A tutorial[J]. Geophysics,2000, 65(3):700～711.
[27]Smith George C, Sutherland Robin A. Short note:The fluid factor as an AVO indicator[J]. Geophysics,1996,61 (5):1425～1428.
[28]陈习峰,张海洋.应用AVO属性识别含油砂体[J],小型油气藏,2005,10(1)：20～23.
[29]王家映.地球物理反演理论[M].北京：中国地质大学出版社,1998,21～58.
[30]熊定钰,钱忠平,赵波.拟合AVO属性反演[J],石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6)：646～651.
[31]孙春岩,章明显,牛滨华,等.天然气水合物地震似海底反射现象AVO正演模型研究[J].现代地质,2003,17(3)：337～343.
[32]王兴谋,韩文功,李红梅,等.层岩性气藏地震检测的陷阱分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(1)：19～22.
[33]宋宗平.应用AVO属性数据进行波阻抗反演处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4)：465～467.
[34]唐建明.AVO纵横波反演[J].物探化探计算技术,2002,24(1)：27～30.
[35]韩晓东,张明学.松辽盆地北部深层断陷天然气成藏条件差异性分析[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(4)：4～6.
[36]胡玉双,田芳,曹立岩.松辽盆地东部断陷群层序地层学研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(5)：70～73.
[37]付广,吕延防,于丹.我国不同类型盆地高效大中型气田形成的主控因素[J].地球科学海洋石油,2007,32(1)：82～88.
[38]刘洪林,王红岩.吐哈盆地低煤阶煤层气地质特征与成藏控制因素研究[J].地质学 报,2010,84(1)：133～137.
[39]邹才能,张颖.油气勘探开发实用地震新技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2003,275-325.
[40]朱广生.地震资料储层预测方法[M],北京：石油工业出版社,1995,156-220.
[41]李明,侯连华.岩性地层油气藏地球物理勘探技术与应用[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2005,74～145.
[42]Ross C P, Sparlin M A. Improved crossplot analysis using visualization techniques[J].The Leading Edge,2000,19(9):1188～1199
[43]国洪伟,陈勃,刘和芝,等.地震属性分析中水平切片的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2005,27(1)：10～15
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[2]王云专,张宝金,王秀娟,等.储层参数对AVO响应的影响[J].大庆石油学院学报,1999,23(3)：12～15.
[3]Koefoed O. On the effect of Poisson's ratios of rock strata on the reflection coefficients of plane waves[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,1955,3:381～387.
[4]Bortfeld R. Approximation to the reflection and transmission coefficients of plane longitudinal and transverse waves[J]. Geophysics,1961,9 (3):486～502.
[5]Aki K, Richards P G. Quantitative seismology:Theory and methods[M]. Version 1.Freeman:W. H. Freeman and Co,1980.100～170.
[6]Shuey R T. A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations[J]. Geophysics,1985,50(4):609～614.
[7]杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法[M].北京：地质出版社,1997,112～156.
[8]Lu Shaoming&George A. Mcmechan.2002.Elastic impedance inversion of multi-channel seismic data to detect gas hydrate and free gas.72th SEG Annual Meeting,Expanded Abstracts,AVO P1.6
[9]潘仁芳.AVO的内涵与外延[J].石油天然气学报.2006,28(2)：50～55.
[10]程冰洁,张玉芬.AVO简化方程的物理意义及其在油气识别中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(1)：89～93.
[11]Zoeppritz K, Erdbebenwellen ⅧB. On the reflection and propagation of seismic waves[J]. Gottinger Nachrichten,1919,1:66～84.
[12]Ostrander W J. Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at nonnormal angles of incidence[J]. Geophysics,1984,49 (6):1637～1648.
[13]Richards P J, Frasier C W. Scattering of elastic waves from depth-dependent inhomogeneities[J]. Geophysics,1976,41 (5):441～458.
[14]Ramos A C B, Davis T L.3-D AVO analysis and modeling applied to fracture detection in coalbed methane reservoirs[C]. Geophysics, Soc. of Expl. Geophys.,1997, 62,1683～1695.
[15]Smith G C, Gidlow P M. Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35:993～1014.
[16]Biot. M. A.1956a, Theory of propagation of elastic waves in fluid-saturated porous solid I. Low frequency range:J. Acoust. Soc. Am.,28,169-191.
[17]Ekren B O, Ursin B. True-amplitude frequency-wavenumber constant-offset migration[J]. Geophysics,1999,64(4):915～924
[18]Kelly M, Skidmore C. AVO inversion, Part 1:Isolating rock property contrasts[J]. The Leading Edge,2001,20(3):320～323
[19]Ekren B O, Ursin B. True-amplitude frequency-wavenumber constant-offset migration[J].Geophysics,1999,64(4):915～924
[20]孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽.PP波AVO多属性交会图分析[J].天然气工业,2004,24(2)：44～47.
[21]Foster D J, Keys R G, Reilly J M. Another perspective on AVO crossplotting[J]. The Leading Edge,1997,16 (9):1233～1239.
[22]Simm R, White R, Uden R. The anatomy of AVO crossplots[J]. The Leading Edge, 2000,19 (2):150～155.
[23]Sams Mark. Yet another perspective on AVO crossplotting[J]. The Leading Edge,1998, 16 (7):911～917.
[24]Chen H, Ramos A, Brown R, et al. Three-parameter AVO crossplotting in anisotropic media[C].69th Ann. Internat. Mtg, Soc. of Expl. Geophys.,1999,73～76.
[25]孙翠娟,李维新,张文.AVO交汇图分析技术的应用[J].中国海上油气(地质),2002,16(4)：286～290.
[26]Ross Christopher P. Effective AVO crossplot modeling:A tutorial[J]. Geophysics,2000, 65(3):700～711.
[27]Smith George C, Sutherland Robin A. Short note:The fluid factor as an AVO indicator[J]. Geophysics,1996,61 (5):1425～1428.
[28]陈习峰,张海洋.应用AVO属性识别含油砂体[J],小型油气藏,2005,10(1)：20～23.
[29]王家映.地球物理反演理论[M].北京：中国地质大学出版社,1998,21～58.
[30]熊定钰,钱忠平,赵波.拟合AVO属性反演[J],石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6)：646～651.
[31]孙春岩,章明显,牛滨华,等.天然气水合物地震似海底反射现象AVO正演模型研究[J].现代地质,2003,17(3)：337～343.
[32]王兴谋,韩文功,李红梅,等.层岩性气藏地震检测的陷阱分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(1)：19～22.
[33]宋宗平.应用AVO属性数据进行波阻抗反演处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4)：465～467.
[34]唐建明.AVO纵横波反演[J].物探化探计算技术,2002,24(1)：27～30.
[35]韩晓东,张明学.松辽盆地北部深层断陷天然气成藏条件差异性分析[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(4)：4～6.
[36]胡玉双,田芳,曹立岩.松辽盆地东部断陷群层序地层学研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(5)：70～73.
[37]付广,吕延防,于丹.我国不同类型盆地高效大中型气田形成的主控因素[J].地球科学海洋石油,2007,32(1)：82～88.
[38]刘洪林,王红岩.吐哈盆地低煤阶煤层气地质特征与成藏控制因素研究[J].地质学 报,2010,84(1)：133～137.
[39]邹才能,张颖.油气勘探开发实用地震新技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2003,275-325.
[40]朱广生.地震资料储层预测方法[M],北京：石油工业出版社,1995,156-220.
[41]李明,侯连华.岩性地层油气藏地球物理勘探技术与应用[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2005,74～145.
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